women sharing in the ministry of god.pp.fall08

8/14/2019 Women Sharing in the Ministry of God.pp.Fall08

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Women Sharing in the Ministry of God: A Trinitarian Framework for

the Priority of Spirit Gifting as a Solution to the Gender Debate

Patrick S. Franklin

Patrick S. Franklin, B.a., M.Dv., th.M., seved

s pso fo seve yes chwe Bps

chuh Ove, Oo. He s uey sudy-

g fo he Ph.D. MMse Dvy coege,

Hmo, Oo.

Introduction

Tough he eedom o wome o be edes he huh hs -

esed ee yes, phy oues o exese osde-

be uee wh oempoy evgesm.1 Evgephy ms h e msy posos he huh

e ppope o wome d shoud be esed o me.

I pu, wome shoud o opee posos o uho-

y ove me (epeseves de ove whh oes hey deem

uhove). Ts vew does o sse h wome e o esse

vue o dgy h me, bu h God desged wome o be

subode o me oe o uo. Hee, s dvoes usu-

y pee he em ompemesm ove phy, se

emphszes he mve spes o he poso (.e., h me

d wome ompeme eh ohe).2 I os o suh vew,

he gume o my e s h wome shoud be weomed d

eouged o seve posos o huh edeshp d uho-y, d h gedess d o gede shoud deeme pesos

qufo o seve. Ts s beuse Sp gg s th my

ton o suby o Chs msy. Te soveeg o

he Hoy Sp umps ohe e h e bsed o huh

suue d do, o he e ques o dvdu pe-

sos (udg gede). A peeee o Sp gg s om-

mo sg po o egs, bu equey s ho-

ough heoog goudg d s zed o beg exessvey

expee. Ts e demoses h he pozo o

Sp gg s o smpy ppe o expeee o o mysey,

bu deves om he og o he dyms o ge.

Te soues o hs oudo ude Auguses

muu ove mode d J. B. oes dsusso o he medo

o Chs. Whe he e dws eev mpos om he

soe peshood o Chs, he ome demoses why Chss

wo s sepbe om he Sps wo.

The priority of Spirit gifting

Te poy o Sp gg povdes oudo o heo-

ogy o wome msy (e.g., Joe :8-9; As :7-8). Te

Hoy Sp es d empowes mses d, popey

speg, s he ge o evey msy (e.g., Lue :, 89;

As :8; Rom. 8:67; Co. :). Te po d ougmsy o God he Fhe, hough he So d he Sp,

gouds d suss msy, o he egee, evy,

o seg eos o hum begs, o

he e o boog dvges (e.g.,

Joh :6, 6:-, 0:-; Co. :-). Ts does o me

h hum o s megess, bu h s wys espose

o Gods po wog. Whe hs espose s uyouon,

s o heeby eous s suh (G. :9-). I beomes e-

fous oy hough he eve, eog, d edeemg

powe o he Hoy Sp, who ommdees ou wods d

os suh h ou defe guge uy poms he

Wod o God d ou eebe eos uy ompsh he wo

o Chs.3 Msy s, heeoe, boh espose o d bd-

g ged ge, odg o K Bh, s wys Gods

deed d . Bh spefes, I s eve quy o ous,

bo us, suh s woud ebe us o ow o dve.4

Ay ohe epeo woud o be uy , bu Pe-

g (gog he soveegy o he Sp d/o he soe pes-

hood o Chs). Te sgfe o he Hoy Sp o he Chs-

e s h we e opeed, peped, d mde f by God oGod.5 Te msy o he Hoy Sp s o somehg we gsp

o oo, bu s eve whh we e gdo tkn hod

o he moveme o ge. Te Sp s gve o us

s Pomse, o possesso.

Godo Fee mes seve obsevos om Spue h

suppo he pmy o Sp gg s eo o msy

d edeshp. Fs, he oes he mbguy d udy o

huh suues he New esme. He suggess h hs

mbvee o he p o he bb uhos shoud uo

us gs defg ou ow suues oo gdy o epg

hem s eessy gve. Fee wes, Te New esme do-

umes smpy show o ees defg hese mes. . . .Aodgy, we ow vey e bou he ogzo o he

ey huh, ehe s whoe o s o expessos. Ad

wh we do e, we ghe om gegs o exs, o om

eo suo.1 Te eeve o hs obsevo s

h quesos bou he ppopeess o wome hodg p-

u oes, suh s pso o ehe, oe me oem-

poy debes bou wome edeshp. Howeve, he New

esme does o dsuss msy wh he mewo o

oes, bu o gedess.11 Aodg o Fee, beoe hee wee

o posos he ey huh, hee wee dvdus who

uoed e pes, whom he huh e eog-

zed moe omy.12 Tose who exesed he g o popheysomemes me o be eogzed s pophes. Tose who gve

