woodwise - woodland management for sun-loving butterflies - autumn 2013
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
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Tooa TmsiCutufb ;738
Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws
Tooajcba fcbcdifibt `or sub-jovmbd kuttirmisKjicb Tooas5 nictn `rmtmjjcry Diordi Nibry Tooa5 nckmtct hrictmob Nicrtwooa5 nckmtct hrictmob & fobmtormbd Xhotjcba5 picrj-korairia
`rmtmjjcry & hniquiria slmppir Xoutn Icst Tooajcbas Wroeiht5picrj-korairia `rmtmjjcry & Auli o` Kurdubay Xtrcttob Tooa5 sfcjj kjui
Hoffc bortnicstwmjajm`i.ho.ul
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
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Tooajcba & Kuttir`mis
Tooajcba o``irs c hofpjixmty o` struhturi tnct
supports c wmai vcrmity o` spihmis, pirncps fori
tncb cby otnir tirristrmcj nckmtct mb tni YL.
Kuttirmis cri cfobd tni fost mhobmh o` tnisi, yit
fcby ncvi su``iria siviri aihjmbis mb rihibt tmfis.
Qnms ncs kiib jmblia to c arop o`` mb tni usi o`
wooas cba triis ky nufcbs.
Mb aihjmbi
Qni picrj-korairia `rmtmjjcry ncs aihjmbia mb
amstrmkutmob ky 44 pir hibt cba tni Auli o`
Kurdubay ky 09 pir hibt smbhi tni 3=47s. Kotn
cri hojobmsirs o` tni icrjy suhhissmobcj hobamtmobs
provmaia ky chtmvi fcbcdifibt, suhn cs hoppmhmbd.
Cs trcamtmobcj prchtmhis suhn cs tnms amia out, cba
mbaiia tni chtmvi fcbcdifibt o` wooas mb dibircjaihjmbia chross tni YL, fcby spihmis tnct kibit
`rof tnif ncvi su``iria.
Kuttirmis cri mbhricsmbdjy kimbd rihodbmsia cs
vcjuckji ihojodmhcj mbamhctors. Aui to tnimr snort
jm`i spcbs, `ooapjcbt spihmcjmsctmob, jmfmtia amspirscj
hcpckmjmtmis cba rijmcbhi ob hjmfctmh hobamtmobs, tniy
cri sibsmtmvi to ibvmrobfibtcj hncbdi cba richt
rcpmajy to mt. Qnms fclis tnif dooa riprisibtctmvis
o` tni i``ihts o` suhn hncbdi ob otnir spihmis.
Nckmtct biias
Kuttirmis cri acy-ymbd nijmopnmjis tnct riqumri
spihmh bmhni hobamtmobs cba `ooapjcbts to prospir,
kut tnisi hcb am``ir kitwiib spihmis. Chtmobs
tclib to kibit c sumti o` kuttirmis hcb ncvi
posmtmvi i``ihts ob fcby otnir pjcbts cba cbmfcjs mb
wooajcba cba otnir nckmtcts. Fost chtmobs mbvojvimbhricsmbd tni cfoubt o` subjmdnt cba `ooa sourhis
cvcmjckji to tnif.
Wichohl bortnicstwmjajm`i.ho.ul
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
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Ob tni otnir smai o` tni Jipmaoptirc crdufibt,
c rihibt stuaym snowia c jcrdi pirhibtcdi o`
wooajcba fchro-fotns cri `ouba mb tni acrlir
horis o` nmdn `orist nckmtcts. Cjtnoudn tni fceormty
o` tni rcri cba aihjmbmbd fotn spihmis wiri cjso mbtni fcbcdia crics, cs opposia to c jcrdi proportmob
o` fori dibircjmst fotns `ouba mb kotn tni jmdnt cba
tni acrlir crics. Fotns, jmli kuttirmis, cri hoja-
kjooaia cba aipiba ob ixtirbcj nict sourhis, kut
fost fotns cri bohturbcj cba ct bmdnt opib crics
josi tnimr nict fori qumhljy tncb tnosi ibhjosia ky
triis. Ky rifcmbmbd mb tni snijtir o` tni wooa mt ms
tnoudnt fotns utmjmsi tnct ritcmbia nict, wnirics
kuttirmis cri ckji to amrihtjy usi tni subs nictaurmbd tni acy so `cvour fori opib crics.
Kuttir`jy hobsirvctmob
Fcby hobsirvctmob ordcbmsctmobs worl to support
Jipmaoptirc, cba otnir pojjmbctors. Cfobd tnif
Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob ncs kiib tni strobdist vomhi
cba ncs worlia mb pcrtbirsnmp wmtn c drict fcby
otnirs, mbhjuambd tni Tooajcba Qrust, to sc`iducra
tni `uturi o` tni YLs kuttirmis cba fotns.
Qni `ojjowmbd hcsi stuamis spihmhcjjy `ohus ob
worl to ibncbhi priaofmbcbtjy sub-jovmbd kuttiry
cba fotn bufkirs tnct cri otnirwmsi mb rcpma
aihjmbi mb wooajcba. Torl suhn cs tnms hrictis c
fori vcrmia struhturi, c riqumrifibt tnct ncs kiib
aifobstrctia `or c rcbdi o` spihmis. Nowivir, tniri
ms c biia to hofkmbi acrlir, hori nckmtcts wmtn
jmdntir iadi cba opib spchi nckmtcts to sctms`y cjjwooajcba spihmis biias.
m Firhlx, Q., @ikir, [., Nocri, A., Wcrsobs, F., Lijjy,
H., Kourb, B. & FchAobcja, A. (;73;). Hobsirvmbd
tnrictibia Jipmaoptirc5 Qowcras cb i``ihtmvi
wooajcba fcbcdifibt pojmhy mb jcbashcpis ubair
mbtibsi nufcb jcba-usi. Kmojodmhcj Hobsirvctmob, 31=,
p8;-8=. nttp5//tnioiho.`h.uj.pt/pukjmhctmobs/
Firhlx_;73;_KmojHob.pa`
Kjicb Tooas nictn`rmtmjjcry
Qni Kjicb Tooas hofpjix ms c bitworl o` smtis mb
Libt, tni fceormty o` wnmhn cri owbia cba fcbcdiaky hobsirvctmob ordcbmsctmobs, suhn cs tni KjicbTooas Bctmobcj Bcturi [isirvi bicr Hcbtirkury,pcrtjy owbia ky tni Tooajcba Qrust, [XWK, BcturcjIbdjcba cba 8 Johcj Cutnormtmis. Qnms ms c fceor
strobdnoja `or tni nictn `rmtmjjcry kuttiry,Fijmtcic
ctncjmc, cba supports crouba 07 pir hibt o` tni YLpopujctmob. Mb `cht mt ms obi o` eust `our jcbashcpiswniri tnms spihmis hcb stmjj ki `ouba mb tni YL.Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob ncs kiib fobmtormbd tni
Kjicb `or tni spihmis smbhi 3=>7 cba ncs kumjt up csouba ihojodmhcj ubairstcbambd o` mts riqumrifibts.
