WMO-SMN Supported Research OnWMO-SMN Supported Research On An Expanded Operational Climate An Expanded Operational Climate

Division Network for MexicoDivision Network for Mexico

Art Douglas and Phil EnglehartArt Douglas and Phil EnglehartCreighton UniversityCreighton University

Expanding the 18 Climate Expanding the 18 Climate Division Grid in Mexico into Division Grid in Mexico into an Operational 24 Climate an Operational 24 Climate

Division Grid for NADMDivision Grid for NADM Overview of Mexico’s Historic 18 Climate Overview of Mexico’s Historic 18 Climate

Division.Division. Current Status of CLICOM and GASIR data Current Status of CLICOM and GASIR data

bases to be used for updating and expanding bases to be used for updating and expanding the climate divisional data base in Mexico. the climate divisional data base in Mexico.

Optimizing the GASIR data base to create Optimizing the GASIR data base to create Climate Division monthly means in a real time Climate Division monthly means in a real time setting.setting.

Formation of 6 New Climate Divisions in Formation of 6 New Climate Divisions in Mexico in previously sparse reporting regions.Mexico in previously sparse reporting regions.

The Original 18 Climate Divisions for Mexico1. Created in 1988 from best quality controlled long term stations.2. First updated in 1996.3. Unpopulated-data sparse areas of northern and southeastern Mexico could not produce time series >30years length in 1988.

Division Station Availability1900-2009

Expressed as number of station months available and station equivalent number of stations reporting.

For Precipitation Only

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Station Availability within the Station Availability within the 18 Divisions18 Divisions

1. The 276 stations composing the 1. The 276 stations composing the divisions had their divisions had their highest reporting levels 1950-1983. highest reporting levels 1950-1983.2. Die-off post 1984 associated with 2. Die-off post 1984 associated with a. Mexico City 1985 earthquake and a. Mexico City 1985 earthquake and data loss withdata loss with collapse of archive building and collapse of archive building and mail disruption. mail disruption. b. Economic crisis 1994. b. Economic crisis 1994. c. Transfer of historic long term SMN c. Transfer of historic long term SMN station grid station grid to CNA operations post 1994 and to CNA operations post 1994 and station closures. station closures. d. Transfer of key-entry from federal d. Transfer of key-entry from federal level to states. level to states. c. Normal attrition of stations. c. Normal attrition of stations.

STATUS OF PRECIPITATION STATION REPORTINGPoor Key-Entry Efforts Northern States

vs. Station Closures Southeast Mexico

Last Reporting Year + Prior to 1990 1990 – 2005 2006 2007-2009

Original 18 Division Temperature Grid vs.Current CLICOM Digital Data Archives

(In 1988 Key Entry Costs Required a Judicious Selection of a Limited Number of Divisional Temperature Stations)

Original GHCN New CLICOM

Temperature Station LengthsOriginal Divisional Stations vs. New CLICOM Available Divisional Stations

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NEW CLICOM Median =47 yr

Original GHCN Median = 63 yr

NOMI NAL RECORD LENGTH

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Division Station Availability1900-2009

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Number of Record Breaks Greater than 2 Years for Temperature

(Each Dot Equals One Station)

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Compilation is for Divisional Stations Only per CLICOM Archives

Examples of Quality Control on Original CLICOM Data Sets

CLICOM has WMO based QC software but bad data is still getting

into the archives at the SMN

25015 CULIACAN, SINALOA2000-2002 classic decimal problem – multiply everything by 10. mm vs. cm

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3060 SANTA GERTRUDIS BCS1965-1968 too consistently low – delete all 4 years. Not a decimal problem.

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28086 SAN FERNANDO, TAMAULIPASDirect Hit from Hurricane 1932 Kept Data.

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17006 EL RODEO, MORELOS Suspect data 1988-1992 DELETE 1988-1992 Values too high relative to closest neighboring stations.

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How do you update CLICOM Divisional data sets (digital archived data base) in an

operational setting when the stations have variable end dates 2001-present?

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The Divisional Station Grid vs.

GASIR Operational Data Grid from daily climate reports (available 2001-present)

Historic Divisional Stations BLACK Real Time GASIR Stations RED

Calculating Divisional Monthly Total Precipitation from GASIR daily operational reports that have