spu ovesgh o ogego (edes he do o

he sygogue) wee eveuy ed koo (ovesees),

em ppoped om Geo-Rom uue.13 I ohe wods,

gedess peeded d osued oe. Ts s odds

wh hose who beg wh pedeemed udesdg o

oe, whh hey es o mes, d he poeed o seh

o ppopey ged me. Oe, hehss hve o pobem

wh he de o wome exesgg, somemes eve pso


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Priilla Paper Vo. , No. Auum 008

o ehg gs ( es e oexs: mog wome d

hde o he msso fed), bu hey e pohbed om

hodg o. Ts s pobem om New esme po o

vew, whh emphszes gg, bu s se bou oes.

A seod, eed po s h he New esme does o

she ou oempoy ssumpos bou ogzo u-

hoy d oo. Aodg o Fee, msy s wh pmy

dves he New esme huh, o oes ove uhoy.14

Te ey o he Sps pesee, gude, d empoweme

he ogego eeges he queso o uhoy o meo seody mpoe. Fee ommes, Te poy o Sp

gg does o usuy ed o sg, Whos hge oud

hee? Rhe, ses he whoe ommuy ee o dse d

eouge he ggs wh he body, so h my gow d

be bu up.15 Te emphss s o eveyoe ppg mu-

u edfo d msy he h peoupo wh

he spe gs o ew. Ledes e fs d oemos sevs

sevs o Chs d hee so o Chss body.1 o demo-

se hs po, Fee es us o he h Pu eve ddesses

hs ees o he edes o he ogegos, bu wys o he

whoe huh. He eve es he edes o e hge o hm-u suo o ommeds hem o hehy umses, bu

dmoshes d eouges he ee huh (o ddesses d-

vsve pes dey).1 Fee oes h, eve d mohy

d us, Pu des hs ees o he huhes hough mo-

hy d us beuse hey wee hs epeseves, o beuse

hey wee he huhes peme edes.1 Cosequey, Fee

wodes why he huh ody exese so muh eegy

geg gh wh egd o edeshp, whe he New es-

me se shows so e ees hs?1 (Remembe, Fee s

zg outon wh suues d oes; he s o

gug gs he eed o dse gedess d muy whe

ppog edes.)2 ody, my peope eogze egmeedeshp gs wome. Howeve, some e ee o m

wome s o edes beuse hey e d o vog

bby pesbed uhoy suue. Fee oes hepu o-

eve by demosg h quesos o suue d uho-

y se ou o, d hee seve, Sp gg d g.

Td, ee o Sp gg s moe osse wh he

New Cove, whh God pous ou hs pomsed Sp o

beevessos d dughes, youg d od, me d eme

(odg o Joe :89; . As :78). Te beg o he

ew ge o he Kgdom o God epses he exusveess o he

Od Cove og wh s esos bsed upo e, gede,

d so sus (G. :8).21 A he dve o he Hoy Sp, odsuues de wy. Fo exmpe, whe Pee vsed he home

o Coeus, he sw h he g o he Hoy Sp fed he Ge-

es who hed he pehg o he wod o God. He exmed,

C yoe eep hese peope om beg bpzed wh we?

Tey hve eeved he Hoy Sp jus s we hve (As 0:7).

O h bss, he bpzed Gee beeves he me o Jesus

Chs, heeby beg (o sedg) hs eeved do.

Pee mde hs bod, upeedeed move o o he bss o hs

exegess o he Od esme, o by hs uhoy s pose

(peeme s he ws), bu espose o he evdee o he

Hoy Sp wo.22 Exedg hs peede o he ssue o

wome msy, Ry Adeso ss, C yoe obd o-

do o hose wome who gve evdee o beg ed oh

d ged o pso msy he huh?23

Tus , I hve gued h pozg Sp gg ows

o boh me d wome o seve huh edeshp. A pos-

sbe objeo s h suh ppoh s subjeve d pes

oo ge emphss o hum expeee. o oue hs

hge, I popose h heoogy o msy, whh sbsed o he og o ge, povdes wy o goud

ppes o he Sp d Sp gg o ee heoog

oudo. I heoogy o msy, he Fhe, So

d Hoy Sp wo obovey o dw hum pesos o

ppg he msy o God. Ts ous s he Hoy

Sp ues he po d ogog msy o Chs wh he

esposve msy o wome d me o ompsh he w o

he Fhe, who s he og d desy o msy.

