wireless digital subscriber line

Wireless Digital Subscriber LineWireless Digital Subscriber Line(WDSL)(WDSL)

Presented By:Presented By:Kashif AkramKashif AkramStudent ID: 04910284Student ID: 04910284

MSc Mobile Computer SystemsMSc Mobile Computer Systems

Presented To:Presented To: John Byrne (Supervisor)John Byrne (Supervisor)

John Cowley (Second Assessor)John Cowley (Second Assessor)

ContentsContents

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication Digital Subscriber Line (DSL).Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). Wireless Fldelity (WiFi)Wireless Fldelity (WiFi) World Interoperability for Microwave Access World Interoperability for Microwave Access

(WiMAX)(WiMAX) ConclusionConclusion Further WorkFurther Work

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication

IntroductionIntroduction

• Future of Handheld devices.Future of Handheld devices.• Development in last 15 to 20 years.Development in last 15 to 20 years.• Cost effectiveness and portability.Cost effectiveness and portability.• Easy to install.Easy to install.

Evolution of Wireless NetworksEvolution of Wireless Networks

• Wireless Communication in old times. Wireless Communication in old times. • First Wireless Communication System 1895 by Guglielmo First Wireless Communication System 1895 by Guglielmo

Marconi. (Distance 18 miles)Marconi. (Distance 18 miles)• 1902 first bidirectional communication system across the Atlantic 1902 first bidirectional communication system across the Atlantic

Ocean from Cornwall to Newfoundland.Ocean from Cornwall to Newfoundland.


Early Mobile Telephony:Early Mobile Telephony:• 1946, Mobile Telephone System (MTS).1946, Mobile Telephone System (MTS).• Introduced in 25 cities of USA.Introduced in 25 cities of USA.• Analogue and half duplex System.Analogue and half duplex System.• Manual Call Switching. Manual Call Switching. • Limited channels in some cases there are only 3 channels.Limited channels in some cases there are only 3 channels.• 1960, new version of MTS Improved Mobile Telephony 1960, new version of MTS Improved Mobile Telephony

System (IMTS)System (IMTS)• Full duplex.Full duplex.• Automatic Call Switching and 23 channels can be used Automatic Call Switching and 23 channels can be used

simultaneously.simultaneously.

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication Analogue Cellular Telephony or 1Analogue Cellular Telephony or 1stst Generation (1G) Generation (1G)

• IMTS transmitters producing interference.IMTS transmitters producing interference.• Not efficient use of spectrum.Not efficient use of spectrum.• During During 1950’s and1950’s and 1960’s AT&T Bell Lab introduced new 1960’s AT&T Bell Lab introduced new

concept of cellular networks.concept of cellular networks.• Switching cells without the noticeable degradation of voice Switching cells without the noticeable degradation of voice

call.call.• In 1982, Advance Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), the first In 1982, Advance Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), the first

commercial analogue system in USA.commercial analogue system in USA.• Total Access Communication System (TACS) adjacent to Total Access Communication System (TACS) adjacent to

AMPS, introduced in UK, Spain, Italy, Austria and Ireland.AMPS, introduced in UK, Spain, Italy, Austria and Ireland.

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication Digital Cellular Telephony or 2Digital Cellular Telephony or 2ndnd Generation (2G) Generation (2G)

• In this the data was represented digitally.In this the data was represented digitally.• Short Messaging Service Support. Short Messaging Service Support. 10kbps• Caller ID.Caller ID.• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

Works on 900, 1800, 1900 MHz frequency band.Works on 900, 1800, 1900 MHz frequency band. The system uses 1800 MHz frequency band is known as DCS The system uses 1800 MHz frequency band is known as DCS

1800.1800. 1982 2G activities started in Europe.1982 2G activities started in Europe. A Study Group named Group Special Mobile was created for A Study Group named Group Special Mobile was created for

specify a common European Standards later on named as specify a common European Standards later on named as Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM).Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM).

First deployment 1992.First deployment 1992.


High Speed Circuit Switch Data (HSCSD) and General High Speed Circuit Switch Data (HSCSD) and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

• GSM is compatible with both the technologies.GSM is compatible with both the technologies.• HSCSD HSCSD

More time slots per frame result better data rate.More time slots per frame result better data rate. Date rates 57.6, 43.2 and 28.8Kbps.Date rates 57.6, 43.2 and 28.8Kbps. Support asymmetric communication. Support asymmetric communication.

