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A

REPORT

ON

ROOM NOISE DETECTOR AND VISUAL ALARM

BY

1. ANSHU KHANDELWAL---ECE-1(25300310036)2. RIJU BYABORTTA --- ECE-1(25300310054)

3. SOMNATH KHAMARU---ECE-1(25300310048)

A Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of

HU-481: Technical Report Writing.

SIR J.C. BOSE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

(SUPREME KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATIONS GROUP OFINSTITUTIONS)

1-KHAN ROAD, MANKUNDUHOOGHLY-712139

WEST BENGAL, INDIA

MAY-2012


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CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISORS

Mrs. Srima Nandi, M.A., M.Phil. Mr. Soumen Khatua, M.Tech.Assistant Professor Head of the Department

Department of Humanities & Social Sciences Department of Electronics

Sir J.C Bose School of Engineering & Communication Engineering

Mankundu, West Bengal. Sir J.C Bose School Engg

Mankundu, West Bengal.

This is to certify that the Technical Report Writing on ROOM NOISE DETECTOR

AND VISUAL ALARM is a record of work done by the candidate during the period

January-2012 to May-2012 at Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering affiliated to

West Bengal University of Technology.

---------------------------- -------------------------

Signature Signature

(Ms. Srima Nandi) (Mr.Soumen Khatua)

(i)


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STATEMENT BY THE CANDIDATE

Somnath Khamaru -2 nd Year B.Tech.

Department of Electronics andCommunication Engineering

Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering

Mankundu, West Bengal.

I hereby state that the Technical Report on ROOM NOISE DETECTOR AND

VISUAL ALARM is a report done by me as a part of the Technical Report Writing:

HU-481 during the period January-2012 to May 2012.

-----------------------------Signature

(ii)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


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I deem it a pleasure to acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude to Ms. Srima

Nandi , Assistant professor, Department of Humanities & Social Science, Sir J.C.

Bose School of Engineering, who directed and guided me with her timely advicewhich eased task of completing this Technical Report.

I wish to reciprocate in full measure the kindness shown by Mr. Soumen Khatua ,

Head of the Department, Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering, Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, who encouraged and inspired

me in successfully completing the Technical Report.

Finally I must say that no height is ever achieved without some sacrifice made at

some end and it is here I owe my special debt to my parents for showing their

generous love throughout the entire period of time.

(iii)

PREFACE


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Noise is always a problem for the society. Its the disturbance that no one likes. So

in order to curb the noise we first have to technically measure a sound and after

comparing with a preset level we could understand if that particular sound is a

noise or not.

In this technical report, we have mentioned a device which will be able to detect

sound and compare it with a preset level and declare if that particular sound is a

noise or not.

The first chapter deals with the literature survey i.e. the basics of detectors and the

parameters of the detectors .The second chapter focuses on the components used

to make the detectors i.e. the parts list. The third chapter gives the information

about the cost of making the circuit. The fourth chapter highlights the working

principle i.e. how the circuit works electronically. The fifth chapter describes the

different applications of the circuit.

Thus with the novel use of this room noise detectors and alarm we would be able to

make people aware of the noise they are creating.

(iv)


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T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

Chapter Topic Page number

Introduction 1

1 Literature survey 4

2 Equipments 7

3 Price tag 15

4 Working principle 16

5 Application 18

Conclusion 19

Bibliography 20


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INTRODUCTION

Noise is a common word is our day to day life. Status of a place is judged by the

noise level maintained there. Noise gives us an idea of suitability of a place for

human habitat. Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal, or

machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human

or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction

and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise, and rail

noise.

In this project we deal with noise, or rather in a broader sense we measure noise.

Usually, small-scale and medium-scale factories do not have systems to inspect

noise levels. The high expenditure to acquire such devices from the current

competitive market makes them shy off from installing such systems. Also they

have some physical constraints such as cannot bear heat, heavy mechanical

pressure, etc .Keeping a view of these shortcomings, this project aims at providing

a rugged and cost effective detector circuit assembled using low-cost components

with the intention of substituting the current commercially existing versions. This

project aims at giving a highly accurate output thus providing a good calibration of

the level of noise in the room.