Nictn rmtmjjcry kuttir`jy
Qni nictn `rmtmjjcry ms obi o` tni YLs fost
tnrictibia Jipmaoptirc, aihjmbmbd ky 48 pir hibtkitwiib 3=>1 cba ;771. Mb tni jcti 3=47s mt wcstnoudnt to ki hjosi to ixtmbhtmob cba hobsirvctmobi``orts wiri `ohusia ob privibtmbd tnms, ispihmcjjy cs
tni jcrdi kjui kuttiry,Fchujmbic crmob, wcs aihjcriao`hmcjjy ixtmbht mb tni YL mb 3=4=.
Nictn rmtmjjcry Hcrojmbi Kujfcb
http://theoeco.fc.ul.pt/publications/Merckx_2012_BiolCon.pdfhttp://theoeco.fc.ul.pt/publications/Merckx_2012_BiolCon.pdfhttp://theoeco.fc.ul.pt/publications/Merckx_2012_BiolCon.pdfhttp://theoeco.fc.ul.pt/publications/Merckx_2012_BiolCon.pdf -
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
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Mb tni soutn icst o` Ibdjcba tni nictn `rmtmjjcry mscssohmctia wmtn wooajcba hjicrmbds, rihibtjy huthoppmhi houpis cba crics o` rihibt hjicr`ijj. CtKjicb 97 pir hibt o` tni popujctmob usis fcbcdia
rmais, 19 pir hibt hoppmhi cba 9 pir hibt hjicr`ijj.Hoppmhi cba hjicr`ijj ms usia `or c snort tmfimffiamctijy `ojjowmbd fcbcdifibt (two or tnriiyicrs), ki`ori hobamtmobs kihofi too sncay.
Hctirpmjjcrs o` tni nictn `rmtmjjcry usucjjy `iia
ob hoffob how-wnict,Fijcfpyruf prctibsi,
cjtnoudn ohhcsmobcjjy dirfcbair spiiawijj, Pirobmhc
hncfciarys, cba rmkwort pjcbtcmb, Wjcbtcdo jcbhiojctc,cri ictib mb tni Kjicb. Qni kuttiry ncs kiib `ouba
to riqumri sfcjj rihibtjy hut houpis drictir tncb7.; nihtcris, wmtn c hobbihtmbd opib rmai bitworlcba cb ckubacbhi o` how-wnict.
Hobsirvctmob chtmob ct Kjicb
Jmli otnir kuttirmis, tni nictn `rmtmjjcry ncs su``iria
`rof c riauhtmob mb tni chtmvi fcbcdifibt o`wooas, ispihmcjjy c jchl o` hoppmhmbd. C pcrtbirsnmpproeiht wcs sit up kitwiib Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob
cba tni vcrmous ordcbmsctmobs or pukjmh koamistnct fcbcdi tni Kjicb Tooas hofpjix to stoppopujctmob aihjmbi o` tnms ibacbdiria kuttiry. Qni
cmf wcs to ibsuri hoorambctia chtmvi fcbcdifibto` smtis to support tnms tnrictibia spihmis.
Ichn yicr fobmtormbd ms hcrrmia out o` cjj ixtcbthojobmis `rof tni yicr ki`ori, cjj kjohls wniri biwfcbcdifibt ncs tclib pjchi ovir tni prihiambdwmbtir cba cby kjohls wniri fcbcdifibt ncstclib pjchi ovir tni jcst two yicrs kut ncvirifcmbia ubohhupmia. Ky rihorambd tni prisibhicba ckubacbhi o` how-wnict cb istmfcti o`nckmtct sumtckmjmty ms fcai. Qnms actc tnib `iiasmbto fcbcdifibt pjcbs to ibsuri c hobtmbuoussuhhissmob o` sumtckji nckmtct cba `ooapjcbts.
Qni YL Kmoamvirsmty Chtmob Wjcb tcrdit `or tni KjicbTooas hofpjix ms to fcmbtcmb ;9 hojobmis o` nictn
`rmtmjjcry kuttiry. Qncbls to tni proeiht, smbhi ;771tnms tcrdit ncs kiib ixhiiaia iviry yicr, wmtn 83
hojobmis kimbd rihoraia mb ;737. Qni aihjmbi o` tni
kuttiry ncs kiib ncjtia cba rivirsia, cba Kjicb
Tooas bufkirs ncvi bow posmtmvijy rihoviria to
pri-3=>7 jivijs.
Qni pcrtbirsnmp proeiht ncs kiib viry suhhiss`uj mb
rivirsmbd tni aihjmbi o` tni nictn `rmtmjjcry kuttiry
cba ibsurmbd mts survmvcj, cs wijj cs kibittmbd c
wnoji sumti o` otnir spihmis. Mt ms c jcrdi output
proeiht, kut ncs riqumria jow mbput `rof fost
stclinojairs (8 pir hibt o` tni ovircjj fcbcdifibt
kuadit), cba ms c drict ixcfpji o` wnct hcb ki
aobi wmtn jmttji risourhis to kibit wmjajm`i. Qni
proeiht ncs cjso nmdnjmdntia tni biia `or cbbucj
fobmtormbd `or aybcfmh spihmis tnct fovi tnroudntni jcbashcpi aui to hncbdmbd hobamtmobs.
Hoffob how-wnict TQWJ
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
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Diordi Nibry Tooa nckmtct hrictmobDiordi Nibry Tooa ms c 88 nihtcri (nc) `orfir
crckji kicb `mija tnct ncs kiib trcbs`orfia mbtoc tnrmvmbd foscmh o` biw bctmvi wooajcba cba
drcssjcba tncbls to tni mbhriamkjy dibirous jidchy
o` Diordi Nibry Xijjcrs to tni Tooajcba Qrust,
cba mbaiia tni fcby wmjajm`i cba piopji tnct ibeoy
mt. Diordis aismri to sncri nms pcssmob cba jovi o`
bcturi ncs jia to c wooaia spchi tnct ms c firi
377 fitris icst o` nms `orfir vmjjcdi o` Xtrittob.
Qni aismdb ncs provib to ki viry `cvourckji to
kuttir`jmis.
