won taek lee, m.d., ph.d. limbic system. affectivebehavioremotionjoyanddespair

Won Taek LeeWon Taek Lee, M.D., Ph.D, M.D., Ph.D..

Limbic SystemLimbic System

AffectiveAffectiveBehaviorBehavior

EmotionEmotion

JoyJoyandandDespairDespair

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Concept of Limbic SystemConcept of Limbic System

Broca (1877) - ‘La Grand Lobe Limbique’Broca (1877) - ‘La Grand Lobe Limbique’

Papez (1937) - ‘Limbic Circuit’ - emotionPapez (1937) - ‘Limbic Circuit’ - emotion

MacLean (1952) - ‘Limbic System’ - visceral brainMacLean (1952) - ‘Limbic System’ - visceral brain

Nauta (1972) - ‘Septo-hypothalamo-mesencephalic continuum’Nauta (1972) - ‘Septo-hypothalamo-mesencephalic continuum’

JAMES PAPEZ (1883-1958)

PAUL BROCA (1824-1880)

Paul D. MacLean (1913- )Paul D. MacLean (1913- )

Limbic SystemLimbic System

- term of - term of Paul MacLeanPaul MacLean (1952) (1952)

- - Visceral BrainVisceral Brain

- - triune concepttriune concept of brain evolution of brain evolution

HypothalamusHypothalamus

Nucleus accumbensNucleus accumbens

amygdaloid nuclear complexamygdaloid nuclear complex

orbitofrontal cortexorbitofrontal cortex

Some psychiatric implications onSome psychiatric implications onphysiological studies on fronto-physiological studies on fronto-temporal portions of limbic systemtemporal portions of limbic system(visceral brain). Electroencephalogr(visceral brain). ElectroencephalogrClin Neurophysiol 4: 407-418, 1952Clin Neurophysiol 4: 407-418, 1952

Septo-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic Continuum

Main Components of Limbic System Main Components of Limbic System Main Components of Limbic System Main Components of Limbic System

SeptalSeptal RegionRegion

SeptalSeptal RegionRegion HypothalamusHypothalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus

LimbicLimbicMidbrainMidbrain

AreaArea

LimbicLimbicMidbrainMidbrain

AreaArea

HippocampalHippocampalFormationFormation


OlfactoryOlfactoryCortexCortex


AmygdaloidAmygdaloidNuclearNuclear

ComplexComplex

AmygdaloidAmygdaloidNuclearNuclear

ComplexComplex

SpinalSpinalCordCord

&&BrainBrainStemStem

SpinalSpinalCordCord

&&BrainBrainStemStem

Limbic System

ExpressionExpression

of Emotionof Emotion

Septo-Septo-

hypothalamo-hypothalamo-

mesencephalicmesencephalic

continuumcontinuum

Components of the Limbic System (I)Components of the Limbic System (I)Components of the Limbic System (I)Components of the Limbic System (I)

TELENCEPHALONTELENCEPHALON Limbic LobeLimbic Lobe Gyrus FornicatusGyrus Fornicatus Cingulate GyrusCingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal GyrusParahippocampal Gyrus Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation HippocampusHippocampus Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus SubiculumSubiculum Hippocampal RudimentsHippocampal Rudiments Fasciolar GyrusFasciolar Gyrus Indusium GriseumIndusium Griseum

Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)

- Piriform Lobe- Piriform Lobe

Prepiriform CortexPrepiriform Cortex

Periamygdaloid CortexPeriamygdaloid Cortex

Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex

Basal Forebrain AreaBasal Forebrain Area Substantia InnominataSubstantia Innominata Basal Nucleus of MeynertBasal Nucleus of Meynert Ventral PallidumVentral Pallidum Nucleus Accumbens (Septi)Nucleus Accumbens (Septi)Septal RegionSeptal Region Septal AreaSeptal Area Paraterminal GyrusParaterminal Gyrus Subcallosal GyrusSubcallosal Gyrus Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei Dorsal, Lateral and MedialDorsal, Lateral and Medial Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei Nucleus of Diagonal Band of BrocaNucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca Bed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisBed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisAmygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex Corticomedial Nuclear GroupCorticomedial Nuclear Group Basolateral Nuclear GroupBasolateral Nuclear Group Central NucleusCentral Nucleus

DIENCEPHALONDIENCEPHALON Thalamus, LimbicThalamus, Limbic Anterior Nuclear GroupAnterior Nuclear Group Mediodorsal (MD) NucleusMediodorsal (MD) Nucleus Midline NucleiMidline Nuclei HypothalamusHypothalamus Preoptic RegionPreoptic Region Preoptic Periventricular NucleusPreoptic Periventricular Nucleus Medial Preoptic NucleusMedial Preoptic Nucleus Supraoptic RegionSupraoptic Region Suprachiasmatic NucleusSuprachiasmatic Nucleus Anterior NucleusAnterior Nucleus Supraoptic NucleusSupraoptic Nucleus Paraventricular NucleusParaventricular Nucleus Tuberal RegionTuberal Region Dorsomedial NucleusDorsomedial Nucleus Ventromedial NucleusVentromedial Nucleus Infundibular (Arcuate) NucleusInfundibular (Arcuate) Nucleus

Components of the Limbic System (II)Components of the Limbic System (II)Components of the Limbic System (II)Components of the Limbic System (II)

Mammillary RegionMammillary Region Lateral, Medial and IntermediateLateral, Medial and Intermediate Mammillary NucleusMammillary Nucleus Posterior NucleusPosterior Nucleus EpithalamusEpithalamus Habenular NucleusHabenular Nucleus Medial Habenular NucleusMedial Habenular Nucleus Lateral Habenular NucleusLateral Habenular Nucleus Pineal GlandPineal Gland