A Trinitarian framework

Ts seo ues mewo o udesd-g msy s ppo he msy o he y. Oe

suh oudo s pe, beomes possbe o goud

ppes o Sp gg he og o ge. Fs

I voe Auguses muu ove mode o he y, whh

hghghs he Sps oe s he bod o uo bewee () he

Fhe d he So, () Chss wo ues, d () Chs d

edeemed pesos who mse o he bss o he uo wh

Chs. Seod, I expoe he mpos o Chss soe pes-

hood o huh msy om pespeve.

Augusn mutu ov mod

Aodg o Auguses muu ove mode, he Fhe eeygeees he So (whou begg o ed), d he Hoy Sp

poeeds om he Fhe d he So d subsss s he mu

u ove.24 Auguse begs hs dsusso wh eeo o

he ue o ove s deped Joh :6.25 He dsoves h

ove mpes y o eoshps d seve s somehg

o ogy o he ue God: Tee you e wh hee, he

ove, wh s beg oved, d ove. Ad wh s ove bu d

o e oupg o yg o oupe ogehe wo hgs, mey

ove d wh s beg oved?2 Ts ogy does o espouse

hesm, s hee e hee gods ovg eh ohe, bu he

uses h God ove d s suh exss ompexy d

deeo. I os, he hum dvdu mges God hs me oy p sese, o, s Auguse sys, s

o he se h yoe who oves hmse s ove exep whe

ove oves se.2 Fo he hum dvdu, ove s o s ow

subje, bu oy gs sedee he eoue wh -

ohe hum peso. Howeve, Auguse mpes h hee s

e-subjevy wh God, beuse God (d God oe

ove oves se.2 Love es o suh -eompssg e-

y s o beome sede Subje. Seve Sudebe ex-

ps he muu ove mode hs wy:


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6 Priilla Paper Vo. , No. Auum 008

[]he So s subje who oves he Fhe. Te Fhe d

he So he ood ove o oe ohe bg oh

he Hoy Sp. Te peso dey o he Hoy Sp s he

objefo o he Fhes d Sos muu ove. As muu

ove, he Hoy Sps pmy hes s uo. Te Sp-

s he ove h dssouby ues he Fhe d he So.

Te dey o he Hoy Sp s muu ove does o depe-

soze he Sp. Te Sp s uque dve peso whose

vy s h o ug he ohe wo dve pesos.2

Te Hoy Sp s he bod o ove bewee he Fhe d he

So, d hus he Sps bs hes s uo. Fuhe-

moe, ode wh Rhes xom h he eoom

y s he mme y d he mme y s he

eoom y, oespodee s equed bewee Gods

beg s y d Gods edempve ves.3 Ts mes

h he Fhe seds he So beuse, he mme e-

os, he So poeeds eey om he Fhe. I so mes

h he Hoy Sp, who eey bds he Fhe d So o-

gehe ove, bds he dve ue o he So ogehe wh

he hum ue o Jesus Chs. Se he muu ove bewee

he Fhe d he So esbshes he Hoy Sps uque de-y, he eoomy o edempo, he Sp mus be boh he

Fhes ove h bgs bou he o d he e

Sos eu o ove o he Fhe.31 Te o s, heeoe,

he objefo o he Fhes ove eo, whh he

Sp, s he bod o ove, bgs eed ue o uo wh

dve ue (spefy, he Hoy Sp ees he humy o

Jesus).32 Ts bod oms he bss o Chss py o be he

soe pes d medo o e d eed hum begs

beoe God. I ows Chs o eeve d e o hmse o

eo, o edeem by mes o he oss d he esueo,

d fy o oe b o he Fhe s he New Ceo.

Te mpo o hum edempo s h he Hoy Sp

s he bod o ove bewee God d edeemed hum begs,

whom he Sp bgs o uo wh Chs.33 Ts uo wh

Chs he Sp gouds d ebes o Chs ebe-

g d dog, owg d woshpg, ovg d sevg. I

so gouds huh msy, whh s fs d oemos Cht

mnty, whh Chss ppe s he Hoy Sp bds

he msy o Chss. Fuhemoe, se he So wys

ompshes he Fhes wo d hough he Hoy Sp,

evdee o Sp gg beomes he pmy eo o pe-

sos suby o msy d edeshp oes he huh.

Beoe dsussg he mpos o hs, we eed o ee u-he o he soe medo d peshood o Chs.