Xtrittob ncs c rmhn cdrmhujturcj nmstory tnct hcb ki
trchia kchl to tni 33tn hibtury. Qni fceormty o`
jcba surroubambd Xtrittob ormdmbcjjy kijobdia to c
rijctmvi o` Tmjjmcf tni Hobquiror cba wouja ncvi
kiib worlia ky tni vmjjcdirs. Ovir fcby hibturmis
Xtrittobs hoffubmty hobtmbuia to ki sij`-su``mhmibt
cba jmvia o`` tni jcba. Nowivir, mb tni fori rihibt
pcst hncbdis mb cdrmhujturi kroudnt cb iba to
sfcjjir jcbanojambds, wmtn niadirow koubacrmis
kimbd rifovia cba jcrdir `mijas kimbd hrictia.
Qrcbs`orfctmob
Diordi Nibry Tooas trcbsmtmob `rof cdrmhujturcj
`mija to cb istckjmsnia foscmh nckmtct rmhn mb
kmoamvirsmty wmjj ki c drcaucj prohiss. Chqumria mb
;770, tnms youbd smti ms objy mb mts icrjy stcdis cbaob-dombd pjcbbmbd cba fcbcdifibt ms biiaia to
ibsuri mt richnis mts `ujj potibtmcj. Qni ovircjj sncpi
wcs amhtctia ky tni `mija koubacry cba roca to tni
soutn. Ki`ori pjcbtmbd, tni Qrust biiaia to caariss
tni mssui o` aiir, smbhi c jcrdi bufkir wiri usmbd
tni poba cba houja ncvi acfcdia biwjy pjcbtia
scpjmbds cba sowb ficaows. Qnms wcs privibtia
ky irihtmbd c `ibhi tnct protihtia tni aismdbctia
crics kut stmjj cjjowia tni aiir chhiss to tni wctirsourhi.
Drcssjcba cba wmja`jowir ficaows
Wrmor to pjcbtmbd cby triis, 39 nc cjobd tni bortn
cba icst koubacrmis wiri sowb wmtn c fmxturi o`
drcss spihmis cba wmja`jowirs, tni spihmis fmx wcs
hcri`ujjy pjcbbia. Diordi Nibry Tooa smts ob c
kia o` Eurcssmh jmfistobi cba, `ojjowmbd hobsujtctmob
wmtn c rcbdi o` ixpirts, tni aihmsmob wcs fcai to
pjcbt spihmis sumtckji to jmfistobi hncjl drcssjcba.
Qni drouba wcs pjoudnia cba ncrrowia mbpripcrctmob `or tni siias. Mb tni crics aui to ki
pjcbtia wmtn triis, c fmx o` drcss spihmis wcs sowb.
Mb crics wniri bcturcj ridibirctmob wcs aismria,
cjobd tni rmais cba wooajcba iadis, wmja`jowir
siias wiri usia. Mt wcs aiifia to ki mfportcbt
to istckjmsn c dooa kcsmh drouba `jorc ki`ori
pjcbtmbd tni triis. Xpihmis wiri hnosib tnct wiri
bot too vmdorous cba wouja bot swcfp bcturcj
ridibirctmob.
@mija ojjowmbd pjcbtmbd
@mija ki`ori pjcbtmbd
TQWJ
TQWJ
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
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Qni mbhricsia jivijs o` `jorcj kmoamvirsmty ncvi nca
c pcrtmhujcrjy posmtmvi mfpcht ob johcj kuttir`jy
popujctmobs. Qni biw `jorc wcs qumhl to istckjmsn
cba tni `orfirjy fobotobi krowb `mijas cri bow
c rmhn driib kjcblit pippiria wmtn purpji, wnmti
cba yijjow `jowirs. Xivircj spihmis o` `jorc cri
hobsmairia maicj `or pojjmbctors cba ibaorsia ky
tni [oycj Nortmhujturcj Xohmity, mbhjuambd hoffob
vithn, Pmhmc sctmvc ssp. sctmvc, cba wmja hcrrot,Acuhus hcrotc. Qni mbhricsia hofpjixmty o` tni
smti o``irs kuttir`jmis tni amvirsi risourhis tniy
biia, mbhjuambd kcslmbd spots cba protihtmob `rof
priactors.
Qrii pjcbtmbd
Mb ;774, rismaibts cba fifkirs o` tni ixtibaia
hoffubmty wiri mbvmtia to pjcbt tni `mrst triis to
hovir tni rifcmbmbd 3> nc. Wjcbtmbd hmrhjis wiri
sprcyia wmtn djypnoscti nirkmhmai to hricti c sfcjj
cric o` kcri drouba `or triis to ki pjcbtia mbto.
Qnms ficbt tni triis wouja bot ki hofpitmbd `or
wctir cba root spchi wmtn viditctmob hjosi ky, kut
tni rist o` tni jcba wouja stmjj ki hoviria mb `jorc
cba tniri`ori wctir jost tnroudn ivcporctmob `rof
tni somj wcs riauhia.
Qni smti kibi`mtia `rof sivircj spihmis-rmhn niadiscjobd tni bortn cba icst koubacrmis, c Kmoamvirsmty
Chtmob Wjcb (KCW) nckmtct mb tni YL. Cjobdsmai
pjcbtmbd o` spihmis suhn cs `mija fcpji,Chir
hcfpistri, hoffob aodwooa, Horbus scbdumbic, cba
nczij, Horyjus cvijjcbc, bcturcj ridibirctmob o` triis
wcs ibhourcdia tnroudn tni usi o` siias `rof tni
oja ocl, Suirhus rokur, cba csn, @rcxmbus ixhijsmor,
triis tnct cjmdbia tni niadirows. Fcby triis o``ir
kuttir`jmis cba otnir mbsihts dooa pojjib/bihtcr
sourhis.
Drmzzjia slmppirs, Wyrdus fcjvci, cba ambdy slmppirs,
Irybbms tcdis, cri kotn prmormty kuttir`jy spihmis
ubair tni YL KCW cba wooajcba kuttir`jmis
o` hobhirb. @mrst spottia ob smti mb ;733, tnisi
tnrictibia spihmis cri kibi`mtmbd `rof mbhricsia
`ooa risourhis cba fori idd jcymbd opportubmtmis
cfobd tni wmja`jowir ficaows cba aivijopmbd
wooajcba. Otnir spihmis siib ob smti mbhjuai tni
driib ncmrstricl, Hcjjopnrys rukm. Qni prisibhi o` c
vcrmity o` kuttir`jmis ct tnms smti mbamhctis c nicjtny
ibvmrobfibt cba ihosystif, obi tnct wmjj hobtmbui
to mfprovi ovir tmfi.
Qnrii qucrtirs o` Krmtcmbs kuttir`jmis cri mb aihjmbi nc) o` ixmstmbd cbhmibt wooajcba ob smti. Qniri
wmjj cjso ki 37 nc o` shruk cba 4= nc o` drcssjcba
cba wmjaowir ficaows hrictia. Qnms wmjj risujt mb
c 814 nc nckmtct foscmh tnct wmjj kibit tni johcj
wmjajm`i cba hoffubmty.
