1

Winston Churchill, Universität Zürich, 19 September 1946

«I wish to speak to you today about the tragedy of Europe. This noble continent, comprising on

the whole the fairest and the most cultivated regions of the earth, enjoying a temperate and

equable climate, is the home of all the great parent races of the western world. It is the fountain

of Christian faith and Christian ethics.

It is the origin of most of the culture, the arts, philosophy and science both of ancient and

modern time. If Europe were once united in the sharing of its common inheritance, there would

be no limit to the happiness, to the prosperity and the glory which its three or four million people

would enjoy. Yet it is from Europe that have sprung that series of frightful nationalistic quarrels,

originated by the Teutonic nations in their rise to power, which we have seen in this twentieth

century and even in our own lifetime, wreck the peace and mar the prospects of all mankind.

And what is the plight to which Europe has been reduced? Some of the smaller States have

indeed made a good recovery, but over wide areas a vast quivering mass of tormented, hungry,

care-worn and bewildered human beings gape at the ruins of their cities and their homes, and

scan the dark horizons for the approach of some new peril, tyranny or terror. Among the victors

there is a babel of voices; among the vanquished the sullen silence of despair. That is all that

Europeans, grouped in so many ancient states and nations, that is all that the Germanic races

have got by tearing each other to pieces and spreading havoc far and wide. Indeed but for the

fact that the great Republic across the Atlantic Ocean has at length realised that the ruin or

enslavement of Europe would involve their own fate as well, and has stretched out hands of

succour and of guidance, but for that the Dark Ages would have returned in all their cruelty and

squalor. Gentlemen, they may still return.

Yet all the while there is a remedy which, if it were generally and spontaneously adopted by the

great majority of people in many lands, would as if by a miracle transform the whole scene, and

would in a few years make all Europe, or the greater part of it, as free and as happy as

Switzerland is today. What is this sovereign remedy? It is to recreate the European Family, or as

much of it as we can, and to provide it with a structure under which it can dwell in peace, in

safety and in freedom. We must build a kind of United States of Europe. In this way only will

hundreds of millions of toilers be able to regain the simple joys and hopes which make life worth

living. The process is simple. All that is needed is the resolve of hundreds of millions of men and

women to do right instead of wrong and to gain as their reward blessing instead of cursing.

Much work, Ladies and Gentlemen, has been done upon this task by the exertions of the

PanEuropean Union which owes so much to Count Coudenhove-Kalergi and which commanded

the services of the famous French patriot and statesman Aristide Briand. There is also that

immense body of doctrine and procedure, which was brought into being amid high hopes after

the first world war. I mean the League of Nations. The League of Nations did not fail because of

its principles or conceptions. It failed because these principles were deserted by those States who

had brought it into being. It failed because the governments of those days feared to face the

facts, and act while time remained. This disaster must not be repeated. There is therefore much

2

knowledge and material with which to build; and also bitter dear bought experience to stir the

builders.

I was very glad to read in the newspapers two days ago that my friend President Truman had

expressed his interest and sympathy with this great design. There is no reason why a regional

organization of Europe should in any way conflict with the world organization of the United

Nations. On the contrary, I believe that the larger synthesis will only survive if it is founded upon

coherent natural groupings. There is already a natural grouping in the western hemisphere. We

British have our own Commonwealth of Nations. These do not weaken, on the contrary they

strengthen, the world organization. They are in fact its main support. And why should there not

be a European group which could give a sense of enlarged patriotism and common citizenship to

the distracted peoples of this turbulent and mighty continent? And why should it not take its

rightful place with other great groupings and help to shape the onward destinies of men? In

order that this should be accomplished there must be an act of faith in which millions of families

speaking many languages must consciously take part.

We all know that the two world wars through which we have passed arose out of the vain

passion of a newly-united Germany to play the dominating part in the world. In this last struggle

crimes and massacres have been committed for which there is no parallel since the invasion of

the Mongols in the fourteenth century and no equal at any time in human history. The guilty

must be punished. Germany must be deprived of the power to rearm and make another

aggressive war. But when all this has been done, as it will be done, as it is being done, then

there must be an end to retribution. There must be what Mr. Gladstone many years ago called „a

blessed act of oblivion“. We must all turn our backs upon the horrors of the past. We must look

to the future. We cannot afford to drag forward across the years that are to come the hatreds

and revenges which have sprung from the injuries of the past. If Europe is to be saved from

infinite misery, and indeed from final doom, there must be this act of faith in the European

Family and this act of oblivion against all the crimes and follies of the past.

Can the free peoples of Europe rise to the height of these resolves of the soul and of the instincts

of the spirit of man? If they can, the wrongs and injuries which have been inflicted will have been

washed away on all sides by the miseries which have been endured. Is there any need for further

floods of agony? Is the only lesson of history to be that mankind is unteachable? Let there be

justice, mercy and freedom. The peoples have only to will it, and all will achieve their

hearts‘desire.

I am now going to say something that will astonish you. The first step in the recreation of the

European Family must be a partnership between France and Germany. In this way only can

France recover the moral and cultural leadership of Europe. There can be no revival of Europe

without a spiritually great France and a spiritually great Germany. The structure of the United

States of Europe, if well and truly built, will be such as to make the material strength of a single

state less important. Small nations will count as much as large ones and gain their honour by

their contribution to the common cause. The ancient states and principalities of Germany, freely

3

joined together for mutual convenience in a federal system, might take their individual places

among the United States of Europe.

I shall not try to make a detailed programme for hundreds of millions of people who want to be

happy and free, prosperous and safe, who wish to enjoy the four freedoms of which the great

President Roosevelt spoke, and live in accordance with the principles embodied in the Atlantic

Charter. If this is their wish, if this is the wish of the Europeans in so many lands, they have only

to say so, and means can certainly be found, and machinery erected, to carry that wish to full

fruition.

But I must give you a warning. Time may be short. At present there is a breathing-space. The

cannons have ceased firing. The fighting has stopped; but the dangers have not stopped. If we

are to form the United States of Europe, or whatever name it may take, we must begin now.

In these present days we dwell strangely and precariously under the shield, and I will even say

protection, of the atomic bomb. The atomic bomb is still only in the hands of a state and nation

which we know will never use it except in the cause of right and freedom. But it may well be that

in a few years this awful agency of destruction will be widespread and the catastrophe following

from its use by several warring nations will not only bring to an end all that we call civilisation,

but may possibly disintegrate the globe itself.