So we introduce a device which has the ability to measure noise of any place and

give us an idea if that place is suitable for human habitat. The device is nominal

cost, efficient and versatile. Its named as room noise sensor, detector and visual

alarm.

[1]


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Fig 1: NOISE POLLUTION

A sensor is a device capable of registering a specific substance or physical

phenomenon. A detector is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts

it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. There are

various kinds of detectors like temperature detector (Thermocouple), light

detector (LDR), sound detector (microphone), etc.

Scrutinizing Room Noise Detector: This circuit keeps a tab on the noise levels in

a room using detectors like microphone, and displays output in the form of

blinking LEDs. It can detect three threshold levels 50, 70, 85 dB. A three array

LED just makes the output look magnificent. The circuit would be able to use a 0-

99 counter to count the number of times the highest noise level set by the

authorities is reached. Hence this allows the authorities to know how much noise

pollution occurs at a particular place, which helps them to take measures to reducenoise pollution of a particular place.

[2]


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CHAPTER: 1

L ITERATURE SURVEY

1.1 BASICS OF DETECTORS

A detector is a device which receives and responds to a signal or stimulus.

Here, the term "stimulus" means a property or a quantity that needs to be

converted into electrical form. Hence, detector can be defined as a device

which receives a signal and converts it into electrical form which can be

further used for electronic devices. A detector differs from a transducer in

the way that a transducer converts one form of energy into other form

whereas a detector converts the received signal into electrical form only.

A good detector obeys the following rules:

Is sensitive to the measured property.

Is insensitive to any other property likely to be encountered in its

application.

Does not influence the measured property.

A sound detector has its measurement calibrated in decibels (dBs).

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1.2 TYPES OF DETECTORS

Detectors can be classified on the basis of quantity it measures. Some of

them are:

1. Temperature detectors like thermocouple, RTD, etc.

2. Light detectors like LDRs, phototransistors, etc.

3. Sound detectors like microphone, lace sensor, hydrophone, etc.

4. Infrared detector like IR sensor, etc.

5. Radiation detector like particle detector, etc.6. Position Detector like accelerometer, free fall sensor, etc.

7. Pressure Detector like Bourdon gauge, Barometer, etc.

8. Flow detector like air flow meter, anemometer, etc.

1.3 PARAMETERS

1.3.1 SENSITIVITY

The sensitivity is then defined as the ratio between output signal and measured

property. For example, if a sensor measures temperature and has a voltage output,

the sensitivity is a constant with the unit [V/K]; this sensor is linear because the

ratio is constant at all points of measurement .

[5]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_(electronics)


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1.3.2 RESOLUTION

The resolution of a sensor is the smallest change it can detect in the quantity that it

is measuring. Often in a digital display , the least significant digit will fluctuate,

indicating that changes of that magnitude are only just resolved. The resolution isrelated to the precision with which the measurement is made. For example,

a scanning tunneling probe (a fine tip near a surface collects an electron tunneling

current) can resolve atoms and molecules .

1.4 APPLICATIONS OF NOISE DETECTORS

1. Checking decibel level in industries, near hospitals, etc.

2. Study effect of noise on human body.

3. Traffic Noise level studies.

4. Scientific analysis of noise.

[6]

CHAPTER: 2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule


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EQUIPMENTS The circuit consists of many active and passive components of analog electronics.

So in this chapter we will define the different components used in the circuit and

give there specifications. This will give an idea of the importance of the

components used in the circuit and the necessity of the components in the circuit.

Each and every equipment used in the circuit is able to with stand extreme

conditions like high voltage flow and heat.

2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 2: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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2.2 PARTS LIST

2.2.1 RESISTORS

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements

electrical resistance as a circuit element. The current through a resistor is in direct

proportion to the voltage across the resistor's terminals. Thus, the ratio of the

voltage applied across a resistor's terminals to the intensity of current through the

circuit is called resistance. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds

and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as

nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits,

particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed

circuits.

Fig 3: RESISTOR

R1____________10K 1/4W Resistor

R2, R3_________22K 1/4W Resistors

R4___________100K 1/4W Resistor

R5, R9, R10_____56K 1/4W Resistors

R6_____________5K6 1/4W Resistor

R7___________560R 1/4W Resistor

R8_____________2K2 1/4W Resistor

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R11____________1K 1/4W Resistor

R12___________33K 1/4W Resistor

R13__________330R 1/4W Resistor

2.2.2 CAPACITORS

A capacitor (originally known as condenser ) is a passive two-terminal electrical

component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical

capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated

by a dielectric (insulator); for example, one common construction consists of metal

foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as

parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices .

Fig 4: CAPACITOR

C1___________100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor

C2____________10F 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

C3___________470F 25V Electrolytic CapacitorC4____________47F 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

[9]


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2.2.3 LEDS

A light-emitting diode (LED ) is a semiconductor light source. ] LEDs are used as

indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting.

Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-

intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet,

and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

Fig 5: LEDS

D1_____________5mm. Red LED

D2_____________5mm.Green LED

D3_____________5mm. Blue LED

[10]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#cite_note-2


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2.2.4 IC CHIPS

2.2.4.1 Pin out of IC LM358

The LM358 consists of two independent, high gain, internally frequency

compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate

from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. It provides a high gain

for weak signals.

Fig 6: INTERNAL CONFIGURATION OF LM358 Fig 7: PICTURE OF LM358

2.2.5 TERMINALS OF TRANSISTOR BC327

A PNP general purpose transistor in a TO-92 package, used for general

purpose switching and amplifier applications which is suitable for AFdriver stages and low power output stages of audio amplifiers due to itsfeatures of high current at 500 mA maximum and low voltage at 45 Vmaximum.

[11]


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Fig 8: PIN OUT FOR BC327

2.2.6 SPECIFICATIONS OF MICROPHONE

An electret microphone is a type of condenser microphone, which eliminates the

need for a polarizing power supply by using a permanently charged material.

Sensitivity : -45 3 dBFrequency Range : 100 Hz to 10 kHz

Signal to Noise Ratio : 58 dB

Fig 9:ELECTRET MICROPHONE

[12]


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2.2.7 ROTARY SWITCH

A rotary switch is a switch operated by rotation. These are often chosen when

more than 2 positions are needed, such as a three-speed fan or a CB radio with

multiple frequencies of reception or "channels. A rotary switch consists of a

spindle or "rotor" that has a contact arm or "spoke" which projects from its surface

like a cam. It has an array of terminals, arranged in a circle around the rotor, each

of which serves as a contact for the "spoke" through which any one of a number of

different electrical circuits can be connected to the rotor. The switch is layered to

allow the use of multiple poles; each layer is equivalent to one pole.

Fig 10: 2 POLES 4 WAYS ROTARY SWITCH

SW1__________2 poles 4 ways rotary switch

[13]


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2.2.8 BATTERY

The most common form of nine-volt battery type PP3, and is commonly called

the transistor battery since its first wide introduction into the market was inside

the early transistor radios. The battery is a rectangular prism shape with rounded

edges and a polarized snap connector at the top. This format is commonly available

in primary carbon-zinc and alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide,

and in rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride types.

Fig 11: 9V PP3 BATTERY

B1___________9V PP3 Battery

[14]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg


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CHAPTER: 3

PRICE TAG

This chapter highlights the practical cost of the circuit. We have tried to give an

estimation of the cost of making the circuit. The cost is not for production on

commercial basis as we have excluded our transportation cost and our profit. The

cost of components may change due to change is market rates.

3.1 COST OF THE CIRCUIT

COMPONENT QUANTITY TOTAL COST (IN

RUPEES)RESISTOR 15 10

CAPACITOR 4 6

TRANSISTOR 1 4

LED 3 3

IC CHIPS( LM358) 1 8

ROTARY SWITCHWITH CAP

1 90

BATTERY(9V) 1 10

TABLE 2: COST OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS

SO TOTAL COST OF THE CIRCUIT= RS. 131

[15]


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CHAPTER: 4

WORKING PRINCIPLE

4.1 WORKING OF ROOM NOISE DETECTOR

The complete working of Room Noise Detector has been described under the

consideration that sound signal is sinusoidal in nature. Hence a descriptive

working for positive half cycle of the signal is in this manner:

1. The R4 C1 combination is responsible for AC coupling with the high

gain OP-AMPs. The R3 C2 parallel arrangement makes sure that only

DC signal flows through R3 and remains shorted for sound signal.