@rof tni viry kidmbbmbd tni proeiht dctniria c
ticf o` aiamhctia vojubtiirs. Fobmtormbd o` c rcbdi
o` spihmis, mbhjuambd pjcbts, jmhnibs, fcffcjs, kmras
cba kuttirmis, kidcb wmtn strobd mbvojvifibt `rof
tni Nirt`orasnmri Bcturcj Nmstory Xohmity (NBNX).
Qnms mb`orfctmob wmjj hobtrmkuti to tni drowmbd
koay o` actc tnct snows now biw wooajcbasupports kmoamvirsmty cba tni hncbdis tnct ohhur cs
tni wooa fcturis.
Fobmtormbd o` kuttirmis ms kimbd hcrrmia out ky
Cbariw Xtiiji cba vojubtiirs `rof tni Nirts cba
Fmaajisix krcbhn o` Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob. Mbmtmcj
kcsijmbi surviys o` tni ixmstmbd wooajcba crics
cba crckji ijas wiri hcrrmia out mb ;77=. Qni
wooas, fostjy `orfir hoppmhi tnct nca bot kiib
hut `or fcby yicrs, wiri dibircjjy acrl cba ama bot
support dooa bufkirs o` kuttirmis. Nowivir, c
`iw kuttirmis wiri rihoraia mb tni sfcjj hjicrmbd
cba icst-wist rmai mb Tijj Tooa, cba tni pmt cric ct
tni soutn iba o` [ouba Tooa. Qni crckji ijas cjso
provia to ki poor `or kuttirmis.
Xmbhi suffir ;737, c sit trcbsiht (sii purpjiaottia jmbi ob fcp ovirjic`) ncs kiib ridujcrjy
wcjlia cba tni bufkir o` kuttirmis rihoraia usmbd
tni stcbacra Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob fobmtormbd
fitnoa (www.ulkfs.ord). Mt mbvojvis wcjlmbd tni
routi obhi iviry wiil `rof tni stcrt o` Cprmj ubtmj
tni iba o` Ohtokir cba rihorambd tni bufkir cba
spihmis o` kuttirmis. Qnms fitnoa ms pcrtmhujcrjy
mfportcbt `or cssissmbd tni hncbdi mb kuttiry
popujctmobs ovir tmfi cba tni risujts hcb kihofpcria wmtn kuttiry fobmtormbd mb tni rist o`
tni houbty.
Hoffob kjui bortnicstwmjajm`i.ho.ul
[ia cafmrcj bortnicstwmjajm`i.ho.ul
http://www.ukbms.org/http://www.ukbms.org/ -
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
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Mb ;737 cba ;733, ;; spihmis o` kuttiry wiri
rihoraia. Qniri wcs cb mbhricsi mb tni bufkir
o` fcrkjia wnmti,Fijcbcrdmc dcjctnic, Issix
slmppir, Qnyfijmhus jmbiojc, sfcjj slmppir, Qnyfijmhus
syjvistrms, ria cafmrcj, Pcbissc ctcjcbtc, hoffob
kjui, Wojyoffctus Mhcrus, cba purpji ncmrstricl,
Biozipnyrus quirhus, kuttirmis. Nowivir, c joss wcs
rihoraia `or popujctmobs o` sfcjj hoppir, Jyhcibc
pnjcics, pichohl,Cdjcms mo, cba hoffc, Wojydobmc
h-cjkuf. Bufkirs o` sofi spihmis pjuffitia mb
;73; aui to tni wit cba hoja suffir tni YL
ixpirmibhia.
Mb ;738 kuttirmis ovir tni wnoji Nicrtwooasmti ncvi kiib rihoraia obhi c fobtn usmbd tni
stcbacra wmair houbtrysmai fobmtormbd fitnoa
aivijopia ky Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob cba tni Krmtmsn
Qrust `or Orbmtnojody. Qnisi cri tni kjui routis
ob tni fcp cba cri tni scfi cs trcbsihts usia `or
kmra fobmtormbd. Cjtnoudn mt ms usi`uj to hojjiht jmsts
o` tni spihmis prisibt to mbhricsi lbowjiadi o` tni
smti, systifctmh spihmis fobmtormbd ms mfportcbt to
rihora hncbdi ovir tmfi cs tni nckmtct ivojvis.
Qni Nicrtwooa proeiht ms rihobbihtmbd `rcdfibtia
crics o` cbhmibt wooajcba, wnmhn wmjj cjjow
wooajcba orc to sprica. Nowivir, tnms fcy tcli
c jobd tmfi cs tni amspirscj rcti `or fcby pjcbts,
ispihmcjjy sofi cbhmibt wooajcba mbamhctors, ms viry
sjow. Cs tni biw wooajcba cba drcssjcba cricsfcturi cba aivijop tni rcbdi o` spihmis usmbd tnif
snouja mbhricsi ovir tmfi.
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9/16
Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
=
Xhotjcba picrj-korairia`rmtmjjcry & hniquiriaslmppir
Qni picrj-korairia rmtmjjcry (WK@), Kojormc
iupnrosybi, cba hniquiria slmppir, Hcrtirohipncjus
pcjcifob, kuttirmis cri two o` smx liy wooajcba
spihmis maibtmia ky @oristry Hoffmssmob Xhotjcba
(@HX) `or chtmob ubair tni Xhottmsn @oristry
Xtrctidy. Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob Xhotjcba (KHX) ncs
kiib worlmbd mb pcrtbirsnmp wmtn @HX to mfpjifibt
tni strctidy cba ibncbhi tni hobsirvctmob stctus o`
kotn spihmis.
Qni WK@ ms obi o` tni fost rcpmajy aihjmbmbd
kuttirmis mb Krmtcmb cba Mrijcba. Mb Krmtcmb, mts
rcbdi amfmbmsnia ky 03 pir hibt kitwiib tni two
rihorambd pirmoas o` 3=47-3=>; cba 3==9-;771.
Ct 88 pir hibt, tni aihjmbi mb Xhotjcba wcs fuhn
jiss tncb Ibdjcba cba Tcjis, cjtnoudn stmjj hcusi `or
hobhirb. Qnms jowir rcti o` aihjmbi mbhricsis tni
smdbmhcbhi o` tni Xhottmsn popujctmobs. Nowivir,
tni hurribt stctus o` WK@ mb Xhotjcba ms ubhjicr,
prmfcrmjy aui to ubair-rihorambd.
Mb tni YL, tni hniquiria slmppir ms objy `ouba
mb Xhotjcba, kihofmbd ixtmbht mb Ibdjcba mb 3=40,
cba objy ohhurs wmtnmb c ;9 fmji rcamus o` @ort
Tmjjmcf. Cs wmtn WK@, mts stctus ms cjso ubhjicr. Qnms
ms aui to c jchl o` rihorairs mb tni fori rifoti
pcrts o` Xhotjcba wniri tni kuttiry ohhurs, tnisnort surviy pirmoa cba tni vcdcrmis o` tni Xhottmsn
wictnir. Mt ms cjso icsmjy ovir-joolia, cs snowb ky mt
objy kimbd amshoviria mb Xhotjcba mb 3=8=.