T o mdton nd shood o Chs

I hs boo Woh, Communty nd th un God o G,

Jmes B. oe dsusses he mpos o he soe pes-

hood o Chs o Chs woshp. Tough heoog ed-

g o Hebews, oe shows h Jesus Chs s he oe d

oy medo bewee God d hum begs. As suh, Chs s

he uque pes who epeses God o humy d humy

o God.34 oe oss hs heoogy o woshp,

whh ous o he soe peshood o Chs, wh wo se

vews h eje o quy some wy. He s he fs o

hese se vews U o A ppoh.35 Aus ws

ouh-euy pesbye om Aexd whose vews bou

he ue o Chs wee ooves.3 He ugh h oy

God he Fhe s ee d uoged. Te So s o o oe

beg (homoouo) wh he Fhe, bu qus-dve eue

who ehe sees o ows he Fhe ompeey. Chs s o

ue God, bu demgod who s gve he ouesy es So

o So o God beuse o hs ppoed msso. Jesus eo-shp o he Fhe s o quvey dsve, bu gee (eve

quvey exempy). Fom A pespeve, gues

oe, hee s o uque pes o medo bewee God d

hum begs.3 oe dws he mpo o Chs e

d woshp h he oy peshood s ou peshood, he oy

oeg ou oeg, he oy eessos ou eessos.3

He us suh ppoh s beg hum eeed, peumo-

ogy defe, o-sme, d mos.3

Te seod se vew s wh oe s he exse,

pese-dy expeee mode.4 Ts vew does o dey he

uqueess o Chs o hs equy wh he Fhe, bu qu-fes hs soe peshood wh oveemphss o he eessy o

hum espose. Whe God s see gousy o gve hmse

he mome o eoue, he sess eds o be o he dvdu-

s h, epee, d deso. Whe mg h beeves

e sved o he bss o God-humwd moveme Chs,

he hum-Godwd moveme ems udmeyou

sem-Peg wy. Suh vew, oe gues, emphszes ou

h, oudeso, ouespose eve heoogy whh sho-

us he vous humy o Chs d bees uo wh

Chs (emphss og).41 Fuhemoe, goes he h

God hs edy povded o us h espose whh oe s -

epbe o hmhe oeg mde o he whoe hum e he e, obedee d psso o Jesus Chs.42 Cosequey,

he exse mode pes uwed sess o hum

o d s goudg ge.

I os o hese wo eg modes, oe poposes

oe, whh Chs oes hmse o he Fhe o

ou beh d ou pe. O he bss o Chss se-oeg,

woshp shes hum-Godwd moveme h

beogs o God d whh es pe wthn he dve e.43

Whe he hum espose uy s ou, es pe Chs by

he Sp. Tus, he e ge woshp, he oe ue mse,

s Jesus Chs. Aodgy, ou woshp s th g o ttng

though th St n th nnt Son ommunon wth th F-th.44 A vew ms h woshp s o he pod-

u o ou egous expeee, h, epee, o deso, bu

he s ppo he ove d eowshp (.e., he Sp)

shed bewee he Fhe d he So he uque eo-

shp. Te mpo s h evey spe o Chs e s ved

wh wh A oe s he I, ye o I, bu Chs dy-

m o Chs exsee. He exps, Ppo spes

o he h we ve, o, Chs ves us; h we py, o,

he Sp eedes o us d us; we udesd, o, we e


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Priilla Paper Vo. , No. Auum 008 7

bough o ppe he udesdg h s Chss. . . .45

Ou uo wh Chs mes h we ppe Chss o-

gog wo beoe he Fhe d hs msso om he Fhe o

he wod.4 Se we e uded Gods e, ou

ow eebe os d mxed eos e e up, esed,

d oeed o he Fhe hough he pesy wo o Chs. Ou

umsy d wwd pyes e ssmed o Chss pee

eesso beoe he Fhe. Ou doubs d h sugges e

boe d ed by Chss huess o he Fhe. Ou me-

ge eos o mse d seve Gods peope e somedd empoweed by Chss po d ogog msy.