I must now sum up the propositions which are before you. Our constant aim must be to build

and fortify the strength of the United Nations Organization. Under and within that world concept

we must recreate the European Family in a regional structure called, it may be, the United States

of Europe. And the first practical step would be to form a Council of Europe. If at first all the

States of Europe are not willing or able to join the Union, we must nevertheless proceed to

assemble and combine those who will and those who can. The salvation of the common people

of every race and of every land from war or servitude must be established on solid foundations

and must be guarded by the readiness of all men and women to die rather than submit to

tyranny. In all this urgent work, France and Germany must take the lead together. Great Britain,

the British Commonwealth of Nations, mighty America and I trust Soviet Russia-for then indeed

all would be well-must be the friends and sponsors of the new Europe and must champion its

right to live and shine. Therefore I say to you: let Europe arise!»

. :t|'.I . 1 ,

31"r L I

x/sot5f 6r-a

:i{r}fsToli cr..t:P,cjj.TLL' s sF..:iicH

Ztt i i ;h Univer.tty'i9 Selj','eribez L)t;fr

gd?=

T':rir;h lar r:y,eek +,,,] y,:'J t'o-+;45 ak:irt t4s t'reged-y of Eriropc. ?his

fir:blc eo*tLrt:rrt,, *rsrnptir+Lrrg r;i' tl* rthcTe tbe ta-r-z est a.ni the r*ost

eu'LtL're*e& te.;i-rsnr: af the: *zrtib, erLJc.:f:*nt;;: teir'p':r*t'e enri equ:-rble

oLLrriz:,lat, i;: ti:e hr.,t** rst a7]- ti'e 6.ceat p:rr.:t;t r*:es of Ebe c?s*r,ern

wo'cLr]." '.t-t

L.* the: I'ourriain ef C!.lr'ieilan F:iiih snd flhricti*n ethiss.

TE i;: ?,bes 6v1;y.lr: of ifiost $f" ihe *u.!iur*, arir*, 6hileino;.!'r;' .:ncl

uo'ytnee bE:bl. a"f irne:isnt 3n* F$ederri lir*e*, if lF"lre*pe ir*Fe enecr ul:ltee}

in '?h* llhetr.ir,,r;: c:i' !t;.l ooilriiioFr .lnhertE-cinq>+g, i,hir*Fs x;rulcl he rle limit

L: ';\.:. i.r,.1:pL '.:3i:i:l, t{i LLl** pror:p*r"i t;l ..'r:4 1,:{'r ry l','hi-r:h itc ';i:}'r}o olr

f*'.[:f irutldrecr .:.'r.1iion l.eeil ir: ,"reiul'J r:in.ie$. :iJt it i;: {s'cri, $'urepf: thr,rb

hriv.:: :pr"irrrg' ihrr ' f *er..t*n etf f ' r . i l jhif t t l n.rf. i* i ' i i i .Elr,:bic qusPrels, oPi#1n-

e teit "ry F,lrer T*:.t l,r-:rtle nrr Ei.ons, '.vlricllr '"!rF; !i;-;'s r;rli.11 *'r"3t" i.lr tlrlc

t i . te:t l loi l i conf;*r$ rrn*.tn ff : t8",3';rFr f. i tei[1r:t , i ' ; t ' f icl"* t l :r ] i : ,*r:e* c:t:ci FrSr tho

pf6.i*l;u€tg at' ;trll llrcini:ttel.

A::rL -.'rhab 'i:.: tFre ;rllgh,E trr sr,htah Lkr:pr: li*r h**r, pf,{.tttc{,i1.? ,94.."i+

t)J' r,h:r eta6llef [i,;fi*tr* iiitvL. ir;ctc;e,i mltici :: i.:ettci f.i.--Llv€.]Py, itt't $1'rurt' *rlqle

&roiili :! -r-i#'b l1u:!vrrrtn$ rf,&61rf €rf f,crn'Jll tr::t'[r ].:"tng,,'rg, eEr?€t--r't'oF!1 s!td-

bew!1dr:r irt l }rur;:trt i b,: in1::r S*F!* f irE'E�h* t*Ji.E;t et l ' th*ir e: i t las *n,-t hemes,

gn{ {.lc{.rn bhir tlii:l.k h6:r.3 l:-�r,r: fc.l' []:* fii;pr'*irt]]r c.f {:o'rr* n*"rt pcrl1 tyeanny

ol: !ior;.ot' . .Arirutli.; Lha vlet:rud t,!.E;r* lrs rr b:rb*:1 o!' j*;"riilg; vcieor:1

&rnotlq thu v*ntltrtr:hat[ tl:u r:=.tIei;r $ilr:Ee,: ef eie-:cgritir' ?irre'* i+ clL:" thert

Eltropr:tit:st, fir,ettpec! 1n F:+ rrr$n,F ert,'..:,:,t,'ltt ilt+f** tn{i r.rrt,ion#t thqrt te all

thert l;hs fislrfieunfcl llovlqrr,sr litve 4;ut by'E':+rin6 cerel: eithcr to i:'ieces &?id

trpr.orrd.lnL{ hruvcrc.[ ' , .rF::, t1,-! t ' lLlu' inric.etl , t"ruI fcr f trr; . f ' . tct, that *hq:5raat

Itopubti.c fLor, i) i i t i t l : .4 At, lu.ni lc 0ee;rtr h*lt :rt , ieng:t l t : lre*lJ.::a- 'J {.h+i; 'bhs

ruin or on$rlelv,lrnsnt of' I{r-ropr: i'loulcl involvt: their ov':l iilte i}6 r,'ti3ll t

&nil h&$ stro'bohrrtl eirrt hand.r+ of #riccout'$ncl guid,€Lncc, t,hc $ririi Ag+o

lvotrld. havo roturno* in al.1 therlr. orle.lty *nil squalol. ll 'h*y til.Uf 'stil1

ro turn.I. I .

x.l601,:/6t-it

$hraaW

',.:

-2-

T,/'.'a7 i/ 6t;E

Tet a.71. ";ltc ,rtbiT* t\t:re is'a :..ened.y wYri-*h, if it vrt; rc gcne'ratr 1;-

anli *pont,aneouoly tr,&apted,, ',.ro:lcl as :-f by e :::.i.rz.e7e t::a-:for:r thc

whoT-e ncelcd, anL-'t:au-]..rl i-n a f{:.i{ yeFrts tltzy-e ail E::*pe, or the g'reater

p';*Tt af iL, a;t free ani r.y* h+pity ar $'ri-;ner}end i* io--tla;r. thet is

lbLE: savere:ign r,::t+rli!? -t

:s t* r*-ct;*t,e il:* Lurc6.,;ar f --cril;r, or as

vtveb a! Lt *,ii \t{t ciJn, €.,r.C y,rorrL,4.t: LL 't;ibh *. struatr:re trnilcr'";hicb.