MESENCEPHALONMESENCEPHALON Limbic Midbrain AreaLimbic Midbrain Area Median Raphe NucleusMedian Raphe Nucleus Dorsal Raphe NucleusDorsal Raphe Nucleus Ventral Tegmental AreaVentral Tegmental Area Dorsal Tegmental NucleusDorsal Tegmental Nucleus Periaqueductal GrayPeriaqueductal Gray

Components of the Limbic SystemComponents of the Limbic SystemComponents of the Limbic SystemComponents of the Limbic System

Limbic LobeLimbic LobeLimbic LobeLimbic Lobe

Limbic LobeLimbic Lobe Gyrus FornicatusGyrus Fornicatus

Cingulate GyrusCingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal GyrusParahippocampal Gyrus Entorhinal AreaEntorhinal Area IsthmusIsthmus Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation Hippocampus ProperHippocampus Proper (Ammon’s horn)(Ammon’s horn) Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus SubiculumSubiculum Hippocampal RudimentsHippocampal Rudiments Fasciolar GyrusFasciolar Gyrus Indusium GriseumIndusium Griseum

Classification of CortexClassification of Cortex

Isocortex Isocortex - Neocortex- Neocortex

AllocortexAllocortex

ArchicortexArchicortex

HippocampusHippocampus

Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus

PaleocortexPaleocortex

Olfactory BulbOlfactory Bulb

Piriform LobePiriform Lobe

Mesocortex (Juxtallocortex,Mesocortex (Juxtallocortex,

Periallocortex, Mesallocortex)Periallocortex, Mesallocortex)

Cingulate GyrusCingulate Gyrus

Hippocampus Proper Hippocampus Proper

(Ammon’s horn, (Ammon’s horn,

Cornu Ammonis)Cornu Ammonis)


SubiculumSubiculum

Hippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation

1. uncus1. uncus

2. dentate gyrus2. dentate gyrus

3. fornix3. fornix

4. corpus callosum4. corpus callosum

5. fasciolar gyrus5. fasciolar gyrus

6. hippocampal sulcus6. hippocampal sulcus

7. parahippocampal 7. parahippocampal gyrusgyrus

8. collateral sulcus8. collateral sulcus


Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)

Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)

Archicortex - 3 layers Archicortex - 3 layers

Hippocampus ProperHippocampus Proper Molecular LayerMolecular Layer

Pyramidal LayerPyramidal Layer

Polymorphic LayerPolymorphic Layer

Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus Molecular LayerMolecular Layer

Granular LayerGranular Layer

Polymorphic LayerPolymorphic Layer

SubiculumSubiculum Transitional type Transitional type between hippocampal archicortex and entorhinal paleocortexbetween hippocampal archicortex and entorhinal paleocortex

Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation - - ArchicortexArchicortexHippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation - - ArchicortexArchicortex

Classification of CortexClassification of CortexClassification of CortexClassification of Cortex

IsocortexIsocortex 6 layered cortex6 layered cortex

homotypical and homotypical and

heterotypical isocortexheterotypical isocortex

Allocortex Allocortex

PaleocortexPaleocortex olfactory cortex olfactory cortex

- piriform lobepiriform lobe

ArchicortexArchicortex 3 layered cortex3 layered cortex

- - hippocampal formationhippocampal formation

Archicortex Archicortex - lamination by Ramon y Cajal- lamination by Ramon y CajalArchicortex Archicortex - lamination by Ramon y Cajal- lamination by Ramon y Cajal

7. stratum 7. stratum molecularemoleculare

6. stratum 6. stratum lacunosumlacunosum

5. stratum 5. stratum radiatumradiatum

4. stratum4. stratum pyramidalispyramidalis

3. stratum oriens3. stratum oriens

2. Alveus2. Alveus

1. ependyma1. ependyma

7. stratum 7. stratum molecularemoleculare

6. stratum 6. stratum lacunosumlacunosum

5. stratum 5. stratum radiatumradiatum

4. stratum4. stratum pyramidalispyramidalis

3. stratum oriens3. stratum oriens

2. Alveus2. Alveus

1. ependyma1. ependyma

HippocampusHippocampusHippocampusHippocampus

Ammon’s hornAmmon’s horn

(Cornu Ammonis)(Cornu Ammonis)

Ammon’s hornAmmon’s horn

(Cornu Ammonis)(Cornu Ammonis)

- by differences in cell morphology, - by differences in cell morphology, relative development and connectionsrelative development and connections- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)

CA1 CA1 CA2 CA2 CA3 CA3 CA4 - CA4 - Area DentataArea Dentata Fascia Dentata: Fascia Dentata: outer 2 layersouter 2 layers of area dentataof area dentata

- by differences in cell morphology, - by differences in cell morphology, relative development and connectionsrelative development and connections- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)

CA1 CA1 CA2 CA2 CA3 CA3 CA4 - CA4 - Area DentataArea Dentata Fascia Dentata: Fascia Dentata: outer 2 layersouter 2 layers of area dentataof area dentata

Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)

Rafael Lorente de NóRafael Lorente de NóRafael Lorente de NóRafael Lorente de Nó


Dentate gyrus,Dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4,CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, subiculumsubiculumDentate gyrus,Dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4,CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, subiculumsubiculum