Bctmobcj surviy istckjmsnia
Mb ;73; KHX hoorambctia c bctmobcj surviy o` tni
hniquiria slmppir. Qni cmf wcs to tcrdit rihorambd
mb 377 3lf squcris tnct wiri priamhtia, tnroudn
hofputir foaijjmbd, to ki tni fost sumtckji `or tni
kuttiry mb Xhotjcba, kut wniri mt nca bot privmousjy
kiib rihoraia. Qni surviy spcrlia jots o` mbtiristcba ovir 97 vojubtiirs tool pcrt. Qnms risujtia
mb 1= surviy vmsmts to squcris, wmtn tni kuttiry
kimbd rihoraia mb ovir 17 pir hibt o` vmsmts. Out
o` tni 377 tcrditia, 80 squcris wiri surviyia cba
hniquiria slmppirs `ouba mb 39 o` tnif.
Mt wcs cjso rihoraia mb cb caamtmobcj 39 biw 3lf
squcris, wniri mt wcs bot privmousjy rihoraia
tnisi squcris wiri bot pcrt o` tni tcrditia 377squcris. Qni risujts hjicrjy aifobstrcti now
ovirjoolia cba ubair-rihoraia tni kuttiry
rifcmbs. Qni surviy wcs ripictia tnms yicr (;738)
cba `urtnir biw squcris amshoviria, kut tni `ujj
risujts cri bot yit cvcmjckji.
Kotn kuttirmis cri sprmbd spihmis o` wooajcba
iadis or hjicrmbds. Qni WK@ riqumris subby,
snijtiria smtis, borfcjjy soutn-`chmbd nmjjsmais, cs
Wicrj-korairia rmtmjjcry Fmhncij Lrcbiwmttir
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
37
kotn tni caujt cba hctirpmjjcr riqumri viry wcrf
fmhro-hjmfctis. @cvouria smtis tiba to ncvi snort
viditctmob cba jmdnt krchlib, Wtirmamuf cqumjmbuf,
hovir, kotn vmtcj `or provmambd caamtmobcj wcrftn.
Qni hctirpmjjcrs prmfcry `ooapjcbt ms hoffob aod-
vmojit, Pmojc rmvmbmcbc, cjtnoudn ohhcsmobcjjy fcrsn
vmojit, Pmojc pcjustrms, ms usia.
Qni hniquiria slmppir tibas to ki `ouba mb acfpir
wooajcba kut cjso riqumris subby, snijtiria smtis,
usucjjy soutn-`chmbd, cs tni caujts cba jcrvci riqumri
wcrf, cjfost nufma fmhro-hjmfctis. Xmtis cri usucjjy
kijow ;77f. Qnms spihmis riqumris purpji foor-
drcss,Fojmbmc hcirujic, cs tnms ms tni hctirpmjjcrs fcmb,
m` bot soji, `ooapjcbt mb Xhotjcba.
Mfportcbt ibvmrobfibtcj mbamhctors
Kuttirmis cri wmaijy ridcraia cs sibsmtmvi
ibvmrobfibtcj mbamhctors, kimbd usia to cssiss
`chtors suhn cs hjmfcti hncbdi cba jcba usi pojmhmis.
Qniy fcli maicj mbamhctor spihmis cs tniy ncvi
cbbucj jm`i-hyhjis cba richt qumhljy to hncbdi,
pcrtmhujcrjy hofpcria to kmras cba otnir jcrdir
`orfs o` wmjajm`i. Kuttirmis cjso usi tni jcbashcpict c bi shcji, so hncbdis mb jcba usi cba `crfmbd
prchtmhis ncvi rcpma mfpchts ob tnif. Qniri`ori
bufkirs ob mbamvmaucj smtis hcb ki usia to cssiss
tni i``ihts o` jcba fcbcdifibt.
Fori mfportcbtjy tniri cri tistia, icsy to usi
fitnoas to houbt cba fobmtor kuttirmis. Qnisi cri
hoorambctia tnroudn tni YL Kuttiry Fobmtormbd
Xhnifi rub ky Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob cba tni
Hibtri `or Ihojody cba Nyarojody (www.ulkfs.
ord). C kuttiry trcbsiht ms tni fost rokust
fitnoa. Kuttirmis cri rihoraia cjobd c xia
routi o` 3-8lf, usucjjy spjmt mbto sihtmobs chhorambd
to jcbashcpi or nckmtct `icturis. Kuttirmis cri
houbtia mb cb mfcdmbcry kox (9x9x9f) iviry wiilubair prishrmkia wictnir hobamtmobs (ckovi 34H,
or 3834 H mb subby wictnir, wmba jiss tncb 0 ob
tni Kicu`ort shcji, cba bo rcmb). Qni risujts hricti
cb mbaix o` ckubacbhi `or ichn spihmis rihoraia,
dmvmbd cb ovircjj triba, or mbamhctor.
Cbotnir usi`uj fitnoa ms c tmfia houbt. Mt riqumris
jiss hoffmtfibt cs objy obi ms riqumria mb sumtckji
wictnir hobamtmobs aurmbd tni spihmis mdnt pirmoa.
Qnms worls kist wniri tni hojoby ohhupmis cb
icsmjy aibckji cric. Qni rihorair wcjls mb c zmdzcd
`csnmob, ivibjy hovirmbd tni cric cba houbtmbd
mbamvmaucjs ovir c xia tmfi pirmoa, usucjjy kitwiib
9 cba 07 fmbutis. Qnms dmvis c rijctmvi aibsmty pir
nour, i.d. smx WK@ pir nihtcri pir nour.
Mb tni ;73; surviy, aispmti poor wictnir,fobmtormbd (fostjy vmc tmfia houbts cba smbdji
spihmis trcbsihts) wcs ubairtclib ct 14 smtis `or
WK@ cba 81 `or hniquiria slmppir. Qni risujts o`
tnms mbhricsia fobmtormbd wmjj provmai cb ixhijjibt
kcsijmbi `or rihorambd mb `uturi yicrs. Qnms wmjj
cjso nijp to aitirfmbi m` tni smti cavmhi, dmvib ky
KHX, cba risujtmbd fcbcdifibt ob tni B@I cba ky
prmvcti jcbaowbirs ms ibncbhmbd tni nckmtct `or kotn
kuttirmis.