ib ca,w'tlwe].'J. Lr, g;enerd, 5?, rs+frtty *nel il: .f:rscciogst" 'ff"J Fittrr!-r. iluild a

kit.el af l ,n| i ' ;cl l i l , , . fcr of ' l lapegrr;, fn ihl"r i- ' rrr: .F *nly vrl}I h*ndi 'ci.s *f

rnillioner of' boil*r,* !r* *bLe' i# :.sF:l.*irr thr: ssicrp).;: $oy*t tnli hrrp+s i.'hich

rna]'r.et Li:flci rn:r..t?r tivi.lg. 'fir* pr*{r+:,:rj ir+ r*.i.rriF}.e. ;t}3 I,h*,b j.g neoitsd is'bha e,e,suLve at trr:niir.oils: of rell"tion* +f rer3ll -:E!i€r l'rcrnsn to +c rig:ht instos,d.

af vrong gtneL f="rrtn rt:* Eherir r'.i*erql li}*n:*ing Ln51cad erf +u-r.-uigg.

&luelh 'ri6.it'F: liilii 'o*.e.'n clor.* up:n E!'rier trr*"e ?*y bl:ei r,lxe':"$.i.ens c!- ths

Fan-IJurelirsiin tlnlon i'lhi,ch s'r'ls$ $Ir) s+ue!: [.e fcul,'b Cerr"$+niief i,-Krrlcr'*tl"'nel 'alrfcti er;trrlrttrttii*4 ttrn FI*Fvloeru: ot' [h,1 fsp,:+tt$ !,'r'ene]. pt*:.S,*i r:nd

r"lt*toorneirro A:*r;'Elet* U*1"r:t,:t. Fit+r$ :tel +.[ett ttr='[ i.r.::r*:,is?,s bor:y of

cloodltno &frrl ltrne"r:itun+, 'rrh*r:ti ',:rrtsi bF$tt4!ib i.tr: b*.-i;159 .:tr"*.el lllglr hoprjs

afbor thc f:irl;i ti6t'i* ":rsrrr e;: ' '"ht,l &*r-:+ttrr? erl" TI*Elern#. Fhs? T.r*r.rg,o of

l.ftitlonc rltri rir:'t g5uf | 'ourT.*rts$ €j.1' f ie prin*tglc;e 6T *G!]ei:i'ticrrr+. I"I

f ailorl buc:elug* 1,11rlr g,r*lr*ipLosj .,rf*F.: el*+eprEg* ir.; 1"ka*(} $jL*+"C* *iho

hsld brott{fht 1t {nta t-ta:i.ngr. El f"c!!}Er,rl fu.:scru*+ the fi,:re r.!lo*!rirt'& of tlrose

rJ*ye f6nr:o11 '&ci ftiqin ih,r l-i,cfc{o strtit *e't 'n'hltrrt t:ftrie l.*naJ.rrcr],, 'Sidg

dj"eta*b;rr rnt"ta'i; ntlfr i.l* r*"1fi:rf,*r!; rFlrelr: iel th*t"tlilefo [ftueh 3e:leir,t)"erigg grnd.

ma,tgr!tr.l. 'ttf*h i,l:.!e:ir !c lr:ri Lei i :ri!'i telcc t:5 t *,{ir (tr};c.E*-hrru6gi-,b *xscr.lense.

I'lla* v*r;r 1:1*et to l.qt"*rt:[rr'ui:ii n+l';gf]r.!rdt]e+ trv* *:r;e eagq:r bh*t my

f t,lernct IIras;i.rla.:.'li rfrutnlr.n h:.,,et r'x;.-ri-rr-:"$*r3 hlit tn[*re*t :.1nel fi]'nif:1'b]:f, rtibtr

thlo gr,*tr,b dncri,glrr. 'i1ir$J't: i * r.r .Fci.!ri$n nhy tr Fg€letlrEr1 crg-,enlitatlon of

llttt'ope ctiir.r'.rJ.c1 irt arry'*'ru',;f cr:trf'lt*t l.rj.bh thu vtcrlil or#:.it:i*a*,ian of the

lr i i l tscl l lartr ions.0n'tho oonbralr,,y, J. bul ievr: *h+t tkei l : : .rg;er ayndhosls

wil.1 onl.y FlrlrvJ.vrl if Lb lir fuunet*et upo* eoherant n€rturaL 6;roupingo.

Th(rro l* alr.ueidy.e n&tltr&I g,1ror.r1r5.n;3,i-n t i te tTastarn Eernir:phc:*s, i la

Brit ish huvrr oirr,or,u Commonvlr:alt i i t l f Natione. Thesu.: do rrot vtaallon,

on thc oontra:'y tiroy strongthur tho ..vorlcl olgiir,i za'uIan. Ehoy arex/ffi151&'n

,.: :..::::: : ::.:::: :.. : _ll: j t _l::

,'.'.1,t:,,' , t,:,',,- ,a, .

1. . .

j : : . j

x/mj5/6n-a

..:a.,-,:

- l,-

in f act, ile r**in :tup'ga'rl. And vrlo:y.ebaulrL there not be + Europcan

&trCIl;ip :*th:.ch eaulrrl, 21Lve * ttense of ertler;;ed- petriotism .rnd- coi:'mon

cLtlz*n*hLp io tha *i*tnacteI, people;: of this tur.bulenb enel nig,irty.:. leantLn*nt anrt vW slrli*u1'& LL not' tzke i.t* 'tzEhtfnl- r,lae;": xith othcr

g*rtt, grr:upLngx Ln r:ha,pi.r,$ the clcstznL;:rs qf rfi*n? In ar<Icr ih;rt this

rhoulei. he *oeonrpli*he* tht:re rnr"c'i be an aet af f iitii i:r rvhich

rnilllonsl af f+tnilL?rs ::i'e*.kin6 $iitfil: Snngt:lgcs mu$t conseisusly take

par t r ,

SIq *11 J,"nslr tlirrt the 't'*ro lr*.[cl rr,3r.$ thr*u;* r'rhleh "rt] hiirr;'; passo{

irrltte out of thc vcrin;:er*r:ion of e noi,rlg-tr*lta.,t **rrnriny t* p}$y

Vhe tLantLnr:[:fn€i i]*rt irr ?hs';rorld. Iri th!* ]ar;E slrud:r.:sLr: cpimes an,l

nr*rls&cr{,:i, h&r/c be r:n sor*rrilt t€r:[ fer whic]: th*r'e is: no Frir*lLi]l *:inse thg

lnvseionri of tihs lr!*ngal*l ln thel r'*ul.l"c.:rtitt ci+rrt*r;r ir!l' io clilu+l trt