T og o ntn g nd thoogy o womn n mnsy

Te fs mpo o he pevous wo seos o Chs

msy s h ou msy s umey o ou ow, bu p-

po he po msy o Chs who s Gods mse

p exeee.4 As Ry Adeso pus , Te msy o Je-

sus o he Fhe o beh o he wod s he e og o

msy. Evey spe o he msy o Jesus s gouded he

e eo o muu ove d e bewee he Fhe d he

So.4 Adesos omme eoquey expesses he oeo

I hve bee mg bewee he Augus muu ove mode

o he y d he soe peshood d msy o Chs. Te

oudo o Chs msy, heeoe, s o hum -

geuy o e py, bu he msy o Jesus Chs he

Sp. Whe pped o huh msy, he og o

ge mes h ohg s pemed o odo Gods g-

ous gg d g. Te o msy s he peogve

o he Soveeg Sp o God, who dws hum begs o p-

pe Chss msy hough h d us hm. K

Bh oe mde he gug eee h he Reomo

doe o he mpuo o Chss e o exeo gh-

eousess o beeves ppes o oy o he jusfo, buso o he sfo, obedee, d eve o he gg by

he Hoy Sp.4 Bh oey obseved h ou gedess o

msy s e gedess, poeedg om he soveeg

Sp o God, who s ou Pomse, o ou possesso.5

Wh oows om he mode poposed hs -

e s h y heoogy h pohbs wome om msy o

edeshp beuse o he gede qufes he o peshood o

Chs d he soveegy o he Hoy Sp. Godo Fee hs

hs whe he sys, o beg wh gede he h gs d

g smpy pus he emphss he wog pe, espey o

he ew ove peope o God, whee hee s o oge y

peshood ( es o s p o bb eveo!).51 Fom New esme pespeve, he soe peshood o Chs ufs

d edes obsoee he exusvy o he Lev peshood o

he Od esme. Chs oe s pes; whe he em pes

s pped o beeves he New esme, s wys he

oex o bv who she vousy he peshood o

Chs (e.g., Pe. :, :9; Rev. :6, :0, 0:6). Tus, he New

Cove, dsos o e, so sus, d gede ose he

sgfe s quyg os o peshood.52 Covesey,

me heh pespeve ssumes h me, by some e

py o quy o he ow (.e., he gede), e bee su-

ed o seve God e wys.53 Msuy s eed s

e quy whh pedeemes d qufes he wy whh

ge wos. Suh qufo o ge mous o deyg he

soveegy o he Sp d/o he soe peshood o Chs, how

eve suby my be exped o jusfed. As Adeso sses

(ommeg dey o he ouome o phy o msy)

Me d eme oue o opee s e ousde o he

beefs o Chs. Nue deemes he exe o whh ge

go bgg he beefs o Chs o he hso dempo ode.54 I hs s ue, he phy hs dsubg

heoog ooy: o oy does jeopdze he heoog

goud o msy s seody ppo Chss ms-

y, bu uy hees he egy o he gospe by vog

he dyms o og o ge.55 Ts osequee be-

omes e whe we s he queso: Wh ohe e hum

quy o py woud we de mpose s odo o he

Sps gous gg?5 Re o oo? Iheed so sus o

ss? Noy? Iegee? Dsese o heh? Aodgy

gede s o uque egoy ousde he em o ge.5

Oe o he ges sumbg bos o my hehss sPus ehg bou wome exs e mohy : d

Cohs . Te exege debes bewee heh d

eg epees seem edess, he des o whh I -

o expoe hee.5 Te ge queso, my vew, s why do

hehss empoy hese pssges s oog exs? Why o

me Gs :69 he dom ex, o, o h me, he

my ohe exmpes Spue o wome exesg ede-

shp gs? Ts demoses h hemeeu d heoog-

deso peedes d mps he exegess o he pssges

omg he debe bou wome msy. My ow p-

poh o eog hese pssges s h he New esme

pozes he soveegy o he Hoy Sp d Sp ggexep pu umses whee spef pobems

he huh ( m. ; Co. ) o he egy o wess ( Pe.

) o moe ooed mesues. Fo Pu, he poy s

wys he egy o he gospe messge d he peope who

pom . Cosequey, he be exemey pgm whe

omes o pu umses demdg uque pp-

o. Exmpes o hs ude hs dsusso o osee

Roms , hs suos oeg eg me sfed o

dos Cohs 8 (ompe hs ommes wh As :0

d :), hs deso o umse mohy As 6, d hs

exhoos o wome d sves Ephess 6 d Coos-

ss . Whe some ses Pu ess he ves o wome, ohe ses he dy ms hem, s wh Phoebe (

deo), Ju ( pose), Lyd ( busesswom d house

huh ede), Euod d Syyhe (who peed wh hm

he use o he gospe), d hs uso o wome ogeg-

o (pub) pyg d sgg.5

A ob objcon: Subodnton wthn th Godhd

Oe poe objeo o he gume o hs e

s h he subodo o emes o mes s jusfed beuse


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hee s ee uo subodo o he So o he

Fhe wh he Godhed. Aodg o hs vew, he Fhe,

he So, d he Hoy Sp e uy dve d equ vue

d dgy, ye hey e uequ uo o . Smy,

me d wome e equ vue d dgy, bu, wh egd

o , wome e uoy subode o me. Tee e

wo esposes o hs objeo. Fs, he ssumpo o ee

uo subodo wh he Godhed s hghy queso-

be. Seod, o he se o gume, eve hee wee om

o uo subodosm wh he y, he pese -ue o h subodo woud s be ue d s mp-

os o he msy o wome d me ogehe woud em

hghy quesobe, o mpossbe o dse.