Hniquiria slmppir Ncrcja Xpi
http://www.ukbms.org/http://www.ukbms.org/http://www.ukbms.org/http://www.ukbms.org/ -
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11/16
Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
33
Xoutn Icst TooajcbasWroeiht picrj-korairia`rmtmjjcry & Auli o` Kurdubay
Qni Xoutn Icst Tooajcbas (XIT) proeiht (;774-
;733) wcs c suhhiss`uj mbmtmctmvi spicrnicaia ky
Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob, wmtn c rcbdi o` pcrtbirs
mbhjuambd tni Tooajcba Qrust, cba hovirmbd c fcssmvi
>8,903 nihtcris (nc). Torlmbd ct c jcbashcpi shcji
mb Libt (Aibdi Tooas 83,;98 nc), Icst Xussix
([otnir Tooas 81,=19 nc) cba tni Ncfpsnmri/
Tmjtsnmri korair (Qytnirjiy Tooas 34,808 nc),
tni proeiht soudnt to rivirsi tni aihjmbi o` c sumti
o` prmormty kuttiry cba fotn spihmis, mbhjuambd tni
picrj-korairia `rmtmjjcry, Kojormc iupnrosybi, Auli
o` Kurdubay, Ncficrms juhmbc, ambdy slmppir, Irybbms
tcdis, cba drmzzjia slmppir,Wyrdus fcjvci.
Kuttirmis cri dooa ibvmrobfibtcj mbamhctors cba
hcb riprisibt tni nicjtn o` wooajcba nckmtcts cba
tni wmair wmjajm`i tnct popujcti tnif. C liy mssui`or spihmis cvourmbd icrjy suhhissmobcj cba fori
opib wooajcba nckmtcts ncs kiib tni aihjmbi mb
chtmvi fcbcdifibt o` wooas chross tni YL aurmbd
tni jcst hibtury. Qnms ncs risujtia mb tni hjosmbd ovir
o` tnisi crics.
Kuttir`jmis mb hrmsms
Xmbhi tni 3=47s tni picrj-korairia `rmtmjjcry (WK@)kuttiry ncs aihjmbia ky 44 pir hibt chross tni YL,
cba tni Auli o` Kurdubay (AoK) ky 09 pir hibt.
Aurmbd tni hoursi o` tni proeiht kotn kuttirmis
wiri fobmtoria ob tnimr lbowb smtis cba sicrhnia
`or mb cjj sumtckji nckmtcts. Kotn spihmis biia subby,
snijtiria nckmtcts wniri tnimr jcrvcj `ooapjcbts
drow mb hobamtmobs sumtckji `or tnimr hctirpmjjcrs< WK@
riqumris hoffob aod-vmojit, Pmojc rmvmbmcbc, wnirics
AoK biias prmfrosi, Wrmfujc vujdcrms, or howsjmp,
Wrmfujc virms.
Auli o` Kurdubay Bimj Nujfi
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12/16
Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
3;
Nmstormhcjjy tnisi kuttirmis wiri cssohmctia wmtn
hoppmhia smtis, kut `iw o` tnisi cri bow chtmvijy
fcbcdia cs suhn. Fori rihibtjy WK@ ncs kiib
strobdjy cssohmctia wmtn krchlib, Wtirmamuf cqumjmbuf,
mb wooajcba hjicrmbds cba rmais, cba mb tni icrjy
ridibirctmob stcdis o` hobm`ir hjicr`ijj. Tnirics
AoK ms `ouba mb pirfcbibt, shruk-rmhn wooajcba
hjicrmbds cba rmai iadis, cba kotn spihmis stmjj
survmvi mb c `iw chtmvijy fcbcdia hoppmhi smtis.
Jcbashcpi shcji chtmob
Qni ovircjj cmfs o` tni jcbashcpi shcji XIT proeiht
wiri to5
3. Wrofoti kist prchtmhi wooajcba fcbcdifibt`or c kroca sumti o` spihmis, mb orair to mbhricsi
fcbcdifibt chross tni jcbashcpi cba mfprovi
kmoamvirsmty.
;. Qcrdit spihmcjmsia nckmtct fcbcdifibt `or liy
spihmis, i.d. WK@ cba AoK, kumja nckmtct bitworls
cba mbhricsi johcj popujctmobs.
8. Ibdcdi hoffubmtmis mb johcj hobsirvctmob chtmob
cba chtmvi vojubtiirmbd to kibit wooajcba
kmoamvirsmty.
Xupportia ky `ubairs mbhjuambd tni Nirmtcdi Jottiry
@uba cba tni Qukbiy Hncrmtckji Qrust, Kuttiry
Hobsirvctmob dcvi rii cavmhi cba fcbcdifibt
cssmstcbhi tnroudnout tni proeiht. Qni proeiht
o`hirs worlia hjosijy wmtn pcrtbir ordcbmsctmobs,
jcba owbirs/fcbcdirs cba tni pukjmh to pjcb cba
mfpjifibt sustcmbckji wooajcba fcbcdifibt.
Qniy `ouba tnct tniri wcs drict wmjjmbdbiss, cfobd
c rcbdi o` cuamibhis, to worl towcras mfprovmbd
wooajcba kmoamvirsmty wnib caiqucti mb`orfctmob
cba support wcs provmaia. Qni proeiht cjso joolia
kiyoba tni wooajcba iadi to hovir bob-wooajcba
nckmtcts suhn cs drcssjcba cba `crfjcba.
Bufirous fcbcdifibt tihnbmquis wiri usia to
mbhricsi wooajcba struhturcj amvirsmty chross tni
proeiht cric. Nckmtcts wiri ristoria or hrictiatnroudn c rcbdi o` chtmvmtmis5 airijmht hoppmhi wcs
hjicria, bob-bctmvi hobm`ir pjcbtctmobs `ijjia, rmais
wmaibia, hjicrmbds hut cba drczia, shruk fcbcdiacba aiir wiri hobtrojjia. Qnms provmaia c bitworl
o` opib, subby hjicrmbds, wmai rmais, fcturi
wooajcba, shruk o` vcrymbd cdis, ridibirctmbd
wooajcba cba hoppmhi.
Qni Tooajcba Qrusts Aibdi cba Wibbypot Tooa
(1=.4 nc), Libt, wcs mbhjuaia mb tni proeiht. Qnms
smti nca kibittia `rof tni hrictmob o` c jcrdi
hmrhujcr tnrii zobi wmai rmai nckmtct mb tni fma-3==7s, tncbls to c @oristry Hoffmssmob Kuttiry
Hncjjibdi Drcbt. Qni XIT proeiht ibckjia tni Qrust
to ribi cba mfprovi tnms cric, cs wijj cs provmambd
c `ubambd stricf to hoppmhi crics o` shruk cba
ubihobofmh hoppmhi crouba cb mfportcbt AoK
hojoby, kuttiry bufkirs ncvi rispobaia viry
posmtmvijy. Mt cjso hrictia wmai rmai nckmtct jmbls
tnct hobbihtia bimdnkourmbd wooas wmtnmb tni
Aibdi hofpjix cba mts rmai bitworl. C pcrtbirsnmphobtmbuis kitwiib tni Tooajcba Qrust cba
Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob wniri vojubtiirs fobmtor
tni smti ichn yicr cba provmai `iiakchl to nijp
dumai `uturi worl.