4. Fascia dentata4. Fascia dentata

3. CA43. CA4

2. CA3, CA22. CA3, CA2

1. CA11. CA1

6. Subiculum6. Subiculum

20. Presubiculum20. Presubiculum

21. Parasubiculum21. Parasubiculum

22. Entorhinal cortex22. Entorhinal cortex

4. Fascia dentata4. Fascia dentata

3. CA43. CA4

2. CA3, CA22. CA3, CA2

1. CA11. CA1

6. Subiculum6. Subiculum

20. Presubiculum20. Presubiculum

21. Parasubiculum21. Parasubiculum

22. Entorhinal cortex22. Entorhinal cortex

Division of Hippocampal FormationDivision of Hippocampal FormationDivision of Hippocampal FormationDivision of Hippocampal Formation

Development of the HippocampusDevelopment of the HippocampusDevelopment of the HippocampusDevelopment of the Hippocampus

1. dentate gyrus 2. hippocampus proper 3. subiculum1. dentate gyrus 2. hippocampus proper 3. subiculum

HS: HS: hippocampal sulcus hippocampal sulcus TH: TH: temporal horntemporal horn

Hippocampus Proper Hippocampus Proper CA1CA1 CA2CA2 CA3CA3 CA4 - CA4 - Area DentataArea Dentata

Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus SubiculumSubiculum PProsubiculumrosubiculum SubiculumSubiculum PresubiculumPresubiculum ParasubiculumParasubiculum


Connections of Hippocampal FormationConnections of Hippocampal FormationConnections of Hippocampal FormationConnections of Hippocampal Formation

1. Intrinsic Connections1. Intrinsic Connectionsclassic trisynaptic pathwayclassic trisynaptic pathway

2. Afferent Connections2. Afferent Connections perforant and alveolar pathperforant and alveolar path

3. Efferent Connections3. Efferent Connections fornixfornix

1. Intrinsic Connections1. Intrinsic Connectionsclassic trisynaptic pathwayclassic trisynaptic pathway

2. Afferent Connections2. Afferent Connections perforant and alveolar pathperforant and alveolar path

3. Efferent Connections3. Efferent Connections fornixfornix

Intrinsic ConnectionsIntrinsic ConnectionsIntrinsic ConnectionsIntrinsic Connections

Classic Trisynaptic PathwayClassic Trisynaptic Pathway

1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path)1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path) dentate gyrus granular celldentate gyrus granular cell

2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber)2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber) CA3 pyramidal cellCA3 pyramidal cell

3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)

CA1 pyramidal cellCA1 pyramidal cell

subiculum subiculum entorhinal cortex entorhinal cortex

Classic Trisynaptic PathwayClassic Trisynaptic Pathway

1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path)1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path) dentate gyrus granular celldentate gyrus granular cell

2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber)2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber) CA3 pyramidal cellCA3 pyramidal cell

3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)

CA1 pyramidal cellCA1 pyramidal cell

subiculum subiculum entorhinal cortex entorhinal cortex

Afferent Connections of Afferent Connections of CA1 Pyramidal NeuronCA1 Pyramidal Neuron

Afferent Connections of Afferent Connections of CA1 Pyramidal NeuronCA1 Pyramidal Neuron

stratum molecularestratum moleculare - entorhinal cortex (perforant path)- entorhinal cortex (perforant path)stratum lacunosumstratum lacunosum - - Schaffer collateral from CA3Schaffer collateral from CA3stratum radiatumstratum radiatum - commissural axon- commissural axon - mossy fibers from dentate gyrus- mossy fibers from dentate gyrusstratum pyramidalestratum pyramidale - basket cell- basket cellstratum oriensstratum oriens - short axon cell- short axon cell

stratum molecularestratum moleculare - entorhinal cortex (perforant path)- entorhinal cortex (perforant path)stratum lacunosumstratum lacunosum - - Schaffer collateral from CA3Schaffer collateral from CA3stratum radiatumstratum radiatum - commissural axon- commissural axon - mossy fibers from dentate gyrus- mossy fibers from dentate gyrusstratum pyramidalestratum pyramidale - basket cell- basket cellstratum oriensstratum oriens - short axon cell- short axon cell

Afferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent Connections

FromFrom Entorhinal Cortex Entorhinal Cortex

Alveolar PathAlveolar Path from medial part of ECfrom medial part of EC to CA1 and Subiculumto CA1 and Subiculum

Perforant PathPerforant Path from lateral part of ECfrom lateral part of EC to CA1, CA2, CA3 andto CA1, CA2, CA3 and Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus

FromFrom Entorhinal Cortex Entorhinal Cortex

Alveolar PathAlveolar Path from medial part of ECfrom medial part of EC to CA1 and Subiculumto CA1 and Subiculum

Perforant PathPerforant Path from lateral part of ECfrom lateral part of EC to CA1, CA2, CA3 andto CA1, CA2, CA3 and Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus

Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal CortexEntorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex

1. entorhinal cortex1. entorhinal cortex

2. uncus2. uncus

3. fornix3. fornix




1. entorhinal cortex1. entorhinal cortex

2. uncus2. uncus

3. fornix3. fornix




Afferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent Connections

EC & Hippocampal AfferentsEC & Hippocampal Afferents

Surrounding NeocortexSurrounding Neocortex from association areasfrom association areas - temporal, frontal lobe- temporal, frontal lobe

Limbic SystemLimbic System from hypothalamus, from hypothalamus, amygdala, septal area,amygdala, septal area, anterior thalamic nuclei,anterior thalamic nuclei, and midbrain limbic area and midbrain limbic area

EC & Hippocampal AfferentsEC & Hippocampal Afferents

Surrounding NeocortexSurrounding Neocortex from association areasfrom association areas - temporal, frontal lobe- temporal, frontal lobe

Limbic SystemLimbic System from hypothalamus, from hypothalamus, amygdala, septal area,amygdala, septal area, anterior thalamic nuclei,anterior thalamic nuclei, and midbrain limbic area and midbrain limbic area

Efferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent Connections

FORNIXFORNIX

AlveusAlveus

FimbriaeFimbriae

CrusCrus

CommissureCommissure

Corpus Corpus

ColumnColumn

FORNIXFORNIX

AlveusAlveus

FimbriaeFimbriae

CrusCrus

CommissureCommissure

Corpus Corpus

ColumnColumn


FornixFornix -- from pyramidal neurons of hippocampus & subiculumfrom pyramidal neurons of hippocampus & subiculum

- 1.2 million fibers in humans- 1.2 million fibers in humans

Postcommissural Fornix Postcommissural Fornix – main bundle– main bundle

toto Mammillary BodyMammillary Body

Anterior ThalamusAnterior Thalamus

Lateral Septal NucleiLateral Septal Nuclei

Hypothalamus Hypothalamus

Midbrain TegmentumMidbrain Tegmentum


Precommissural Fornix Precommissural Fornix – smaller less compact– smaller less compact

- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper

toto Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei

Lateral Preoptic AreaLateral Preoptic Area

Anterior Hypothalamic AreaAnterior Hypothalamic Area

Nucleus of Diagonal Band of BrocaNucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca

Nucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi

Medial Surface of Frontal LobeMedial Surface of Frontal Lobe

Caudate Nucleus andCaudate Nucleus and PutamenPutamen

Amygdala and ClaustrumAmygdala and Claustrum

Precommissural Fornix Precommissural Fornix – smaller less compact– smaller less compact

- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper

toto Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei

Lateral Preoptic AreaLateral Preoptic Area

Anterior Hypothalamic AreaAnterior Hypothalamic Area

Nucleus of Diagonal Band of BrocaNucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca

Nucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi

Medial Surface of Frontal LobeMedial Surface of Frontal Lobe

Caudate Nucleus andCaudate Nucleus and PutamenPutamen

Amygdala and ClaustrumAmygdala and Claustrum

Efferent ConnectionsEfferent Connections FORNIXFORNIX from Pyramidal Neurons offrom Pyramidal Neurons of hippocampus & subiculumhippocampus & subiculum Alveus, Fimbriae, CrusAlveus, Fimbriae, Crus Commissure, Corpus, ColumnCommissure, Corpus, Column Precommissural FornixPrecommissural Fornix to Septal Nuclei,to Septal Nuclei, Nucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi Anterior Hypothalamic AreaAnterior Hypothalamic Area Medial Surface of Frontal LobeMedial Surface of Frontal Lobe Anterior Olfactory NucleusAnterior Olfactory Nucleus Postcommissural FornixPostcommissural Fornix to Mammillary Bodyto Mammillary Body Anterior ThalamusAnterior Thalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus Bed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisBed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis

Afferent ConnectionsAfferent Connections Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex Alveolar PathAlveolar Path from medial part of ECfrom medial part of EC to CA1 and Subiculumto CA1 and Subiculum Perforant PathPerforant Path from lateral part of ECfrom lateral part of EC to CA1, CA2, CA3 andto CA1, CA2, CA3 and Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus


Mossy fiber Mossy fiber - CA3- CA3 - - Schaefer fiber Schaefer fiber (CA3-CA1)(CA3-CA1)

OthersOthers Hypothalamus, Septal Nuclei, Hypothalamus, Septal Nuclei, Substantia InnominataSubstantia Innominata Midbrain Limbic AreaMidbrain Limbic Area

Summary of Hippocampal ConnectionsSummary of Hippocampal ConnectionsSummary of Hippocampal ConnectionsSummary of Hippocampal Connections

Dopamine hypothesis of SchizophreniaDopamine hypothesis of SchizophreniaDopamine hypothesis of SchizophreniaDopamine hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Hypersensitive Hypersensitive dopamine receptorsdopamine receptors

in limbic cortexin limbic cortex

21st century 21st century schizoid manschizoid man

SeptumSeptum

Septum pellucidumSeptum pellucidum

Septum VerumSeptum Verum

- Septal Nuclei- Septal Nuclei

ConnectionsConnections Stria Medullaris ThalamiStria Medullaris Thalami

to medial habenular nucleusto medial habenular nucleus

Medial Forebrain BundleMedial Forebrain Bundle

to hypothalamus and midbrain to hypothalamus and midbrain

Fornix Fornix - to hippocampus- to hippocampus

Stria Terminalis & Diagonal BandStria Terminalis & Diagonal Band

from amygdaloid complexfrom amygdaloid complex

Septal RegionSeptal Region Septal AreaSeptal Area

Paraterminal (Subcallosal) GyrusParaterminal (Subcallosal) Gyrus

Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)

Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei

Dorsal Septal NucleusDorsal Septal Nucleus

Lateral septal NucleusLateral septal Nucleus

Medial Septal Nucleus Medial Septal Nucleus (Ch1)(Ch1)

Nucleus of Diagonal BandNucleus of Diagonal Band

of Broca of Broca (Ch2, Ch3)(Ch2, Ch3)

Bed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisBed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis

Bed Nucleus of Bed Nucleus of

Anterior CommissureAnterior Commissure

Septal RegionSeptal RegionSeptal RegionSeptal Region

Basal Forebrain AreaBasal Forebrain Area

- structures deep to the- structures deep to the anterior perforating substanceanterior perforating substance

Olfactory TubercleOlfactory TubercleSubstantia InnominataSubstantia Innominata Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4)Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4) cf. Alzheimer’s diseasecf. Alzheimer’s disease Ventral PallidumVentral Pallidum - non cholinergic portions- non cholinergic portions of the substantia innominataof the substantia innominata - part of limbic basal ganglia- part of limbic basal ganglia