,Lny tLn$ in trtinian kfttory,'fh:c ,Euf3e",y r*u**u bcr iruntottsd. fi{tirffi*,*rv *nct

?jo t lOprlv' . i t l of t lro;ro!{ur. to:F*{trsit ;rnsi m-.ike funsghi}r"€g]ffpesslvo r irEtrr

Bttt vrhon al lL t l i ls lrr-t : . ; bg*ri elsne', $tr l i I vr l . l I h*"r r[enu, tta' i : l t 1"* '*eirg

elon*, 't,horc t:tuct k'"r tLE ur.€l to tx:tr"LhuL$*Ft. Thal.rr.s rftttsI b*';;hr:t ],1e.

0lr i i lsterntJ mi:rt l f f ; lc:rr$ +t_fr) a&l3s& ttra bLor:€re€t keE st 'obl l t . I*nrr. ?ic.t*ust

all burn cur bneF.* ';rForl {,be horcors €}t: Eh*;.*et.a ?fr: mur*& 3oi:}: to th;r

fut'ttrs.tflu ra*nt:ot a{'Fcr* t"o rtret6l For.r**rri nc.tei*c't!tn: yalrrn t}iat &Pa to

oorner the h*tt,$qlsj irrrii ri:vuitg€r$ siilleh h*vqr ciFirtlnri .t"f,*fir Ehe i.rr.Ju:pLag of

ther prie'b. If lrtdr"opir iil [e; b.u cl&v€]e] l'rerr .[tt.Flnl&* tr;te€:lurr ::rt:l ltrfl*od,

from ftn*L {toor*, i trslr. ,r muct.ocr i , .n €-Ec[ *f ' frrt th in ]ho Etrrepe*n famlly

r inr l nn.not o f ob l l r r lan sr6; r - r lnar t : l3 l th{* sr in i# i+.and l *e l31e* e3" ' t 'ho

peuet t r

f lrrn thq fr,:et puapl+l* e.t ' l iuropo.t ' l$t: i f* th* hclei}tt of th;:*=

r6$olvos of fha ur1uJ, and in$t.f.nota cf Ehe sptr ' t t of rnan? If thay ei 'rnt

'thr'l tvr,orrF-i$ anfl in;!n:r.tes,r'rhloh hav* boein tnflJ.ctcd vrlll havo beren

woshod rlv/ay on nll r+id*r'by th* nrlrr*nlee vrhlch hirve hoe;n cntlutcrl.

16 tho:no any nouet for fueLh*:r f loocls o-f $f:of iy? Is i t thu only l .reson

of h ls tory bhnt melr r i< in t l i r i . t tn tof tohablo? Lot t ,horo bo juct icer tnoroy

anrl froodorn. Thc pooli lcs: have onl.y to rviLl i t , antl al. l rr i l l . achiovo

the t r hea r t s l t t os l r c .xf 60"(jf evn

./, "

^ . / \ r { ) / o L = b

'L an now gorn6; ta sa,t- =amctlttri-4 thab .;ti.11 a,.;tonisb you.. ,,-- '

Thc f irst slap in the re-:rczt, ion of thr: European farni ly must bc

a, pa.rtnarshi.p'os1t; lpr\n E,Ti,-ncr) anrt Oevllzny. ' in this way only catr

Futnee receve? tlae ri6tzl Lead,eysbLp af tr)urope . fhere can bc no

revlval of Evxopc vii.tha*t *. spir|t**L-15 gteitt Francc and a spiritually

6raat cawaa,4.y, Etti> r*truct'+r.* of t'he':Jni-teri,gtat*s of Euroirc, if '.rc11

and t-cuLy *aLLt, viiT1 1>;: :ivch r*rs '?,a rl+k.t tb* ntczja:triel et,rengit of a

""i.ngle r:t+t'a J-**:s ltin;'arl"nt, fir*al}_ n+tion,* 'rili count as rnucir, as large

ones and grs.Ln th+fr lrs:p.aur by ihcir csrtrib'i.rtiar: *c the com;lon

a&$E'i, fhc erraLent iit,',.|a€s anrl prin*ip*,Lii:.as of O*n*srny, fr*olyjoLn*d 'Eag:.:'tb.;r,for rnugrrol con\rr:nir.tt,:* !n ei fe*rien:r} syr;Ecm, r,is.;ht

etteh takq thair inrlirriclu*l pl,rea trrnong tho fnfteEi $t,ifiesi ef hnrop.:.

I eh.rll no6 E-ry tu trrir,ko e clot,ci3ed pn*6"rrrr;ui* f,er h$nd,iceEie o.f rriSl"iar,el

of"peopla',, l trei irsri* ' ta be happy anel fp.:*, ".r:rosper*u* *nd icftf*r ulro

wielr to enJoy tlio fsur frcc,leme of l'riiieih blro 6lrun& Fr*eld*Rb !t,:o*ev+lt

r;:okr: &n* 1;!v$ ln *ceorcl irt ls*,:r l th tho princig,lee u:r*bod!*sl in th*

Atj.antie Olurrt*r, rf t 'Frf* ls thetn', ' rd*b, t ,h,:gr h*vr: sn1ff to clgy eo,

nnrl rnoenrl crun eerf,;rinlff h* f*urrrl, r.rtiti mrreiiin*?y cp;:e}{.drtn ts e;at"[!y

th,at vrfgh fntc) f '11.8 fr.ui.Elan.