Cbotnir Qrust wooa, Kriai Nmdn Tooas,
hobtrmkutia to tni [otnir Tooas ijifibt o` tni
proeiht mb Icst Xussix. Cavmhi cba vojubtiir support
wcs provmaia to ibncbhi tni prodrcffi o` rmaiwmaibmbd cba hoppmhmbd o` norbkicf. Qnms proauhia
cb opib subby horrmaor tnroudn tni wooa,
AoK jcrvc mb ridibirctmbd hoppmhi Acb Nocri
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
38
hobbihtmbd tni rmai bitworl to c rifbcbt o` drcssy
ficaow. Xmjvir-wcsnia rmtmjjcry,Crdybbms pcpnmc,
wnmti cafmrcj, Jmfibmtms Hcfmjjc, cba drmzzjia slmppir
wiri cfobd tni kuttirmis to kibit `rof tnms. Qni
wooa wcs cjso usia cs c aifobstrctmob smti, nostmbd
worlsnops `or jcba fcbcdirs cba c jcrdi `cfmjy
`ub acy cttibaia ky 387 piopji, cs wijj cs fotntrcppmbd ivibts cba dumaia wcjls.
Wosmtmvi outhofis
Ct tni iba o` tni proeiht nckmtct hobamtmob nca
mfprovia ct 307 smtis, wmtn 48 pir hibt o` cjj
wooajcba smtis fobmtoria snowmbd ivmaibhi o`
chtmvi fcbcdifibt. Qni fost `riquibt `orf o`
fcbcdifibt `ohusia ob rmai wmaibmbd cba huttmbd,
kut hoppmhmbd cba tnmbbmbd wiri cjso hoffob.
Qni proeihts `ubambd fihncbmsfs wiri5
Ihobofmh `oristry tnroudn scjis o` tmfkir,
riwooa, wooahnmp, hncrhocj cba hoppmhi
proauhts.
Drcbt cma `rof tni @oristry Hoffmssmob
Ibdjcbas Ibdjmsn Tooajcba Drcbt Xhnifi
997l wcs cjjohctia to smti fcbcdifibttnroudnout tni proeiht.
Drcbt cma `rof Bcturcj Ibdjcba vmc tni Ibtry
Jivij Xtiwcrasnmp cba Nmdnir Jivij Xtiwcrasnmp
shnifis `or bob-wooajcba nckmtcts.
@ubambd `rof tni Jcbajj Hoffubmtmis @uba
(XMQC Qrust, ith.) cba tni Nmdn Ticja COBKXustcmbckji Aivijopfibt @uba 380l hcfi
`rof tnisi sourhis.
Amriht `ubambd `rof sofi jcbaowbirs.
@orty vojubtiir hobsirvctmob worl pcrtmis cba c
totcj o` 37>7 acys proeiht mbvojvifibt wcs dmvib
`riijy ky vojubtiirs, mbhjuambd wmjajm`i surviys
cba rubbmbd ivibts `or tni pukjmh, totcjjmbd cb
iqumvcjibt o` >4l mb jckour.
Mb tni Aibdi Tooas jcbashcpi objy 33 AoK
mbamvmaucjs wiri rihoraia ob two smtis mb ;774.
Wosmtmvijy, ky ;737 348 mbamvmaucjs wiri rihoraia
chross tib am``iribt smtis, mbhricsmbd `rof two
ohhupmia 3 lf squcris to bmbi. Cjtnoudn tnms
mbhricsi wcs mb pcrt aui to two privmousjy
ubrihoraia hojobmis kimbd amshoviria, mt wcs
cjso tncbls to mfprovifibts mb fcbcdifibt
cba hojobmsctmob o` ristoria crics cba wooajcbahrictmob smtis kroudnt ckout ky tni XIT proeiht.
Kitwiib ;774 cba ;77>, 30 biw pcthnis o` nckmtct
wiri hrictia `or WK@ mb tni Qytnirjiy Tooas
jcbashcpi. Tmtnmb `our yicrs tnisi nca cjricay
provmaia sumtckji kriiambd nckmtct cba 49 pir hibt
o` tnif nca kiib hojobmsia ky WK@. Qnisi crics
cjso qumhljy supportia bufkirs o` otnir mfportcbt
wooajcba kuttiry spihmis, suhn cs AoK, sfcjjpicrj-korairia `rmtmjjcry, Kojormc sijibi, ambdy slmppir,
crdibt &sckji, [niufcptirc ncstcti, cba arck joopir,
Fmboc furmbctc.
Liy jissobs
Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob `ouba tni liy jissobs `rof
tni XIT proeiht wiri5
M` dmvib mb`orfctmob cba support, c smdbmhcbtcba rihiptmvi cuamibhi o` jcba cba wooajcba
Tooajcba hjicrmbd ct Aibdi supportmbd AoK Acb Nocri
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
31
fcbcdirs cba pro`issmobcjs, cba tni dibircj
pukjmh cri wmjjmbd to dit mbvojvia mb mfprovmbd
wooajcba kmoamvirsmty.
Hofkmbmbd mb`orfctmob aijmviry, tcrditia drcbt
cma cba support `or ihobofmh `oristry hcbmbhricsi wooajcba fcbcdifibt ob c arcfctmh
shcji. Nowivir, ihobofmh `oristry cjobi hcbbot
aijmvir tni nmdnist qucjmty nckmtct.
Qnrictibia spihmis hcb rispoba qumhljy to
mfprovifibts mb wooajcba fcbcdifibt,
provmambd mt aijmvirs sumtckji nckmtct bitworls.
Qni roji o` c proeiht o`hir hcb ki viry
kibihmcj mb chtmbd cs c nuk to ubmti ixmstmbd jcba
fcbcdifibt fihncbmsfs.
Wcrtbirsnmp worlmbd cba ixpirtmsi sncrmbd cri
nmdnjy kibihmcj.
Pojubtiirs cri mbvcjuckji mb aijmvirmbd c
suhhiss`uj proeiht wmtn jmfmtia risourhis.
Qnms ms c strobd foaij `or otnir jcbashcpi shcji
proeihts, hofkmbmbd ixtibsmvi nckmtct hrictmob wmtn
tcrditia fcbcdifibt `or tni fost tnrictibiaspihmis, wmtn fobmtormbd ky vojubtiirs to ficsuri
wmjajm`i rispobsis.