• GPRSGPRS Works on HSCSD principle more time slots per frame.Works on HSCSD principle more time slots per frame. Bandwidth on demand. Bandwidth on demand. Supports data rate from 14.4Kbps to 115.2Kbps Supports data rate from 14.4Kbps to 115.2Kbps Supports Symmetric and Asymmetric communicationSupports Symmetric and Asymmetric communication

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication IS95IS95

• 1993 new standard of 2G IS95 or CDMAOne.1993 new standard of 2G IS95 or CDMAOne.• Works on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Works on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)• Data rate 4.8 to 14.4KbpsData rate 4.8 to 14.4Kbps• Newer version IS95b or CDMATwoNewer version IS95b or CDMATwo• Data rate 115.2Kbps Data rate 115.2Kbps

D-AMPSD-AMPS• 1996 advance version of IS95, the IS136 or D-AMPS 1996 advance version of IS95, the IS136 or D-AMPS

introduced.introduced.• Data rate 3Kbps.Data rate 3Kbps.• Enhancement of D-AMPS is D-AMPS+Enhancement of D-AMPS is D-AMPS+• D-AMPS+ offers date rate 9.6 to 19.2Kbps.D-AMPS+ offers date rate 9.6 to 19.2Kbps.• Compatible with IS95.Compatible with IS95.

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication Third Generation (3G)Third Generation (3G)

• Increasing user demands.Increasing user demands.• EDGEEDGE

Enhancement Data Rates for Global EvolutionEnhancement Data Rates for Global Evolution Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based modulationTime Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based modulation Theoretical data rate up to 473.6Kbps but practically it is Theoretical data rate up to 473.6Kbps but practically it is

around 68kbps.around 68kbps. Backward compatibility GSM.Backward compatibility GSM.

• CDMA-2000CDMA-2000 Enhancement to Code Division Multiple Access.Enhancement to Code Division Multiple Access. Data rate 2MbpsData rate 2Mbps Backward compatibility IS95.Backward compatibility IS95.


W-CDMAW-CDMA• Wideband Code Division Multiple Access.Wideband Code Division Multiple Access.• Uses 5MHz wideband and offers 2Mbps.Uses 5MHz wideband and offers 2Mbps.

Fourth Generation (4G)Fourth Generation (4G)• Aim is high data rate up to 100MbpsAim is high data rate up to 100Mbps• Quality of Service (QoS)Quality of Service (QoS)• Improved SecurityImproved Security• Uninterrupted operation across networks. Uninterrupted operation across networks.

Digital Subscriber LineDigital Subscriber Line

IntroductionIntroduction• Developed in 1989.Developed in 1989.• Main purpose was video streaming.Main purpose was video streaming.• Data rate up to 6Mbps.Data rate up to 6Mbps.• Asymmetric communication.Asymmetric communication.

Types of DSLTypes of DSL• ADSLADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Designed for home users.Designed for home users. Download speed from 1.5 to 9Mbps.Download speed from 1.5 to 9Mbps. Upload speed is around 1.5Mbps.Upload speed is around 1.5Mbps.


• ADSL LiteADSL Lite• Low speed version of ADSL.Low speed version of ADSL.• Download speed 1Mbps.Download speed 1Mbps.• Upload speed 512Kbps.Upload speed 512Kbps.• Within the range of 18000 feet from service provider.Within the range of 18000 feet from service provider.

• R-ADSLR-ADSL• Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line.Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line.• Same data rates as ADSL but in this the modem can be Same data rates as ADSL but in this the modem can be

adjusted variably according to the length of line and adjusted variably according to the length of line and quality. quality.


• HDSLHDSL High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line.High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line. Symmetric connectivity. Symmetric connectivity. Data rate 1.544 to 2.048MbpsData rate 1.544 to 2.048Mbps Distance from service provider 12000 to 15000 feet.Distance from service provider 12000 to 15000 feet. Designed for video conferencing.Designed for video conferencing.

• SDSLSDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line.Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Designed for business applications.Designed for business applications. Speed from 192Kbps to 1.1Mbps.Speed from 192Kbps to 1.1Mbps.


• IDSLIDSL ISDN Digital Subscriber LineISDN Digital Subscriber Line Data rate 144Kbps which is slightly higher than Data rate 144Kbps which is slightly higher than

ISDN 128KbpsISDN 128Kbps• VDSLVDSL

• Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber LineVery High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line• Fastest in all DSL types.Fastest in all DSL types.• Data rates 13-52Mbps downstream and 1.5 to Data rates 13-52Mbps downstream and 1.5 to

2.3Mbps upstream.2.3Mbps upstream.• Distance 1000 to 4500 feet from service provider Distance 1000 to 4500 feet from service provider

end.end.