Limbic Basal GangliaLimbic Basal GangliaNucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi(Ventral Striatum)(Ventral Striatum) afferents fromafferents from hippocampal formationhippocampal formation amygdaloid bodyamygdaloid body cingulate gyruscingulate gyrus ventral tegmental areaventral tegmental area dorsal raphe nucleusdorsal raphe nucleus efferents to efferents to ventral pallidumventral pallidumVentral PallidumVentral Pallidum efferents toefferents to mediodorsal (MD) thalamusmediodorsal (MD) thalamus substantia nigrasubstantia nigra subthalamic nucleussubthalamic nucleus amygdaloid nucleusamygdaloid nucleus lateral habenular nucleuslateral habenular nucleus

Basal Forebrain Area and Limbic Basal GangliaBasal Forebrain Area and Limbic Basal Ganglia

Theodor MeynertTheodor Meynert(1833-1892)(1833-1892)

• Austrian Neurologist Austrian Neurologist • Professor of Neurology andProfessor of Neurology and

Psychiatry in Wien UniversityPsychiatry in Wien University• Teacher of Sigmund FreudTeacher of Sigmund Freud• Use serial sections in histologyUse serial sections in histology

of nervous systemof nervous system

• Basal Nucleus ofBasal Nucleus of Meynert Meynert

in substantia innominatain substantia innominata• Dorsal tegmental decussationDorsal tegmental decussation

of Meynert of Meynert

Basal Forebrain Area ComponentsBasal Forebrain Area ComponentsBasal Forebrain Area ComponentsBasal Forebrain Area Components

BASAL FOREBRAIN AREABASAL FOREBRAIN AREA (Heimer) (Heimer)

Ventral Striatum, Part ofVentral Striatum, Part of Ventral PallidumVentral Pallidum Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4)Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4) Extended AmygdalaExtended Amygdala

cf. cf. Cholinergic Cell GroupsCholinergic Cell Groups (Mesulam) (Mesulam)(Magnocellular Basomedial Telencephalic Complex(Magnocellular Basomedial Telencephalic Complex ) )

1. Ch1 1. Ch1 (Medial Septal Nucleus)(Medial Septal Nucleus)

2. Ch2 2. Ch2 (Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)(Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)

3. Ch3 3. Ch3 (Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)(Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)

4. 4. Ch4Ch4 (Basal Nucleus of Meynert) (Basal Nucleus of Meynert)

5. Ch5 5. Ch5 (Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus)(Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus)

Amygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex

Corticomedial Nuclear GroupCorticomedial Nuclear Group

Anterior Amygdaloid AreaAnterior Amygdaloid Area

Cortical Amygdaloid NucleusCortical Amygdaloid Nucleus

(Periamygdaloid Cortex)(Periamygdaloid Cortex)

Medial Amygdaloid NucleusMedial Amygdaloid Nucleus

Lateral Olfactory NucleusLateral Olfactory Nucleus

(Lateral Olfactory Gyrus(Lateral Olfactory Gyrus))

Basolateral Nuclear GroupBasolateral Nuclear Group

Lateral NucleusLateral Nucleus

Basal NucleusBasal Nucleus

Accessory Basal NucleusAccessory Basal Nucleus

Central NucleusCentral Nucleus

ConnectionsConnections Corticomedial Nuclear GroupCorticomedial Nuclear Group

Olfactory PathwayOlfactory Pathway via Lateral Olfactory Striavia Lateral Olfactory Stria Basolateral Nuclear GroupBasolateral Nuclear Group from from Sensory Association AreaSensory Association Area Central NucleusCentral Nucleus from brain stem visceralfrom brain stem visceral afferent nucleiafferent nuclei

Stria TerminalisStria Terminalis to bed nucleus of stria terminalisto bed nucleus of stria terminalis hypothalamus, epithalamushypothalamus, epithalamus amygdaloid bodyamygdaloid body

Ventral Amygdalofugal PathwayVentral Amygdalofugal Pathway to septal nuclei, hypothalamusto septal nuclei, hypothalamus thalamus (MD) andthalamus (MD) and midbrain limbic areamidbrain limbic area

Amygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex

AmygdalaAmygdala

L. almondL. almond

K. F. Burdach’s

term

K. F. Burdach’s

term

Connections of the AmygdalaConnections of the AmygdalaConnections of the AmygdalaConnections of the Amygdala

Extended AmygdalaExtended AmygdalaExtended AmygdalaExtended Amygdala

Extended AmygdalaExtended Amygdala

Central Amygdaloid NucleusCentral Amygdaloid Nucleus Medial Amygdaloid NucleusMedial Amygdaloid Nucleus Bed Nucleus of Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis (BST)Stria Terminalis (BST)

- bridging cell groups directly- bridging cell groups directly interconnects amygdaloidinterconnects amygdaloid and bed nucleus of striaand bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST)terminalis (BST) which refered to aswhich refered to as Extended amygdalaExtended amygdala..