2. IC1A configuration is employed in non-inverting amplifier mode with

variable gain controlled by resistors R5, R6 and R7.

Formula for Gain:

AV =1 +

Where i = 5, 6, 7.

These resistors provide selection for 50 dB, 70 dB and 85 dB threshold

respectively.

3. IC1A is coupled with IC1B and the second OPAMP is in difference

amplifier mode. For positive half cycles, the R8 resistor takes along a

signal synchronized with input signal with its negative cycles clipped.

Also input to non-inverting terminal is the original amplified signal.

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4. The output of IC1B is only negative pulses in every positive cycles of

input. The capacitor is for input coupling and the transistor being PNP

it gets ON when base voltage is negative when compared to the emitter

i.e. V BE -0.7.

5. The R11 C3 combination is an LPF allowing only low frequency

signals to pass through and attenuating high frequency signals.

6.

It is clear that noise or sound signals have a positive amplitude w.r.tground. The PNP transistor produces positive collector current spikes

when a negative pulse is provided to base of the transistor.

7. Thus the LEDs show the output depending upon user selection of dBs.

8. As the LEDs glow then it acts as a clock pulse and the no of times theLEDS will glow the IC 7490 counter will count it and it will be decoded

by the IC 7448(active high) decoder.

9. Hence the decoder will drive the seven segment display.


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CHAPTER: 5

APPLICATIONS Modern technology

Owes ecology

An apology.

~Alan M. Eddison

Any technology has its own applications, without applications a

technology cannot exist. So this chapter highlights different applications of the

device in our daily life. The applications are practical and are exact solutions to the

problem.

5.1 UTILITY

1. The 50 db setting is provided to monitor the noise in the bedroom at night. If

the LED is steady on, or flashes bright often, then your bedroom isinadequate and too noisy for sleep.

2. The 70 db setting is for living-rooms. If this level is often exceeded during

the day, your apartment is rather uncomfortable.

3. If noise level is constantly over 85 db, 8 hours day, then you are living in a

dangerous environment.

4. The noise detector circuit can be used commercially by pollution control

agencies. It can be installed in industries and give indications when noise

level goes high and count the no of time the noise level exceeds safe limits

and is indicated by a 7 segment display system.

5. Even this device can be installed in schools, colleges and measure noise

created by students and indicates or warns them to control the noise level.


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[18]

CONCLUSION

This room noise detector leads us to make a comfortable solution to the noise

pollution detection and making people aware of the noise pollution caused by

them. All our hard work were fruitful and thus we succeed is making the ROOM

NOISE DETECTOR AND VISUAL ALARM . This device also helps us to know how

many times a noise pollution occurs on a particular place in a particular day. This

device gives a two way solution, it not only aware us of the noise created but alsohelps us to punish the noise polluters. This device is very handy, portable and

easily access able. This is a almost commercial device and suits the commercial

standards, yet it is very cost efficient .We ensure further development in this field

and hope to make a fully integrated commercial device of noise detection and noise

pollution control in future . We end our technical report wish this beautiful

quotation which concludes that science is the mother of knowledge.

I conclude that, while it is true that science cannot decide questions of

value, that is because they cannot be intellectually decided at all, and lie

outside the realm of truth and falsehood. Whatever knowledge is

attainable, must be attained by scientific methods; and what science

cannot discover, mankind cannot know.

Bertrand Russell


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[19]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEB SOURCES

1. http://www.redcircuits.com/Page16.htm

2. http://www.scribd.com/

3. http://www.wikipedia.org/

4. http://project-circuit.blogspot.in/2009/11/room-noise-detector-circuit.html/

5. http://www.alldatasheet.com/

TEXT SOURCES

1. V.K.Mehta And Rohit Mehta, Principles Of Electronics , S.Chand And CompanyLtd.,New Delhi,Vol 1,2012.

2. D.chattopadhay And P.C. Rakshit , Electronics Fundamentals And Applications , New Age International (P).Ltd. ,New Delhi ,Vol 1, 2011.

3. D.Roychowdury And Shail.B.Jain , Linear Integrated Circuit , New AgeInternational (P).Ltd. ,New Delhi ,Vol 1, 2010.

4. Bertrand Russell, Religion And Science (1935), 243.


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