Digital Subscriber LineDigital Subscriber Line DSL EquipmentDSL Equipment

• DSLAMDSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer.Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. DSL Multiplexer connects DSL lines with ATM, DSL Multiplexer connects DSL lines with ATM,

frame relay or internet protocols.frame relay or internet protocols. Supports Quality of Service features like Supports Quality of Service features like

contention, diffserv and priority queues.contention, diffserv and priority queues. The common upstream link in the DSLAM use The common upstream link in the DSLAM use

Giga bit Ethernet or multi Giga bit fibre optic Giga bit Ethernet or multi Giga bit fibre optic links.links.

However not a full stateful firewall, some However not a full stateful firewall, some DSLAM’s offers packet filtering. DSLAM’s offers packet filtering.

DSLAM acts like a massive network switch.DSLAM acts like a massive network switch.


• ATMATM• Asynchronous Transfer Mode.Asynchronous Transfer Mode.• Designed for voice networks.Designed for voice networks.• Still used for voice and TDM services but Still used for voice and TDM services but

majorly used for data networks.majorly used for data networks.• Guaranteed bandwidth at customer end.Guaranteed bandwidth at customer end.• Installed with network backbone router to assure Installed with network backbone router to assure

QoS with high reliability.QoS with high reliability.• There is a virtual connection between ATM and There is a virtual connection between ATM and

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) using Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) using DSLAM.DSLAM.


BRASBRAS• Broadband Remote Access Server.Broadband Remote Access Server.• Aggregates traffic from big number of users to reduce Aggregates traffic from big number of users to reduce

cost per user.cost per user.• Perform number of functions:Perform number of functions:

Accounting, Authentication and Authorization (AAA)Accounting, Authentication and Authorization (AAA) VPNVPN TunnellingTunnelling Full IP routingFull IP routing Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)

IntroductionIntroduction• Introduced in 1994 by WiFi Alliance.Introduced in 1994 by WiFi Alliance.• 1997 IEEE defined WiFi as standard 802.11.1997 IEEE defined WiFi as standard 802.11.• 1999 802.11b was introduced.1999 802.11b was introduced.• 2002 802.11g was introduced.2002 802.11g was introduced.• Works on 2.4GHz and 5GHzWorks on 2.4GHz and 5GHz

ImplementationImplementation There are three methods to implement There are three methods to implement

• LAN ExtensionLAN Extension• Nomadic AccessNomadic Access• Ad-Hoc NetworkingAd-Hoc Networking


• LAN ExtensionLAN Extension Simple Configuration.Simple Configuration. Backbone wired network.Backbone wired network. Control Module (CM) works as interface to WLAN.Control Module (CM) works as interface to WLAN. CM can be any thing switch or router.CM can be any thing switch or router.


• Nomadic AccessNomadic Access Offers wireless Link between LAN Hub and a Offers wireless Link between LAN Hub and a

wireless station.wireless station. Wireless station can be any laptop or wireless router.Wireless station can be any laptop or wireless router.

Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)• Ad-Hoc NetworkingAd-Hoc Networking

Peer to Peer network.Peer to Peer network. No centralized Access Point (AP) each node work as AP .No centralized Access Point (AP) each node work as AP . Each node work as a bridge.Each node work as a bridge. Best solution for emergency set up.Best solution for emergency set up. Not Secure.Not Secure.


Types of WiFiTypes of WiFi There are many standards I will discuss the most common:There are many standards I will discuss the most common:

• 802.11b802.11b Introduced in 1999.Introduced in 1999. Works on 2.40 and 2.4835GHz band.Works on 2.40 and 2.4835GHz band. Theoretical data rate up to 11Mbps on average Theoretical data rate up to 11Mbps on average

its 4 to 6Mbps. its 4 to 6Mbps. Coverage area 75 to 100 meters.Coverage area 75 to 100 meters. Interference can be caused by microwave ovens, Interference can be caused by microwave ovens,

cordless phones and bluetooth devices. cordless phones and bluetooth devices.


• 802.11a802.11a Introduced in 2003.Introduced in 2003. Works on 5.725 to 5.850 GHz.Works on 5.725 to 5.850 GHz. Data rate up to 54Mbps.Data rate up to 54Mbps. Average data rate is 6,12 and 24Mbps, practical Average data rate is 6,12 and 24Mbps, practical

throughput is 20 to 25Mbps.throughput is 20 to 25Mbps. Range up to 25 meters.Range up to 25 meters. No interference with microwave or phones.No interference with microwave or phones.