ConnectionsConnections

AfferentsAfferents from from Intra-amygdaloid associationIntra-amygdaloid association fibers from fibers from basolateralbasolateral amygdaloid nucleus,amygdaloid nucleus, whic recieves wealth ofwhic recieves wealth of modality-specific andmodality-specific and multimodal sensory inputmultimodal sensory input from the from the cerebral cortex.cerebral cortex.EfferentsEfferents to to Hypothalamus Hypothalamus andand Brain Stem Brain Stem

Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended AmygdAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended Amygdalaala Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended AmygdAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended Amygdalaala

A. A. bed nucleus ofbed nucleus of stria terminalisstria terminalis

B. centromedial amygdalaB. centromedial amygdala

C. basolateral amygdalaC. basolateral amygdala

D. cortical amygdalaD. cortical amygdala

E. connections betweenE. connections between extended amygdalaextended amygdala and amygdala:and amygdala: sublenticular portion of sublenticular portion of substantia innominatasubstantia innominata

1. stria terminalis1. stria terminalis

Amygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex

EmotionEmotion& & AmygdalaAmygdala

AutismAutismAutismAutism

Dysfunction ofDysfunction of

amygdalaamygdala

MercuryMercuryRisingRising

Thalamus, LimbicThalamus, Limbic Anterior Nuclear GroupAnterior Nuclear Group

Anteroventral Nucleus (AV)Anteroventral Nucleus (AV)

Anterodorsal Nucleus (AD)Anterodorsal Nucleus (AD)

Anteromedial Nucleus (AM)Anteromedial Nucleus (AM)

Lateral Dorsal (LD) NucleusLateral Dorsal (LD) Nucleus

Mediodorsal (MD) NucleusMediodorsal (MD) Nucleus

Pars magnocellularis (MDmc)Pars magnocellularis (MDmc)

Pars parvocellularis (MDpc)Pars parvocellularis (MDpc)

Pars paralaminaris (MDpl)Pars paralaminaris (MDpl)

Pars densocellularis (MDdc)Pars densocellularis (MDdc)

Midline NucleiMidline Nuclei

Paratenial Nucleus (Pt)Paratenial Nucleus (Pt)

Reunience Nucleus (MV)Reunience Nucleus (MV)

Submedial Nucleus (Sm)Submedial Nucleus (Sm)

Rhomboid Nucleus (Rh)Rhomboid Nucleus (Rh)

ConnectionsConnections

Anterior Nuclear GroupAnterior Nuclear Group

from mammillary body,from mammillary body,

hippocampal formation,hippocampal formation,

cingulate gyruscingulate gyrus

to cingulate gyrusto cingulate gyrus

subiculumsubiculum

MDmcMDmc

from primary olfactory cortex,from primary olfactory cortex,

ventral pallidumventral pallidum

to orbitofrontal cortex to orbitofrontal cortex

MDpc, MDpl, MDdcMDpc, MDpl, MDdc

from substantia nigrafrom substantia nigra

limbic midbrain arealimbic midbrain area

to medial frontal cortexto medial frontal cortex

frontal eye field (area 8) frontal eye field (area 8)

Limbic ThalamusLimbic Thalamus

MB, HFMB, HF

OrbitofrontalOrbitofrontalCortexCortex FrontalFrontal

Eye FieldEye FieldMedialMedialFrontalFrontalGyrusGyrus

cingulatecingulategyrusgyrus

SNr, SC, RFSNr, SC, RF

Connections of the Limbic ThalamusConnections of the Limbic Thalamus

PrimaryPrimaryOrbitoryOrbitoryCortexCortex

EpithalamusEpithalamusHabenular NucleusHabenular Nucleus

Medial Habenular NucleusMedial Habenular Nucleus

Lateral Habenular NucleusLateral Habenular Nucleus

Pineal GlandPineal Gland

Stria TerminalisStria Terminalis

from from septal nuclei, septal nuclei,

hypothalamus, hypothalamus,

anterior thalamic nucleus,anterior thalamic nucleus,

substantia innominata,substantia innominata,

globus pallidusglobus pallidus

Habenulointerpeduncular Tract Habenulointerpeduncular Tract

(Fasciculus Retroflexus)(Fasciculus Retroflexus)

from medial habenular nucleus from medial habenular nucleus

to to interpeduncular nucleusinterpeduncular nucleus

from lateral habenular nucleusfrom lateral habenular nucleus

to to midbrain limbic area midbrain limbic area

DiencephalonDiencephalon

EpithalamusEpithalamusHypothalamusHypothalamusThalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)Subthalamus (Ventral Thalamus)Subthalamus (Ventral Thalamus)

EpithalamusEpithalamus

Epithalamus and Epithalamus and surrounding structuressurrounding structures

Hypothalamic Nuclear GroupHypothalamic Nuclear Group

MEDIAL ZONE MEDIAL ZONE Preoptic RegionPreoptic Region Preoptic Periventricular Preoptic Periventricular NucleusNucleus Medial Preoptic NucleusMedial Preoptic Nucleus

Supraoptic RegionSupraoptic Region Suprachiasmatic NucleusSuprachiasmatic Nucleus Anterior NucleusAnterior Nucleus Supraoptic NucleusSupraoptic Nucleus Paraventricular NucleusParaventricular Nucleus

Tuberal RegionTuberal Region Dorsomedial NucleusDorsomedial Nucleus Ventromedial NucleusVentromedial Nucleus Infundibular (Arcuate) NucleusInfundibular (Arcuate) Nucleus

Mammillary RegionMammillary Region Lateral Mammillary Nucleus Lateral Mammillary Nucleus Medial Mammillary NucleusMedial Mammillary Nucleus Intermediate Mammillary Intermediate Mammillary NucleusNucleus Posterior NucleusPosterior NucleusLATERAL ZONELATERAL ZONE Lateral Hypothalamic NucleusLateral Hypothalamic Nucleus Lateral Tuberal NucleusLateral Tuberal Nucleus

HypothalamusHypothalamus

Hypothalamic Cell GroupHypothalamic Cell Group

Connections of the Hypothalamus Connections of the Hypothalamus Connections of the Hypothalamus Connections of the Hypothalamus