Drrt I tnusb €iLv"; ycrrt err*rninfi. rFim,* ffla;f trrt: ehcrg, itt 1:,r+;**rrttheira in a hro,grtlring-eFneo, Slre 6jstinc$]h*v{s €crdlr}o* f"trir.g. The

fighting ito,c ebo;;g,otl: irub thu etiiRpi*r.:s hftr*r] !Es* steFp.*d. If *.r alro *o

forrn bho lJn:ttoit [ ,b..tort al 'Eurcpcr .]r '#her!.6]sd.F n&ms c-r,fo1e: l t nriy t"ke,

vls muert hogtn tiorrr

In thoru,: pt'uir,;nt cl*yn ir* ei"*rel=L r:t:.lan-q,:.u1y ttnd pr*erarlcu*ly un"lor

t h o c + h l o t c i r i i r t e i p r o . [ : a e t t e n a f ' t h i . l g t t a m t o t } g : f t t b . T h * . c i t c r n i e b * c t ' ! b l s

etl iLt onl.f f Ln i tantl$r €l ' f t * l t*t* *nct n*E.ten s!r$*ir ' , tc) knotr ' . 'd13 neven ,,. t '

de,r tt oxo#f;t in tht orrfi,$* of rtgltt &nr[ Frer.rtlorcr EcB lt rnny tial]. bCI -' ',-"

. . : :thn'b ln & fov, y.r*rft thlet *y;.t ' t t l eff, :ncy cf rtunt,,r 'uctlon lr i l ! � ba,, 'rLt lej- ' . ' , , ' , .

. ::.s p t . . l o t l c r n t l . b h o s n , ! t r H t r , o p l r o f o 1 ] . o w i n q : f r i o m 1 t t l t r ; u [ r y i l u v u r i l 1 t v R t . r i n g

n6,t lons lvlL.L not ottJ.y brir.g to au s:ncl *L1 thsrt ua c*11 civi l fo+tLon, "=

bub tnsW pogrJlbly ate:lnto6r*to the r-gLab* tterolf . , . . ,"-: ,' . . / .x/6019/6L-E .

: ; . . ; . - r1 , ,

': : '''i r i_' la'r::::.::::

: : . : . : . . j : : : : : : . : :_ , . . - :- :

a . ' . t : '

. . : ' .1 i .

I}, mUg*. yratr $:ufo tp tbte peopOsj.tiarre 'itnLcn ar= 'Oefore

you.,,Orrr

cor!,;lan+, aim rnust htt to build znr). far+uLfy tlne st,rcn.:ih of I-i-l\--O.'

IhneLer'anrl vtL*:Ltirr tb'at, vto'ftd- ecnccpt va rrtu?'* re-cr+atc thc Etrropeantt:' l

ferniTy ln e. re6!.ana! st,rvcluy:e eaitl-e*., Lt rn+:y ie, ihe t-*'::ited fii;at':e

af Evtope, 'Ihe: fLr:si *t+p i-s to fc,xn a Cou-ciL o-[ Europ*. If at

f Lxrst zz]'l- tnc *taters af Ertroqe r*Te not lT itr13-trg cr abl* to join ihe

lhti.sn, wt ntttst fiev+tt]nele*El proo*e& to ilsc#mbLe and combini: thosc

vtl;a wLLl* an&. tliar;* 'l'tlo eiLfi" Ehrs c{rlvaLi+fi <:f iht: csl*morr 3*+op}e of

evory 1'4.ori ilriil of eivar'y isnil frosrr YrE r o:t" .*$l'Ti1*t * grtlilt i:a catablisha*

on cel*l founelaificns anel rnuet be 6rrrr,rctcrl trr t,he re;teiirclss of, aLl cr#ti

anel wam*n 't,a eti.i rruttr*r'- fhcn srubrnlt 'F,s tyrreRny. fn s"L} thie urEcnt

,{rork, F:eanoc and fi+r${iny must bake ibe lc,r* &ogeth*r. $r*crt Srltaint

tha 3:rlCtsh eornnten'?{relt!: eo,f Slsti*nsr, n$fsh+f rimo;ri.oa, $nrJ I *rust

SovJert &r6*frr - for bh,:n lnd,ceei it].i"'rlottld. h+'ro,rL1 .- muelt be bho

frienrls sn{'l rrfrontrorr} of tirc nelr Sure5ro: $n6: mu€}t ebnrnpior..lbs ltt6Jtt

fa 1lvo snrl $li lns,

xf al5i,lavu

I' l

I

$EP't tt '7'' '. '

:-: a'aa;:j j . : : . :

DISJCOUNS DE M.WINSTON CNURUHII,L

. i l rUrr i r ' . : r :s i t6 cle Z' i r ich

l l .o 1 l sop tonrbr . : 1946

Jo voud.r.r j . i i vous 1' ,a.r1cr uujourdr irui {n clramc de l t l iuropo. Co

nob l .o cont inc i r t , c lu i co :nr ) ru l ' rd dans s t :n i lnscmbl c Ies rOg ions J .es p lus

. r i . ches e t l cs ! '1us l lavor is6es c1e 1 l te r . re r jou i t c i tun c l i rna t i ; cmp6r [ :

et 6reell " Il- es;t ier barccau d-ei toutos lc.: granck)s :racoii rlu montlrt

c ccid,cntaLl . rr . :st la souroe de r l f o i c l r , ' r bi-e nne ct. c lc la morale

chr '6 t io ) l l l e . I c : - on t cu lcur ' o r ig r inc les p r . rnc ipa lcs r6a l i sa t ions d .e

la cur tu rc . d - ' s a r ts , d .e 1a ph i los< lp i i io o f r los sc ionco$$. d - iLns

1 ran t i_qr - r i ' t i auss i b ion que dc) no t r ; tomps .

S i l lEuropc ; s ru r r i -ssa i t u r r jour pour p : . r1 ,a .g4er cc t h6r i tage

conl i run2 i1 nry au:rai t p;ds de I i rni tc i i l t b() l t l reur" i t .a n rol l t r i ; r i t6

ct i la gioi lc c lc:r t i rounrai t jouir s. : . 1:ci . ruLl t ion cc tr i r j -s ou quatre

ccnt rn i l . l - i -ons i l r i .mes.

c tas t ccpcndant cn ourope qures t n6r , ; ce t t , : s6r ic dc t t . . : : r , ib1es

guer res lu t ion i i l i sbe-qr c l6c lcnch6cs par 1os ner t jonr - ; i ; cu ton ic lues au

cours dc leur a .scer tg ion . : i ] i r , l ru issancer euc nous avonr j v l r cn ce

xxe sidclu, et m0ma clane notre pror ire g6.ni ;rat ion, r :uiner 1a paix

ct lcs esp6ri i r rces r1c toute l thumanit6, et ei c luel 3 'bat larnent i ib le a6 t6 r 'ec lu i t 1 r i l }u ropo. r l - es t v ra i quo ccr ta ins d .es pe t i i s pays

sc sont relcv6s rapid.cment, mais d.ans la plus glrairc ic par"t ic d.e1 rDurop ' :e unc mas i ' ie i ' r . i ssonnante r i t0 t rcs hu ina ins , tourment6s ,par l c s souc i s , a f f a rn6s e t hGb6t6s , : : cgar r i ;n - ; , a t .be : r " r3s , Iesde lc ru rs v j l tu 's c t de leurs foycrs , c ' r survu i l len t l c sornbre

dans l"nr c iainte dl ' voir surgir-une nouvol lc ?ormc d.c tyrannie

tc r r :cur .