Xtrcttob Tooa sfcjj kjui
Xtrcttob Tooa ms c 98.4 nihtcri (nc) Tooajcba Qrust
wooa, johctia ct tni bortn-icstirb iadi o` Xwmbaob,
rmdnt kismai tni C13=. Qni smtis jcyout hrictis c
foscmh o` bctmvi krocajicvia wooajcba, ficaows
cba drcssjcba. Aispmti mts hjosi proxmfmty to c fceor
hoffutmbd routi, Xtrcttob pjcys nost to bufirous
spihmis o` kuttiry, mbhjuambd our tmbmist rismaibt tni
sfcjj kjui, Hupmao fmbmfus.
Xmti diojody
Xfcjj kjuis cri c Kmoamvirsmty Chtmob Wjcb spihmis
tnct typmhcjjy riquibt hncjl cba jmfistobi drcssjcbas77 fitris rof tni ibtrcbhi.Ormdmbcjjy ji`t ubpjcbtia aui to smdbs o` crhnciojodmhcj
mbtirist, Xtrcttobs istckjmsnia ficaows hovir cb cric
o` cpproxmfctijy 9 nc cba o``ir ooa cba snijtir to
fcby am``iribt tcxc. Qni smtis cri ormstmhcjjy amvirsi
cba hobtcmb fcby dibirous bihtcr provmairs mbhjuambd
fusl fcjjow,Fcjvc foshnctc, ficaow hrcbiskmjj,
Dircbmuf pritibsi, cba ficaow kuttirhup, [cbubhujus
chrms.
Qni fiajiy o` bi drcssis cba wmjaowirs hrictis
opportubi nckmtct `or drouba bistmbd kmras, cs wijj
cs ckubacbt ooa sourhis or kiis cba kuttirmis. Mb
Xfcjj kjui jcrvc TQWJ
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7/29/2019 WoodWise - Woodland Management for Sun-Loving Butterflies - Autumn 2013
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
39
picl sicsob fcby spihmis o` kuttiry mbhjuambd tni
driib-vimbia wnmti,Wmirms bcpm, dctiliipir,Wyrobmc
tmtnobus, hoffc,Wojydobmc h-cjkuf, cba jcrdi wnmti,
Wmirms krcssmhci, hcb cjj ki oksirvia ri`uijjmbd ob tni
wmjaowirs cs tniy trcvij crouba tni smti.
Qni kuttirmis cri bot eust hobbia to tni ficaows
ct Xtrcttob< tni foscmh-jmli bcturi o` tni smti cba
mbhricsia cfoubt o` iadi nckmtct ibsuris vmsmtors ncvi
c dooa hncbhi o` siimbd kuttirmis cjobd tni bitworl
o` pctns cba kroca rmais. Qo `urtnir ibncbhi nckmtct
nitirodibimty cba profoti kmoamvirsmty biw shrcpis
wiri fchnmbi aud mb Eubi ;738. Qnisi sicsobcj pobas
cba tnimr cssohmctia pjcbt jm`i, kcrijy tnrii fobtns oja,
ncvi cjricay stcrtia cttrchtmbd c pjitnorc o` mbsihts.
@uturi pjcbs
Qnms cutufb tni Qrust ms worlmbd mb pcrtbirsnmp wmtn
Tmjtsnmri Tmjajm`i Qrusts Tmjtsnmri cba Xwmbaob
@ooa Hncfpmobs Johcj @ooa Wroeiht cs wijj cs wmtn
Xwmbaob Koroudn Houbhmj to pjcbt c sfcjj orhncra. Qni
orhncra wmjj caa to tni amvirsmty o` nckmtcts obsmti, cs
wijj cs ibdcdmbd johcj piopji wmtn tni smti tnroudn tniistckjmsnfibt cba fcmbtibcbhi o` tni triisi cs wijj
cs kibitmbd `rof tni `rumt mb `uturi yicrs. C bufkir
o` johcj Tmjtsnmri cppji vcrmitmis mbhjuambd hijt, horsjiy
pmppmb cba hnormstor koy cs wijj cs hnirry,Wrubus spp.
pjuf,Wrubus spp. cba qumbhi,Hyaobmc okjobdc cri kimbd
pjcbtia. Qni prisibhi o` pojjmbctors suhn cs kuttirmis
cba kiis wmjj ki c hrmtmhcj hofpobibt `or c nicjtny
ncrvist cba mb ixhncbdi `or pojjmbctmob tni owirmbd
`rumt triis wmjj provmai cb caamtmobcj ooa sourhi to
tnisi mbsihts.
Aui to Xtrcttobs sticay mbhricsi mb kuttiry bufkirs
ovir tni yicrs trcbsiht surviys cri bow mb prohiss
tncbls to aiamhctia vojubtiir, Dio`` Tnmttji, wmtn
tni rst riport aui mffmbibtjy. [ihoras jmli tnms
cma ubairstcbambd o` kuttiry amstrmkutmob cba hcb
nmdnjmdnt tni nicjtn o` spihmis popujctmobs, pcrtmhujcrjy
tnosi o` hobsirvctmob hobhirb cs wijj cs nijp mb`orf
aihmsmobs tclib ridcrambd tni fcbcdifibt o` tni smti
cs c wnoji.Dctiliipir Ncbbcn Hoji
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7/29/2019 WoodWise - Woodland Management for Sun-Loving Butterflies - Autumn 2013
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Tooa Tmsi Tooajcba Hobsirvctmob Biws Cutufb ;738
Iamtor5 Lcy Ncw (Tooajcba Qrust)
Hobtrmkutors5 Acvma Kobscjj (Tooajcba Qrust), Bmdij Kourb (Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob), Ncbbcn Hoji
(Tooajcba Qrust), Acb Nocri (Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob), Irmh Wortir (Tooajcba Qrust), Qof Wrishott
(Kuttiry Hobsirvctmob Xhotjcba), Jmbac Xfmtn (Nirt`orasnmri Bcturcj Nmstory Xohmity), Xcrcn Xtikkmbd
(Tooajcba Qrust), Cbariw Xtiiji (Tooajcba Qrust), Hjmvi Xtiwcra (Tooajcba Qrust)
Aismdbir5 Xmfob Nmthnhohl (Tooajcba Qrust)
Fcrkjia wnmti bortnicstwmjajm`i.ho.ul
Qni Tooajcba Qrust, Lifptob Tcy, Drcbtncf, Jmbhojbsnmri BD83 0JJ.
Qni Tooajcba Qrust ms c hncrmty ridmstiria mb Ibdjcba cba Tcjis bo. ;=1811 cba mb Xhotjcba bo. XH78>>>9.
C bob-prot fclmbd hofpcby jmfmtia ky ducrcbtii. [idmstiria mb Ibdjcba bo. 3=>;>48. Qni Tooajcba Qrust jodo
ms c ridmstiria trcaifcrl. 9389 7;/3;