Major Afferent ConnectionsMajor Afferent Connections

1. Ascending Visceral Fibers1. Ascending Visceral Fibers via via dorsal longitudinaldorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) fasciculus (DLF) andand mammillary pedunclemammillary peduncle from visceral afferent nuclei,from visceral afferent nuclei, limbic midbrain arealimbic midbrain area2. Via 2. Via Medial Forebrain BundleMedial Forebrain Bundle from Septum, Amygdala andfrom Septum, Amygdala and PaleocortexPaleocortex3. Via 3. Via FornixFornix from Hippocampal Formationfrom Hippocampal Formation

Major Efferent ConnectionsMajor Efferent Connections

1. Descending Visceral Fibers1. Descending Visceral Fibers via via dorsal longitudinaldorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) fasciculus (DLF) andand mammillary pedunclemammillary peduncle to visceral efferent nuclei,to visceral efferent nuclei, limbic midbrain arealimbic midbrain area2. Via 2. Via Medial Forebrain BundleMedial Forebrain Bundle to Septum, Amygdala andto Septum, Amygdala and PaleocortexPaleocortex3. Via 3. Via Mammillothalamic TractMammillothalamic Tract to Anterior Thalamic Nucleito Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus

Functional Aspects of HypothalamusFunctional Aspects of Hypothalamus

1.1. Endocrine Function Endocrine Function

Hormones of the Neurohypophysis - ADH, OxytocinHormones of the Neurohypophysis - ADH, Oxytocin

(Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nucleus)(Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nucleus)

Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones (Tuberal region)Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones (Tuberal region)

- Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Portal System- Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Portal System

2. 2. Visceral Function (Autonomic Center of CNS)Visceral Function (Autonomic Center of CNS)

3. 3. Limbic FunctionLimbic Function

Sham RageSham Rage

- an - an affective attackaffective attack

expressionexpression

- evoked by radio- evoked by radio

stimulation ofstimulation of

medial hypothalamusmedial hypothalamus

““Because the cat does notBecause the cat does notdirect its attack toward anydirect its attack toward anytarget, we regard this astarget, we regard this as just a fragment of a normaljust a fragment of a normalattack” (Delgado, 1981)attack” (Delgado, 1981)

Silent AttackSilent Attack

- little emotional- little emotional

expressionexpression

- evoked by electric- evoked by electric

stimulation ofstimulation of

perifornical nuc.perifornical nuc.

ofof hypothalamus hypothalamus

““The cat moves swiftlyThe cat moves swiftlyand with little sign ofand with little sign ofemotion to bite theemotion to bite therat’s neck and kill it”rat’s neck and kill it”(Siegel & Brutus, 1990)(Siegel & Brutus, 1990)

Karen Anne CarpenterKaren Anne Carpenter

(1950-1983)(1950-1983)

AnorexiaAnorexia

NervosaNervosa

Limbic Midbrain AreaLimbic Midbrain Area

Median Raphe (Superior Central) Nucleus (BMedian Raphe (Superior Central) Nucleus (B66, B, B88))Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (BDorsal Raphe Nucleus (B77))Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA, AVentral Tegmental Area (VTA, A1010))Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus (Gudden)Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus (Gudden)Interpeduncular NucleusInterpeduncular NucleusPeriaqueductal GrayPeriaqueductal Gray

Limbic Midbrain Area Limbic Midbrain Area Limbic Midbrain Area Limbic Midbrain Area


Prepiriform Cortex Prepiriform Cortex - Area 51- Area 51 Gyrus AmbiensGyrus Ambiens

Lateral Olfactory Gyrus Lateral Olfactory Gyrus

(Lateral Olfactory Nucleus)(Lateral Olfactory Nucleus)

Periamygdaloid CortexPeriamygdaloid Cortex Cortical Amygdaloid NucleusCortical Amygdaloid Nucleus

Entorhinal Area (Cortex) - Entorhinal Area (Cortex) - Area 28Area 28


Modality:Modality: Olfaction Olfaction

Receptor:Receptor: Olfactory Cell of Olfactory EpitheliumOlfactory Cell of Olfactory Epithelium

Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)

11stst Neuron: Neuron: Olfactory neuron --- Olfactory nerve (I)Olfactory neuron --- Olfactory nerve (I)

22ndnd Neuron: Neuron: Olfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted CellOlfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted Cell

olfactory tractolfactory tract

oolfactory striaelfactory striae

lateral & intermediate olfactory striaelateral & intermediate olfactory striae

Termination:Termination: Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)

piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex) piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex)

corticomedial amygdala corticomedial amygdala

anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)

Olfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory PathwaysOlfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory Pathways

Olfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory PathwaysOlfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory Pathways

A. olfactory epitheliumA. olfactory epitheliumB. olfactory bulbB. olfactory bulbC. nucleus of diagonal bandC. nucleus of diagonal band of Brocaof BrocaD. periamygdaloid cortexD. periamygdaloid cortexE. cirticomedial amygdalaE. cirticomedial amygdalaF. entorhinal areaF. entorhinal areaG. septal nucleiG. septal nuclei

I. olfactory nerveI. olfactory nerve1. olfactory tract1. olfactory tract2. lateral olfactory stria2. lateral olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria4. medial olfactory stria4. medial olfactory stria

Olfactory System - Olfactory System - Connections of Primary Olfactory CortexConnections of Primary Olfactory CortexOlfactory System - Olfactory System - Connections of Primary Olfactory CortexConnections of Primary Olfactory Cortex

A. olfactory epitheliumA. olfactory epitheliumB. olfactory bulbB. olfactory bulbC. nucleus of diagonal bandC. nucleus of diagonal band of Brocaof BrocaD. periamygdaloid cortexD. periamygdaloid cortexE. cirticomedial amygdalaE. cirticomedial amygdalaF. entorhinal areaF. entorhinal areaG. mediodorsal thalamicG. mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD)nucleus (MD)