Fo exmpe, whe he huh Fhes sy h he Fhe

s gee h he So, e hey usg he em gee he

sme sese h ue hehss ed ody? Eve oe

speues h e poy s some sese gve o he

Fhe, oe be sue h hs mpes he sme uhoy s

bued o me?1 Fo se, Auguses dsusso o he

y esss suh smps oe subodos, o o meo

he gede mpos o hum eoshps. Augusebody ses, I w sy howeve wh bsoue ofdee h

Fhe d So d Hoy Sp, God he eo, o oe d he

sme subse, he mghy hee, sepby.2 Howeve,

dsussg he eoom dsos he y, Auguse

shows moe uo d ue. I hs eeos o Spue,

he obseves h he Fhe se he So o be bo o wom

(G. :), bu he So so emped hmse he o

(Php. :67). Te Fhe gve up he So o he oss (Rom. 8:),

bu he So so gve hmse (G. :0). Te Fhe sed he

So om he gve (Php. :9), bu he So so sed hmse up

(Joh :9, 0:8).3 Cey, o Auguse, he oe o he So s

o smpy oe o pssve submsso, bu o ve ppo he wo o he ue God. Pehps he wy he Fhe d

So opee s ogous o he gmm uos o sub-

je d pede wh seee. Tough he subje o he

seee (he Fhe) s some sese po, s egoy eo

o spe o he subje s povdg somehg e uhove

edeshp o he pede (he So d he Sp). Boh wo

sepby d deve he meg o he bss o wh he

whoe seee (he Godhed) eds o ommue. Sm-

y, Auguses psyhoog ogy o memoy, udesd-

g, d w, hee s o e wy o esbsh whh uo s

po d whh s subode.4 Te o o oe mpes he

jo o o hee. I y se, Auguse ouses us oexese supeme uo whe hg bou o-

ges, d hus he euses o dey y o he pesos

wh memoy, udesdg, o w.5 Auguses humy

hs egd s woh emug.

I ode o gume bsed o ogy o sueed, he

ogy mus be vd o he pu pos beg omped,

hus uhe queso ses. Is he ogy o e-

os ompbe o hum eos o he pos whh he-

hss dw he ompso? Te oowg osdeos

demose h s o. Fs, he eoomy o edempo,

Chs s uoy subode o he Fhe o beuse hs

essee s dee om o ess h he Fhes, bu beuse hs

msso s Logos d Se Oe eques . Howeve, he subod-

o o wome o me s bsed o o uo (s hehss

m), bu umey o ooogy; hus, he ogy bes

dow. Wome e esed om ehg, shephedg, d

edg o beuse suh ss e heey msue (ohe-

wse, hehss woud hve o pohb wome om eggg

hese ves sphees d umses), bu smpybeuse, eess d domes oexs, wome mus be

submssve o me. Tey e o pohbed om ehg d

exesg uhoy geey, bu oy om ehg d hvg

uhoy ove me. Tus, s he ntu s wome, o he

uo pe se, h s suboded o me. Hehss who

pusue suh esog o ed o hs dso, d some

eve poje he hg o he y d ouse uo

d ooogy wh he Godhed. Fo exmpe, oe deese

o he ee uo subodo o he So, wo oem-

poy hehss ome dgeousy ose o ooog sub-

odosm (I beeve he poso mes evbe). Teygue h he Nee expessos begoe om he Fhe,

God om God, Lgh om Lgh, d so oh, eeed

bee he ee subodo o he So. Howeve, suh

semes o be epeed o suppo uo subod-

osm, beuse hey oeed he dve no he

peso eosd wee desged o dep he uy o he

Godhed. I s he Sos dve essee h s eey bego-

e o he Fhe, Lgh om Lgh, ue God om ue God. Te

vey expessos deoe dvy, o uoy (.e., he So s

ue God, o smpy god). Wee he epeo o hese

uhos oe, woud ppe h he Nee Fhes mde

ooog dso bewee he Fhe d So ( whhse he So s ess h uy dve d he gospe s oe)

bu hs s pesey wh Nee ohodoxy eues!

Te ogy bewee he y d me/eme eos

bes dow ohe pos s we, s Rebe Goohus hep-

uy pos ou. Fo se, ommo hehs vew s h

husbds d wves shoud emp o see osesus deso

mg, bu he se o dsgeeme, wves shoud subm o

husbds. I os, he pesos o he y e wys ued

w. Tee s eve se whee he Fhe oveues he So

deso. Idey, he exempy New esme se o

husbd d we uy mg deso s Cohs 7:,

whh Pu smpy es hem o gee. Fuhe, Spue sesh he Fhe hs gve uhoy d judgme o he So

(M. 8:8; Joh :7, 7:), bu, om ph pespe-

ve, husbd s ehe expeed o equed o she hs ow

spe uhoy wh hs we. Teeoe, dwg ogy be-

wee eoshps wh he y d hose bewee wome

d me s vd beuse suh ompso s oo dssm

u pos, o exmpe, ompg hum husbd d

we wh dve Fhe d So.


