word recognition in reading sara sereno. ...in collaboration with...reflecting the input & hard...
TRANSCRIPT
Word Recognition in Reading
Sara Sereno
...in collaboration with ...reflecting the input & hard work of
Graham Scott Christopher Hand
Dr. Sébastien Miellet
(ESRC 1+3) (ESRC 1+3)
Prof. Paddy O’Donnell
ESRC grant (Sereno & O’Donnell)
Measurement
EMs = best on-line measure of visual word recognition in the context of normal reading
ERPs = best real-time measure of brain activity associated with the perceptual and cognitive processing of words
(Sereno & Rayner, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2003)
Word frequency & lexical access
The sore on Tam-Tam’s was swollen.(HF) back(LF) rump
• Word frequency effect (HF < LF)
Differential response to more common, high-frequency (HF) words vs. less common, low-frequency (LF) words.
E.g.,
Used as index of successful lexical access (word recognition).
• Best estimate of lexical access: 130-190 ms (N1).
(Sereno & Rayner, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2003)
Sereno, Rayner, & Posner (NeuroReport, 1998).
Sereno , Brewer, O’Donnell (Psych Sci, 2003).
Factors affecting word recognition
• Words in isolation
• Words in context
• Words across languages
Factors affecting word recognition
• Words in isolation
• Words in context
• Words across languages
Word variables
Variable Example RT Effect
length duke - fisherman short < long
frequency student - steward HF < LF
spelling-sound fear - bear (HF) HF Reg = HF Exc regularity hint - pint (LF) LF Reg < LF Exc
AoA rabbit - pepper early < late
concreteness insect - heaven concrete < abstract
emotion love - hate - farm Pos ? Neg ? Neu
HAPPY
HALLOWEEN?
Also, in collaboration with Dr. Hartmut Leuthold
Emotion words
ArousalHigh Low
ValencePositive cash (peace)
Negative pain (bored)
Neutral (noisy) rock
N1 (unsigned) Voltage
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Low High
Frequency
Voltage (µV)
PositiveNegativeNeutral
Emotion X Frequency interaction
Emotion words in reading
Her husband became because he drank too much.arousedviolentdelayed
Positive vs. Negative vs. Neutral X Frequencytarget word effectspost-target effects
Factors affecting word recognition
• Words in isolation
• Words in context
• Words across languages
Frequency X PredictabilityLexical Decision vs. Fixation Time
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Predictable Unpredictable
Context
Low-LD
High-LD
Low-reading
High-reading
Frequency X Contextual Predictability
Gillian was on the last mile of the women’s marathon. Shegrabbed a bottle of water from a spectator and drank it.
Although a rugby player, Clive struggled through the crowdat the bar carrying glasses of lager and bags of crisps.
HF-Pred
LF-Pred
Factors affecting word recognition
• Words in isolation
• Words in context
• Words across languages
Head-Modifier
Structure Head Modifier
Verb phrase verb object
Noun phrase noun adjectivenoun relative clause
prepositional preposition object of prep. phrase
Nouns & Adjectives in French & English
Comme prévu, le cycliste amateur a perdu la course. As expected, the amateur cyclist has lost the race.
Nouns & Adjectives in French & English
Robert remarqua la neige jaune près de l’arbre. Robert noticed the yellow snow next to the tree.
Vary word frequencies of N-A / A-N:
Hi-Hi, Hi-Lo, Lo-Hi, Lo-Lo
Vary plausibiltiy:
Lexical Decision RT
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
Low High
Frequency
RT (ms)
PositiveNegativeNeutral
N1 (unsigned) Voltage
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Low High
Frequency
Voltage (µV)
PositiveNegativeNeutral
Emotion X Frequency interaction
Also, in collaboration with Dr. Hartmut Leuthold
Lexical Decision(Stanovich & West, 1983)
550
600
650
700
750
800
Predictable Unpredictable
Context
LowHigh
Reading Time(Rayner et al., 2004)
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
Predictable Unpredictable
Context
LowHigh