I. olfactory nerveI. olfactory nerve1. olfactory tract1. olfactory tract2. lateral olfactory stria2. lateral olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria4. thalamocortical radiation4. thalamocortical radiation

Archicortex and PaleocortexArchicortex and PaleocortexArchicortex and PaleocortexArchicortex and Paleocortex

hedgehog

tupaia(tree shrew)

lemur

Connections of the Limbic SystemConnections of the Limbic SystemConnections of the Limbic SystemConnections of the Limbic System

Septo-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic Continuum

SeptalSeptalRegionRegion

SeptalSeptalRegionRegion

Hypo-Hypo-thalamusthalamus

Hypo-Hypo-thalamusthalamus

LimbidLimbidMidbrainMidbrain

AreaArea

LimbidLimbidMidbrainMidbrain

AreaArea





AmygaloidAmygaloidbodybody

AmygaloidAmygaloidbodybody

SpinalSpinal

CordCord

&&

BrainBrain

StemStem

SpinalSpinal

CordCord

&&

BrainBrain

StemStem

Limbic System

alveolar pathalveolar path

perforant pathperforant path

Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex(Area 28)(Area 28)

Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex(Area 28)(Area 28)



MammillaryMammillaryBodyBody

MammillaryMammillaryBodyBody

CingulateCingulateGyrusGyrus

CingulateCingulateGyrusGyrus

AnteriorAnteriorThalamic NucleiThalamic Nuclei

AnteriorAnteriorThalamic NucleiThalamic Nuclei

mammillothalamic tractmammillothalamic tract

fornixfornix

cingulumcingulum

thalamocorticalthalamocortical radiationradiation

Papez Circuit Papez Circuit Papez Circuit Papez Circuit

Papez CircuitPapez CircuitPapez CircuitPapez Circuit

A. A. Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation

B. B. mammillary bodymammillary body

C. C. thalamic anterior nucleusthalamic anterior nucleus

D. D. cingulate gyruscingulate gyrus

1.1. fornix fornix

2.2. mammillothalamic tract mammillothalamic tract

3.3. thalamocortical radiation thalamocortical radiation

4.4. cingulum cingulum

Limbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic Function

Functional Aspects of Limbic SystemFunctional Aspects of Limbic System

1.1. Emotion - Affective Behavior Emotion - Affective Behavior

AmygdalaAmygdala

Limbic and PrefrontalLimbic and Prefrontal Cotex Cotex

- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior

Hypothalamus and Brain StemHypothalamus and Brain Stem

- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)

maintenance of species (sexual function)maintenance of species (sexual function) cf. cf. KlKlüüver-Bucy Syndromever-Bucy Syndrome

2. 2. Memory and LearningMemory and Learning Papez CircuitPapez Circuit cf. cf. Korsakoff’s syndromeKorsakoff’s syndrome

Functional Aspects of Limbic SystemFunctional Aspects of Limbic System

1.1. Emotion - Affective Behavior Emotion - Affective Behavior

AmygdalaAmygdala

Limbic and PrefrontalLimbic and Prefrontal Cotex Cotex

- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior

Hypothalamus and Brain StemHypothalamus and Brain Stem

- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)

maintenance of species (sexual function)maintenance of species (sexual function) cf. cf. KlKlüüver-Bucy Syndromever-Bucy Syndrome

2. 2. Memory and LearningMemory and Learning Papez CircuitPapez Circuit cf. cf. Korsakoff’s syndromeKorsakoff’s syndrome

Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (appetites)Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (appetites)

Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (aggression)Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (aggression)

sham ragesham rage silent attacksilent attack

KlKlüüver-Bucy syndromever-Bucy syndrome

Monkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobesMonkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobes

including amygdala and hippocampal formationincluding amygdala and hippocampal formation

Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility)Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility) - attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches- attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches

Regression to oral stageRegression to oral stage - put almost anything into mouth- put almost anything into mouth

Marked increase in both the amount and diversity ofMarked increase in both the amount and diversity of sexual activitysexual activity

KlKlüüver-Bucy syndromever-Bucy syndrome

Monkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobesMonkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobes

including amygdala and hippocampal formationincluding amygdala and hippocampal formation

Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility)Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility) - attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches- attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches

Regression to oral stageRegression to oral stage - put almost anything into mouth- put almost anything into mouth

Marked increase in both the amount and diversity ofMarked increase in both the amount and diversity of sexual activitysexual activity

Limbic FunctionLimbic Function

Klüver-Bucy syndromeKlüver-Bucy syndrome in cats: in cats: Mating behavioral changesMating behavioral changes

Heinrich Klüver Heinrich Klüver Paul Clancy Bucy Paul Clancy Bucy (1897-1979)(1897-1979) (1904-1992) (1904-1992)


Cognitive andCognitive andEmotionalEmotionalProcessesProcesses


Evolution and Limbic SystemEvolution and Limbic System

- - Triune Concept Triune Concept of of MacLean MacLean

Protoreptilian Brain Protoreptilian Brain (R Complex) ---- Instinct(R Complex) ---- Instinct

Paleomammalian BrainPaleomammalian Brain --- --- Limbic SystemLimbic System ---- Emotion ---- Emotion

Neomammalian BrainNeomammalian Brain --- Neocortex --- Analytical, Reasoning--- Neocortex --- Analytical, Reasoning

won taek lee, m.d., ph.d. limbic system. affectivebehavioremotionjoyanddespair

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