• 802.11g802.11g• Introduced in 2003.Introduced in 2003.• Data rate 54Mbps.Data rate 54Mbps.• Works on 2.40 to 2.4835GHz.Works on 2.40 to 2.4835GHz.• Compatible with 802.11b.Compatible with 802.11b.• Coverage area 75 to 100meters. Coverage area 75 to 100meters.

Worldwide Interoperability Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) Microwave Access (WiMAX)

IntroductionIntroduction• Created a revolution in the communication world.Created a revolution in the communication world.• Non Line of Sight (LOS) communication.Non Line of Sight (LOS) communication.• Alternative to wired DSL, T1/E1 variants.Alternative to wired DSL, T1/E1 variants.• IEEE standard 802.16.IEEE standard 802.16.• Works on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Works on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

(OFDM).(OFDM).• Bandwidth 70Mbps or 2 to 10Mbps/user in 6miles.Bandwidth 70Mbps or 2 to 10Mbps/user in 6miles.• Frequency band 10 to 66GHz Frequency band 10 to 66GHz

Worldwide Interoperability Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX)Microwave Access (WiMAX)

Standard Description

802.16 Ratified 2001.Work on 10-66GHz frequency band.

802.16a January 2003, for systems using 11GHz and below

802.16-2004 June 2003, also known as 802.16d and contains 802.16a and WiMAX forum features

802.16e 2005. Support for nomadic roaming and contains hands off procedures between 802.16 and base

station.

802.16f/g Addresses network management, efficient handovers and improved QoS


Development Scenarios of WiMAXDevelopment Scenarios of WiMAX• Wireless BackhaulingWireless Backhauling

Cost effective and high performance alternate.Cost effective and high performance alternate. High bandwidth made it superior alternate.High bandwidth made it superior alternate.

Worldwide Interoperability Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX)Microwave Access (WiMAX)• LOS Based Wireless Broadband AccessLOS Based Wireless Broadband Access

Less installation time for Telephone Service Providers (TSP’s).Less installation time for Telephone Service Providers (TSP’s). Quicker and cheaper solution for customers.Quicker and cheaper solution for customers. Adjustable speed according to requirements.Adjustable speed according to requirements. 802.16d can be used for low population or low traffic areas.802.16d can be used for low population or low traffic areas.

Worldwide Interoperability Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX)Microwave Access (WiMAX)• Mobile Wireless Services.Mobile Wireless Services.

IEEE802.16e standard provides mobility.IEEE802.16e standard provides mobility. Similar to traditional wireless technologies.Similar to traditional wireless technologies. Supports up to 80M/hr speed.Supports up to 80M/hr speed.


WiMAX Architecture:WiMAX Architecture:• In 802.16 IEEE limited itself to MAC and PHY layer.In 802.16 IEEE limited itself to MAC and PHY layer.• WiMAX forum is working on End to End architecture.WiMAX forum is working on End to End architecture.• Major components of the architecture are:Major components of the architecture are:

ASNASN CSNCSN

Worldwide Interoperability Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX)Microwave Access (WiMAX)• ASNASN

Access Service NetworkAccess Service Network Network may have one or more than one ASN Network may have one or more than one ASN

Gateways.Gateways. ASN manages MAC access functions like, ASN manages MAC access functions like,

Paging, Radio Resource Management (RRM) Paging, Radio Resource Management (RRM) and mobility between stations.and mobility between stations.

Radio level management is done by ASN.Radio level management is done by ASN.

Worldwide Interoperability Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX)Microwave Access (WiMAX)• CSNCSN

• Connectivity Service Network.Connectivity Service Network.• Manages gateways for Internet Access, routers, Manages gateways for Internet Access, routers,

proxies for AAA, IP allocation, Servers, proxies for AAA, IP allocation, Servers, Internetworking devices, admission and policy Internetworking devices, admission and policy control and user database.control and user database.

Topology SupportTopology Support• Point to PointPoint to Point• Point to MultipointPoint to Multipoint• Mesh NetworkMesh Network

ConclusionConclusion

Future of Wireless Handheld devices.Future of Wireless Handheld devices. Providing flexibility and portability to different Providing flexibility and portability to different

enviourment since different regions have different enviourment since different regions have different regulations.regulations.

Reducing interference between different Reducing interference between different technologies.technologies.

New high speed data networks.New high speed data networks. Improving security.Improving security.

Further WorkFurther Work

In my research paper I will be working on:In my research paper I will be working on:

Mobility in WiMAX.Mobility in WiMAX.

wireless digital subscriber line

Business

wireless communication

wireless communication

asymmetric communication

high data rate

cdmatwo data rate

better data rate

mobile communication

mobile telephone system