WMATA ALTERNATIVE FUEL/CLEAN FLEET PROGRAMSPRESENTED TO VIRGINIA TRANSIT AGENCIES

JUNE 9, 2009

WMATA OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

• 5TH largest transit bus fleet in the U.S.

• 1514 buses operating in a 1500 square mile transit zone

• Operating 50M annual miles out of 9 divisions – 3 in Virginia, 3 in D.C. and 3 in Maryland

• WMATA’s fleet is comprised of 461 CNG’s, 87 Hybrids, and 966 Diesels with an average age of 9.3 years.

• WMATA currently has an active procurement for the delivery of 203 hybrid electric buses of which 61 have been delivered (37 in-service). An additional 148 to be purchased, of which 48 will be funded by the ARRA stimulus program.

Low Emission InitiativesWMATA Board of Directors set a goal to be the nationwide leader among transit agencies to reduce emissions

Three pronged approach:1. Clean up existing diesels

2. Buy cleanest technology available (CNG, hybrid or clean diesel)

3. Explore advanced technologies (EV, hybrid, Fuel Cell, after-treatment, etc)

EMISSIONS PROJECTS

• Converted to ultra-low sulphur fuel in October 2001

• 500 + diesel buses retrofitted with particulate filters

• Tests conducted with various after-treatment products

• Various emission and fuel economy tests performed with support from NREL, Department of Energy (DOE) and West Virginia University

• Tests results are available through NREL.

Low Emission Initiatives

Clean up the Diesels

• Introduced cleaner ultra low sulfur diesel (2001)

• Retrofit 524 buses with soot filters

- 90% PM reduction - 95%+ HC, CO reduction

- 10% NOx reduction

• Repower buses

• If nothing else works, retire it!

Low Emission InitiativesBUY CNGs

• Large infrastructure investment - $15M Bladensburg, $12M Four Mile Run

• First order for 164-2001/02 buses, followed by 250-2005, then additional 25-2007, and 22-2008 buses to

coincide with garage retrofits

• Other agencies reported 20-30% lower reliability. WMATA has much better reliability on CNG buses

Cleanest engines available

Loss of electricity can cause operations shut down

Hybrid Maintenance Experience

• Ev 40 Hybrid Drive Unit

• Dual Power Inverter Module (DPIM)

• Energy Storage Unit (Battery)

Major Hybrid System Components

Ev 40 Hybrid Drive Unit

Early inspections of oil pan found debris indicating an Internal problem

• Defective drive units replaced by Allison local service shop

• Analysis by Allison determined source to be a thrust bearing design problem

• Oil sampling program monitoring identified other drive units with problems prior to failure

•Drive units changed-out with improved design drive unit

•All remaining drive units campaigned by Allison

•No failures with the improved design drive unit

Duel Power Inverter Module (DPIM)

• 35 DPIM units replaced to date

• Allison analysis found manufacturing and logic issues with the DPIM control module

• All modules reprogrammed to eliminate false trouble codes

• Recent experience with DPIM has been satisfactory

Energy Storage Unit (Battery)

• Excellent battery history to date

• No maintenance issues

• No battery replacements

• 6 year expected life (per Allison)

Other Maintenance Issues

Transmission Wiring Harness• Source of numerous false trouble codes• Required fleet wide replacement (2 times)• New Flyer component - design issues

Brake Life• 50% improvement of brake lining life • Regenerative braking system

Hybrid Performance Experience

• Total fleet mileage to date: 8,000,000 + miles• Mean Distance Between Failures: 10,499 miles• Fuel Economy: 3.93 MPG

9.5% better than diesel bus fleets

13.2 % better than CNG bus fleets• Fuel economy data from WVU onsite testing• Brake life 50% better than typical low floor bus

Hybrid Fleet MDBF (Miles)

High = 26,878 Low = 5,741 Average = 10,499