uses

ruines

hori .pon

ou td.e

Peirmi lcs vainclusur,s, on cntenrl une Babol r1i : voj : tn parrni lesva incus , on ne t?ouv . , ' <1ue lc morno s i l cnco d .u d .6scs ; ro i r , c t c rcs ttout cc r i c luoi sont arr . iv i :s lcs Europ6ens, group6s cn b.Lnt d.e

nat ions ; c i d rEta ts , c res t tou t ce d , c luo i son t a r r i vG 1cs racesger; ianiclucs:, cn stentrc-clGchi: :ant r l t cn samant la ruinc. s i cettc

x/6ot5/a,-e . / ,

: . : 1 . :

x/6015/6L;v

- : - * , - . , c1 ' 1 r&ut : rc c6 t6 c lc l l . rOc lan At l i in t iquc no i l r6 ta i ' t - - - - 'l4r i luQ l toput) . t : ] .quo ( lu -L i 'Lut / ! 'u vu vv uv

ontrrn roncln compbo cluo 14. .ruinc ou. l"ai rat luct ion en osol 'av;rSo c1; - : : ' '

1r$uroper ontr l i increi t sa ploprc dostruct ion, * : 'b nc nons avait tont l t r

dos malns secourab lcs c t c lS" roc t r ioos , los , igus so tnb l .es scra ion t Tcvc-

tus, c lans toui ;c l l : r r or-raut i : ' f i t , Mussicurs;, i ls pcuv' :nt rncol 'c

rcvcn i r .

E t p o u r t l n i ; r i l o x i s b ' r u n r o m d d " e q u i r l ; r i l i ' : t i i t g 6 n ' ' ; r ; - r 1 - n t e : r t

ot spontani:m.:nb ado1,t6 par, 1;t, gSrantle rnri jor.it6 clcs pcuirlc s .' ians cle .

n o m b l . o u j c ! 0 , J s l p o u r . r l i t ' c o m n e p a ] ] u n m i r a c l e , t r , r n s f o r m c ' r c t r t i d r e -

mont.r la si tgat lon, of rctrd::o tonte l t l luropct ou a' t r tnoins l i r ' majeurc

p a r t i e < 1 c } | s u r o p o , a u s s i l i b r c e t a u s s i h e u r e u s e q u , J ] - i ] $ u i s s c d o

r los jours ' . , r " T r e .nns i s te i i rccons t i tuc r la

Quel est cc rQm'ide $ouver; ' in? I1 consiste

f i : . rni l le ourop?:cnnc, ou clu moins, autatr t qu3 nous gn p'Juvons

rccor.rst i tucr, of i lu i founir unc struoturc qui lu i pcrmettc d-e

vivlc et d.c oroi tre en pa1x, cn si 'cu:: i t6 ct t ' l r r t ibc:: t6 '

Nous . d.evons r:r i :or un gonre d- lEtate-Unis d'Suropc ' Dc cctto .

fagon s( iul tmont , r lc ls ccntainOs de nt i l l iers de tra '"rai l lcurs pourront

rccouvrc l t 1cs s imp les jo ics e t , :spo i rs qu i rendent la v io c l igne c l t

Ot re vScue ' I ra * . r " "1 r " e i su iv rc es t s imp le ' Tout ce qu f i l f ' au t ' c ros t

cluo cbs ccnta. i i ter: r le mi] . l iot ts dthommcs , : t d.c fermmes d6qi i1ci l t do fairc

lc bien au l ieu r l .e faj- . re ]c rnal , et m6ri tcnt, , comr'e r6compensc, Quron

les b6n iss" au l i cu de 1cs maud i re '

Beaucoup c le . l rava i l a d6 j i .6 - , ;6 fa i t c lans cc sensr Par l cs e f fo r ts a1

lrunion pan-curor)bennor eui c loi t t . rnt i Ar ist :-cte Brrand, patr iote ot

hommc orEtab f ranga is c616 i l r :e r Qu i s tes t c16vou6, i sa c iusc . 11 y a

aussi cr; t te i rnmunse organisat lon qui a vu re jour parmi tant c lo

beaux espoirs, aprSs 1a promlire €uerre monri ia le, jc vou:t p:rr l 'T

d.e 1a Sooldt6 cles Nat lons '

-2-

L,a SosiSt6 aes Nat ions

ou q le ses ooncePt igns . EJ lo

abancl.onn6s Pal' les Stats qui

x/6015/et-t

nta pas ictrou6 i , cause d'e ses pTntt" ip:" :- , .

a 'ohou6 parco que ces pr incipoe ont i j t6 '

Ion t fn i t na l t re , e t Parcc c luo lcs

, / . l

- :,.::

-3-: ' l t ' l ' : ,

x/6o7 5/ er:r

6ouvorl lomontg t lo cos JCtutn ont cr* int c lo : :oglarcLor Ja r '3r1'b6 cn' , . ' l '

{ 'ar;t1 131 cllag'i.r: rrcnd"ant qu i.J. 6'lai i (r}1cor(;) trrmori " ,i1 4rr .[auri; pasquc ce tl6sn.stro ir;c lt\-1pro('.tti se. Nous :t,r,rotrs cLono bcaucoun tl.rcr:p!rierhce

pour nol lsJ aicl .cr d. rob. i t i l e L a,rssl i . bcr i l ,LrcoLri) dt6p.rer vrs cloulourous'esqUA D0us i ivol ls p. ly6|. ts cl :er.