periodic missing data.Station State Year Month Division 1 2 3 Gap 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 MonthATLAPESCO HGO 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 14.5 8.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 3.7 30.0 31.5 118.5 11.0 222.7EL PUJ AL SLP 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 118.9 40.0 1.7 0.0 109.9 36.1 91.3 17.5 76.4 79.9 583.7HUEJ UTLA HGO 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 33.6 22.7 174.8 24.8 0.0 0.0 2.8 14.7 55.2 18.8 78.7 7.8 433.9LA SERVILLETATAMPS 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 21.3 44.2 0.0 0.0 36.0 79.3 52.0 8.2 43.9 3.0 291.1LIBERTAD VER 2007 AGO 14MARTINEZ DE LA TORREVER 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 5.8 36.2 89.2 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.2 110.4 81.7 25.6 351.3MATLAPA SLP 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 35.8 24.2 16.9 103.4 56.3 58.3 295.1MICOS SLP 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 103.0 69.3 20.5 0.0 34.0 47.0 45.5 19.0 40.7 382.9NARANJ O SLP 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 118.1 1.2 6.3 41.0 60.2 7.0 236.2REQUETEMU SLP 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 391.0 43.2 0.0 0.0 63.0 27.2 30.2 37.5 593.0SANTA ROSA SLP 2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 145.0 34.5 7.2 0.0 44.5 28.0 39.0 13.5 40.5 36.5 390.3

2007 AGO 14 0.0 0.0 5.4 10.1 145.2 36.6 4.4 0.1 33.3 30.6 41.9 36.0 63.8 31.7 511.7

Division Year Month CLICOM GASIR Difference YR Mean17 2001 June 116.36 171.92 -55.5617 2001 July 153.78 174.23 -20.4517 2001 August 150.86 191.91 -41.0517 2001 September 283.3 265.43 17.8717 2001 October 71.24 73.75 -2.5117 2002 June 238.9455 292.04 -53.094517 2002 July 129.2818 135.37 -6.088217 2002 August 75.99 105.41 -29.4217 2002 September 292.8727 269.22 23.652717 2002 October 78.31818 107.15 -28.8318217 2003 June 239.8636 232.11 7.753617 2003 July 107.8455 151.4 -43.554517 2003 August 164.6091 168.49 -3.880917 2003 September 245.7455 245.22 0.525517 2003 October 154.5909 163.1 -8.509117 2004 June 166.4545 180.43 -13.975517 2004 July 151.5182 149.9 1.618217 2004 August 94.18 134.4 -40.2217 2004 September 210.1091 215.88 -5.770917 2004 October 130.1818 117 13.181817 2005 June 261.7818 228.31 33.471817 2005 July 226.0727 263.71 -37.637317 2005 August 237.5273 219.05 18.477317 2005 September 195.6455 140.22 55.425517 2005 October 188.12 173.48 14.6417 2006 June 168.5222 185.6 -17.077817 2006 July 214.88 237.2 -22.3217 2006 August 77.45556 119.3 -41.8444417 2006 September 195.6 190.26 5.3417 2006 October 162.0556 92.33 69.7256

Average 172.790235 179.794 -7.003765Station Count 10 11

An example of CLICOM vs. GASIR calculated monthly precipitation data for Division 17 using additional substitute short term stations in the GASIR station mix. These short term stations are within the boundaries of the original division.

Routine Map Produced to Show Divisional Palmer Drought Indices

1) BLACK DOTS = STATIONS IN ORIGINAL 18 CLIMATE DIVISION NETWORK.2) RED X’S ARE STATIONS IN THE 6 NEW CLIMATE DIVISIONS.3) BLUE CIRCLES ARE STATIONS WITH AT LEAST 30 YEARS OF RECORD

AND 90% DATA RECOVERY WITH CLICOM ENDING YEAR NO EARLIER THAN 2007. THESE MAYBE INCLUDE STATIONS IN THE 24 DIVISION GRID.

4) BLACK SQUARES ARE STATIONS WITH 55 YEARS OF RECORD WITH AT LEAST 85% DATA RECOVERY REGARDLESS OF END DATE IN CLICOM.

Long Term Stations In Mexico Meeting 1 of 4 Criteria.

Geographic coverage of the 6 new Climate Divisions in Mexico and their spatial

relationship with stations in the preexisting 18 Climate Division Grid.

A Compatible Mexican-U.S. Climate Division Network

Summary and Summary and ConclusionsConclusions The historic 18 Climate Division Grid in Mexico The historic 18 Climate Division Grid in Mexico

can be maintained by updates from CLICOM can be maintained by updates from CLICOM and supplemented by finalized/corrected GASIR and supplemented by finalized/corrected GASIR data.data.

Due to frequent missing daily data in GASIR Due to frequent missing daily data in GASIR updates of the divisional monthly mean data updates of the divisional monthly mean data should be created by calculating daily means should be created by calculating daily means for the division and then creating monthly for the division and then creating monthly totals (Precipitation) or means (Temperature) totals (Precipitation) or means (Temperature) from the daily data. This minimizes dry from the daily data. This minimizes dry tendencies due to missing rainfall reports.tendencies due to missing rainfall reports.

The 24 Climate Division Grid in Mexico will The 24 Climate Division Grid in Mexico will become operational in 2010 with joint support become operational in 2010 with joint support form NOAA-NCDC and the Mexican Water form NOAA-NCDC and the Mexican Water Commission. A gridded data set (0.5°) will also Commission. A gridded data set (0.5°) will also be produced from the divisional data.be produced from the divisional data.