6/7


7/7


0. J. B. oe, Woh, Communty nd th un God o G, 60.. J. B. oe, Woh, Communty nd th un God o G, 9.. J. B. oe, Woh, Communty nd th un God o G, 9.. A. J. oe, Pon n Communon, .. J. B. oe, Woh, Communty nd th un God o G, 0.. A. J. oe, Pon n Communon, 6. Ts phse s bsed

o Gs :0.6. J. B. oe, Woh, Communty nd th un God o G, 0.7. Dvd W. oe, Shg he Msy o Chs, A P-

on o Cht: T Von tht Ignt Mnty , ed. Ge Dwso dJo Se (Edbugh: Te Hdse Pess, 999), 7.

8. Adeso, T Sh o Pto Toogy, .9. Bh, T Hoy St nd th Chtn L, 6.0. I do o edose dusm bewee u d supeu, s

God eve uses u hum pbes. Howeve, suh pbese o he bss o Gods soveeg . Tey my ooboe , budo o odo . Fuhemoe, hum pbes e eeve oys God ommdees hem o Gods ow puposes.

. Fee, Te Poy o Sp Gg, .. Sey J. Gez, Bb Peshood d Wome Msy,

Dovng Bb Equty, 78. See so Adeso, T Sh oPto Toogy, 86.

. Joh Ppe sses h me uhoy d eme submsso eo he essee o wh ue mhood d womhood e. See hs es-sy, A Vso o Bb Compemey: Mhood d WomhoodDefed Aodg o he Bbe, Rovng Bb Mnhood ndWomnhood, .

. Adeso, T Sh o Pto Toogy, .. As Chee Mowy LCug emds us, om he pespeveo Chs edempo, boh me d wome e beg omed ohe mge o Jesus Chs. Tus, oe spe o ue pesohood s ee-dom om boogy s desy (God Fo U: T nty nd Chtn L[New Yo: HpeSFso, 99], 8, 89). Fo ppoh oheoog hopoogy h ms dso bewee me deme whou heeby pojeg gede seeoypes, see Ry S. A-deso, On Bng Humn: Ey n Toog Anthooogy (Psde,C.: Fue Semy Pess, 98), 09.

6. Hs he Hoy Sp soveegy hose o oy me o ede-shp? Aodg o Spue, hs does o seem o be he se. Womee o edes (Deboh), pophes (Mm, Hudh, he dugh-es o Php), bedwes (Pov. ), house huh edes (Lyd),evgess (he wome Jesus omb), dspes ( Lue 0, My ssd ses Jesus ee he posue o dspe beoe bb), eh-

es (Ps), deos (Phoebe), d eve poses (Ju). Fo oheexmpes, see Ruh ue d We Leed, Dught o th Chuh:Womn nd Mnty om Nw tmnt m to th Pnt (GdRpds, Mh.: Zodev, 987). Oe ph espose s h Goduses wome o suh mses oy exepo umses, swhe me bde he esposby. Ts eo s, fs, og, be-use hee be o exepos o bsoue ues bsed o quvedsos. (I hee oud be exepos, how woud we ow whewe eoueed oe? Does o he vey possby o exepo howhe doos wde ope?) Seod, hs oo seems evee d ssedby (suey he soveeg God oud hve oud m some-whee, o eve eed oe). Te ey s h God whomeveGod ws, howeve d wheeve God ws o do .

7. Some hve dw pes bewee phy d he suoo svey. Is phy, e svey, esdu ppy d powe ou dy whh Chss ough o vqush? (I woud sy yes.) Fo

-deph ompso bewee svey d phy edg o eg-, edempve ppoh, see Wm J. Webb, Sv, Womn, ndHomoxu: Exong th Hmnut o Cutu Any (DowesGove, I.: IeVsy Pess, 00).

8. See, o exmpe: he essys o he ey bb exs Pee dGoohus, Dovng Bb Equty, s we s hose Ppe dGudem, Rovng Bb Mnhood nd Womnhood; Cg Bom-beg, Respose o Chee Koege o mohy ,Joun o BbEquty (989): 9; Joh . Bsow, Wht Pu Ry Sd AboutWomn: An Aot Lbtng Vw on Equty n Mg, Ld-h, nd Lov (S Fso, C.: Hpe & Row, 988); Sephe B.C,Mn nd Womn n Cht: n Exmnton o th Ro o Mnnd Womn n Lght o Stu nd th So Sn (A Abo,Mh.: Sev Boos, 990); R. M. Dvdso, Te Teoogy o Sexu-