. Jtr : , i 6Li- ; t rds coni:nb clc l i . re clans ler. ; joulnru:,_, i i y a qucl-

ques jorrse quo mon atn:- lc Prbsiclont ' I rurnan avi l i i r lxpr iml son int6l : ; j t

et sa s;rrnp'"r thje i )oul . cc grand projct . J.L r ' . ty a '- ' ,ucnnc r.a ' i son 1lou: quo

lrorgrrnisi l 'b i .orr r '6gior:r1c clc. ] rEurope sc ] .e '-rr tc, en cluelclue fagon, i i

l l o rgan:sa t io t r n iond. i * l .e d"es l {a t io r^s Un j .cs n Au con i ra i r ,c l j ; r : ro is quo

cetto synthdse plus grarr, ie cles nat ions ner pcut s. i rv j-v lrr rr t ro sj- ol lcr:st, fontiirr: sLljt dc -l ergcs gl.oupemcnts n,"iturul-s.

Ii i:r.-s'5:, ti i;;) r^n 6roupcrherL na'burc] .,-.ans l. r 55ni si:hC::c occidental. "Nous autres, Br. ' i tannj ' ucr. ' , nous avons noL.: .c i )ro-9'Jo iol l i rnonwcalth. dcsnat ions. 0e".- : gr. 'c 'Lipei ;rcn' i ;s ntar ' faibl jsscnt 1:_rsr.rnars ar: oon-irai lc r :en-f orcc'nt 1 'orgl i : .n:L$ai ion clu rno:: . t l -c, i )n f ' . i L, i l -s cor: . : t : . bur lr i , t ron pr inci-

pal sout ieno En pourquoi nrexisterai t- i1 l l .ns r ,r l t .J g;r .cuDcr;rcnt arr-r :orr5r:nqui t lonnarir , i t un sens cc ;ratr iot isrrrc pr i ts l -argc ,J* ,r-c ui to; c: :1ct6-,cornmlrnc aux pcuplec i :perd.us cie ce pui ss;rnb oon; ine;: . , : . i l ; i i r r ;urquoi cegroupemon'b ne prcnd.ra.it-i-L pas la place qui .lu: ri.:vie:r.;; Ij i lr::.-fi l_o$autres grands f iTorrpcff t i ) rr ts, c l : : 'a-- i .d.grr i ; : . t - : . L pa;.- ; . i . mc,ctclcr Un atrct t i1.o l nn i a r r - / h ^ r ! l a 1 I hUn fan i t 6 , 1b 4 v + 4 v g J l J / v B !

Poui ctrr ' .e cr;c: i pui6sc i ) t re aoconrpl i , i J f auL ur: , . ' t ,ctr ; d.g fo j rauqu'e1- C+. l t : . l ie i rT :s I agsocic l r o i . r toute conscicnce . l - , :s r : r i . - . i ior :o C.e

fa rn i l l es , c1c 1 lu r61ues c l i - r c i oes .

Nous s:a. ; r 'ns tous c l le J .es r leu- .c gui ; : : ro; rnorrd: :=1ds par . ] i ;sque 1 les

nous solnrncs perssSl : ont 6t6 caus6es pal ie r .a*n c l . i , . i : - r c [ rune. . r i l lomagne

t r o u v e l - ] . e m c n t r r i r i - f i 6 c c 1 e j o : : . e r u n r 6 i e . p r 6 p o n t 1 . 6 r . a i : i . b i l . a t r s . : 1 c n r : n r 1 9 . : ]

Dans ces lubte 's horn i . : r : iq- : ; :s , c lcs cr , j - rnos c t d .cs maJsercres c1i 6t i :

comtnisr Qui sont sa:rs pa-ra lJ- i1c c ic lnr is 1r inqi l , r : io t r ' . , t lcs i l . iongol .s , au

X fVe s idc le , e t n ron t d i6ga1 t i . . r , ucune i ; poque c1e i l n :Ls to i r c huma, ino . ' '

11 fau- t que les coupablcs soient punis, , I1 fa. ' , i quc J-r . l l lcmagne

so i t p r i v i ; e cL : , 1a poss ib l j . l i t i . : de r6a rmcr e t de fa i r c i nouvcau ,une

x/6075/5r-r. q / :

- { r x/6a75/6L-r

{$rerr.o <i .r . : ,gro.. .s i 'n. Mi ' r , is qunncl toul ; cela ;rura 6t i : fai t , comrno co

sara fai 'b, comnlc) orr est en' train r lo - l -o . f i , i . i r"o, i1. faut cn f in ir nvec

I a l o i c i u t a l i . o n . I 1 f a u i ; c 1 u t t l y a i t c o q u o M . O l a d s t o n o a a p p s 1 6 ,

i l " I ' a, da nonbrcusos annees, trn acte c1 'oubl i salutaire, l {ous dcvons

tou's tourner le t los aux horreurs clu p, lss6 oi ; , rel iart lcr vers l tavcnir .

Nous ni : pouvons p&s l ' rcus pormettro d.r l t raincr ' , au cor lrs dcs ann6es\r i vcn i r , l cs ha inos c t . l -es vengeanccs n6os . r des b lessurcs c lu passb.

S i l rDuropc do i t 6 t re sauv6 d f uno misdrc in f in ie e t , on f i . . i t r

c le la d .cs t ruc t ion rb f in i t i ve , i I fau t 'qur i . }

a i t ce t ac te , - l c fo i c ians

la fnmi l lo , europ6onne, u t , ce t ao te d . roub l i c t l vc rs tous l -es c r imes

c t les ao tcs d .c fo l . io du pass6

I rcs pcu i r l cs d -e l tEuropc peuv , rn t - j - l s s r6 lover A . ce t te hautcur

drAme, d t ins t inc t i ; t i l t cspr i . t hurna i r i? Sr j ,1 ; 1e p :uva ien t . , 1cs io : : t s

o f l -cs b lessurcs r lu i on t 6 t6 i r r f t ig6s s - r i , ra ien t e f fac6s dc tous o6 t6s'par l r :S souff : :ano<;s clui ont 5tL end.ur6cs. Est- i f onco?e bos;oj .n

< j . t a u t r c s f l o t s d , t a g o n i . c J L a s e u l e 1 e 9 o n c i e l t H i s t o i r o r t o i t - c 1 1 c

6tre quc l rhumanit6 nc peut r ien apprunclrr , .? Quu r-dgnen'b }a just ico,

, la p i t i6 e t la l i i : c r t6 . I ,es peup les n 'on t c1ur .1 l c+ vor : lo i : ' , s t tons

atteind.: :ont 1cu:: d.6sir . 1c plus chcr.

