wood construction: connections - texas a&m...
TRANSCRIPT
S2016abn Wood Connections 1
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
fifteen
wood construction:
connections
lecture
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES:
FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN
ARCH 614
DR. ANNE NICHOLS
SPRING 2016
S2016abn Wood Connections 2
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Connectors
• joining
– lapping
– interlocking
– butting
• mechanical
– “third-elements”
• transfer load at a point, line or surface
– generally more than a point due to stresses
S2016abn Wood Connections 3
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Wood Connectors
• adhesives
– used in a controlled environment
– can be used with nails
• mechanical
– bolts
– lag bolts or lag screws
– nails
– split ring and
shear plate connectors
– timber rivets
S2016abn
• mechanical
Wood Connections 4
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Wood Connections
S2016abn Wood Connections 5
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
• connected members in tension cause
shear stress
• connected members in
compression cause
bearing stress
Bolted Joints
S2016abn Wood Connections 6
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Tension Members
• members with holes have reduced area
• increased tension stress
• Ae is effective net area
ee
tA
Tor
A
Pf
S2016abn Wood Connections 7
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Effective Net Area
• likely path to “rip” across
• bolts divide transferred force too
S2016abn Wood Connections 8
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
• seen when 2 members are connected
Single Shear
4
2dv
P
A
Pf
S2016abn Wood Connections 9
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
• seen when 3 members are connected
Double Shear
4
2
22
2 dv
P
A
P
A
Pf
)2
(20 PPF
S2016abn Wood Connections 10
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
• compression & contact
• stress limited
by species &
grain direction
to load
• projected area
Bearing Stress
td
P
A
Pf
projected
p
F=
S2016abn Wood Connections 11
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Bolted Joints
• twisting
• tear out
– shear strength
– end distance & spacing Taylor & Line 2002
www.timber.org.au
S2016abn Wood Connections 12
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Nailed Joints
• tension stress (pullout)
• shear stress nails presumed to share
load by distance from centroid of nail
pattern
S2016abn Wood Connections 13
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Nailed Joints
• sized by pennyweight units / length
• embedment length
• dense wood, more capacity
*NDS
S2016abn Wood Connections 14
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
• plates with
– nails
– rivets
– bolts
• splices
• V from beam load
related to Vlongitudinal
Connectors Resisting Beam Shear
x
y
ya
4”
2”
2”
12”
8” p
p p
4.43”
I
VQ
p
V allongitudin
pI
VQnF
areaconnected
connector
S2016abn Wood Connections 15
Lecture 15
Elements of Architectural Structures
ARCH 614
Vertical Connectors
• isolate an area with vertical interfaces
pI
VQnF
areaconnected
connector
p p
p