y he Begg: Geess ,Andw Unvty Smny Stud 6,o. (Spg 988): ; Fs H. Ges, Pophey he Chuh,Ps d Pese, d s Sgfe o Wome Msy, Jouno Bb Equty (99): 789; H. Wye House, Te Msy oWome he Aposo d Posposo Peods, Bboth (988): 8799; Gehe Gebee Hu, A Exege Cse o heFu Ppo o Wome d Me he Chuh,Joun o BbEquty (99): ; Chee C. Koege, Wome he Chuh:A Cssss Vew o m :,Joun o Bb Equty (989):; Ave Mese, Womn, Authoty nd th Bb (DowesGove, I.: IeVsy Pess, 986); Ad B. Spee, Byond th Cu(Nshve, e.: Toms Neso, 98); Aexde Suh, BbEdh: An Ugnt C to Rto Bb Chuh Ldh (Le-o, Coo.: Lews d Roh, 99); Wd M. Swey, Svy, Sbbth,W, nd Womn (Sode, P.: Hed Pess, 98); Phys be, Godnd th Rhto o Sxuty (Phdeph, P.: Foess Pess, 978) dxt o o: Lty-Fmnt Rdng o Bb Ntv (Ph-deph, P.: Foess Pess, 98); My Sew V Leeuwe, Gndnd G: Lov, Wok, nd Pntng n Chngng Wod (DowesGove, I.: IeVsy Pess, 990) d Ppes, Powes, dGede Reos: Some Reeos o Pe Revouoes, Cux, o. (Sep. 99): 96; Bue K. We, Te Roe o Wome heBbe, Cux , o. (Sep. 99): 99, mohy :8: Uque oNomve?, Cux 8, o. (99): 7, d Te Reoshp o heSexes he Bbe, Cux 9 (98): 06.

9. See so Shouses dsusso o he New esmes msso-y pgmsm: Joh G. Shouse, J., Fny Fmnt: A Pgmt

Chtn Undtndng o Gnd (Gd Rpds, Mh.: Be A-dem, 00), 89.60. Fo ses gs ee uo subodosm, see, o

exmpe: Kev Ges, T nty nd Subodntonm: T Dotn oGod nd th Contmoy Gnd Dbt (Dowes Gove, I.: Ie-Vsy Pess, 00); Rebe M. Goohus, Equ Beg, Uequ Roe: Expog he Log o Womes Subodo, DovngBb Equty, 0; d Gbe Bez, Hemeeu Bu-gee-Jumpg: Subodo he Godhed,Joun o th EvngToog Soty 0, o. (997): 768. Fo deese o he poso,see o exmpe: Wye Gudem, Sytmt Toogy: An Intodutonto Bb Dotn (Leese: Ie-Vsy Pess/Gd Rpds, Mh.:Zodev, 99); d Sephe Kovh d Pee R. Shemm, J., ADeese o he Doe o he Ee Subodo o he So,Jouno th Evng Toog Soty , o. (999): 676.

6. Whe Auguse gs e poy o he Fhe, hs -

o me nquty ehe beg o uo, se he hee dvepesos wys sepby (Auguse, T nty IV/.0 [7]),ye hehss ommoy spe o wome beg equ dgy buuequ uo d oe.

6. Auguse, T nty IV/.0 (7).6. Auguse, Semo , Smon III: On th Nw tmnt,

s. Edmud H, p III, vo. , T Wok o Snt Augutn: Anton o th 21t Cntuy, ed. Joh E. Roee (New Yo, N.Y.: NewCy Pess, 99), 6.

6. See Auguse, Semo , 96.6. Auguse, Semo , 6. Howeve, he does ssg pes o

he pesos hs muu ove mode beuse he beeves hSpue ws by eveg h God s ove ( Joh :6).

66. As sde, poso bsed upo ee uo subod-osm wh he y seems o mpy he exeme om oso sm. I s heeoe vuebe o he sms deed

heoogs suh s Leod Hodgso, Leodo Bo, d JosephBe. See Joh L. Geshm, J., Te So Mode o he y ds Cs, Sotth Joun o Toogy 6, o. (99): .

67. Kovh d Shemm, A Deese, 6.68. Fo Ahsus, speeh bou he geeo o he So oes

he dve mmey d smpy. Lews Ayes exps, Homoou-o seguds he po h he Sos geeo s ue he gee-o o hum begs d does o vove he eo o oe hg hmy be seped om s ogo (N nd It Lgy, ). Whs se s he sus o he Sos exsee, o hs uo.

69. See Goohus, Equ Beg, Uequ Roe, 9.70. God oe mes use o suh ques, bu hey do o odo

Gods soveeg ; see oe .

women sharing in the ministry of god.pp.fall08

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