Jc vais rnaintcnant vous cLirc quclclucs choso clui vous gurpr<lnclra:

l c p romie r pas vors la recons t ruc t ion c lo la fami l le europ6cnnc rLo i t

6tre- uno asjsjociat ion entro 1a, France et 1 'Al lemagrre , C1 cs'b ainsi

sculement cluc la Franco pourra reprendre sa d. i rect ion cul turcl- le: ot

moralo <le l -rEurol :e" f I nr. l pout y avoir c le renai.ssance clc l - tDurope

si ins une France spi: : i tuel lcmcnt 6lranclc of sarrs unc Al lcrnagne

spir i tuelLeneri gran<lc aussi .

Ia str : .ucture d.es Etats-Unis c1 L.0urope sor& tel lo qurcl lo rcnd.ra

moins in rpor tan to la fo rce rna t6r ie l le t i run Eta t que1conc1.uc , Les

pot i ts Etats comptoront autant que les grar ids, et soront considi l r6s

c l taprds l t ru r con t r ibu t ion : ' i , la cause communc. I res ; lnc ions Et i r , t s c t

pr incipaut6s d.c 1'1A11emagntl , r6unis l ib: :crnont pour leur int6rdt

comrnun t lans un syst, l rno f6a6dral , poumaient picrrdrc leur,s placcs

individ.uel los parrni 1us Et i i t ,s-Ur, is de LttrJuropo

x/6075/6r-F

l

v / t nz n /K r -nJ l ' t r ' '

: Jo n rc$r ; ; ; i0T i r , i paer d t . rx l ro r :u r un progre .nrnrc n6 ta i116" r1 y a ' r : : - ,

c l .ss oentainos r tu rni l l ions cle pursoni lcs qui cL6s: irant v ivrc hr:uror isos

of l ibros, prospdros ct t r ; inqui l - lesl et qui vourlraiont jouir c les

quatre l ibart6s clot ' t t ]s g:rancl Pr6sidonb Roosevclt n parl i ; , et

v iv ro saLon lcs p r inc ipcs inca ln6s par le l Char tc . c lc I 'A t la t r t iquc .

Si tel cst lcur c16sir , s i te. l - est ls c i6sir c1 r l luroi ;6en;r do nombreux

pays , i l s r . ,on t t lu t i l . c cU- rc , on t touvera car ta i .nemont le .mr . ryen e t

Ie rnbcanismo portr s,nener ce cl6sir i son Fl-ci in Spanoui.s$ement.

Ma is je do is vous donner un avcr t j . sscmot r t . Le temps pr .cssc !

Nous . jouissons ac'buel loment Crun moment de r6pit . I res canons ont

cess6 <1e t i ro r , l - cs r : r ; rnbat ,s on t oess6, ma is non p&s les t le .ngers .

Si nous clevons const i tucr l .e s Etats-Unis drBu.ropc, sous ry. tulquc

r lom qu.: cc sol . t , i } faut commoncsl rnaintenant.

A 1t0pocluc a,ctuel lc, nous nous' t rouvons a6scz $ttang.; tncnt, ct

de fagon pr i ;cair . l sous 1e; boucl icr, Et jc peux dire m0rne, sous La

protect ion d.c la bombe atomi,quc. La bombi-- atornicluc sc.t l t :uvo cncolo

ent rc 1es mains r1 run Eta t , d . rune na t io r l c1u i , nous le savonsr l lo .

srcn selvirr : . jamai$ quc pour d6fendre l .e r i roi t ct La ] ibert6. iJ lais

i l se peut b ien que, dans qu ; lques ann6os, cc t hor r ib le eng in ' Ie

d. i :s i ; ruct ion soi t l r :"rgement d. i f fus6, et l i i , o i"- tastrophe qui su. i .vret i t

son ernploi par plnsieurs pays er l glLer lre nc mcttrai t pas seulcmcnt

f in d , tou t cc quc nc lus appo lons c iv i l i sa t ion , ma is pour ra i l . m6mc

d,6s in tGgrcr 1e g lobe l -u i -mOme.

11 faut maintcnant c4ue jc vous r6suno 1cs proposit ions:ryui . rous

sont soumises" Not rc bu t cons ten t c lo i+" S t rc d .c c r6cr e t c l raccro i t rel

i a fo rce c le l t0 rg ;an isa t ion c les Nnt ions Un ies . Sous la d i rcc t ion o t

dans le cadre de ccttc organisat ion mondiale, nous d.o' tons recr6er

la farniLle curopircnnc r lans un cadrc r , i :g ional qui s;appcl lcra

- pcu . t -Ot re - Los Eta ts -Un is d tEuropc , c t le l ronr ie l pas pra t i .que

sora de oons t i tuer un Conse i l c l .e l rEuropeo S i r tou t d rabo lc l , tous :

los E ta ts r l c l tEurc lpc n lacccpten t pas ou nc sont pas A. m0me ic

faire part ie d.o cottc U:r ion, nous d.evons,n6anmoins cont inuer d,' ::;:''t'; t

"'

. L , ' : . : : r . r - : . . : : : - : r . ' : - : a

:t::

. ,1

; ! : ,

: : '

: li:,

...:::

- : . , , : , - : ! : r ' : . : i : .: :: ::;:]::::];::: . - . : - 4 . ; -

,..., ;;_;. ;,tl,.ii:l; : ; r :

- : ia : : : : r

.: ::

-6- :-r / A.rt c,/r.r -n. r f ' r t t -

i l ' :

lassornblr ,r o b r l ot :go,niscr oc,uJ{ . lu i y conscn'bent ct c lui lc pcuvont.

Jro moyotr ,1 t6p*rrp;ni :r aux honimcs ,1o boutos lLrr : l 'ace$ cL 4c tous

1cs pays 1a g , .1 g1ro c t l rcsc lavago devra Ot re foncL6 sur c lcs ba .scs

so} ldcs , a t i1 d .ovra 3 'h ro c r36 p l l r l c r ' ro l6n t0 c le 'bous les l to rnmcsr

et c lc toutes 1es' fcnimos d.e inouri-r plut0t r iuc c1e se soumcttr tr al ,

la ty rann ic . Eb dc co t ra r ' : . i1 u rgcn t , J . i r t r ' rancr e t 1 . '11 lenragnc

r lo ivcu t l r runc l rc ]e i l i r l c t ion enscmblc , La Grant lc -Bre tagne, l rEmpi ro

bri tanuiqrrt- , , 1a puissat lo r tn$air1ue, ct j lcn suie sr i r , 1a l tus,sl ic:

sov i6 t ique - c+r l . i r lo rs tou t i ra - i t b icn - do ivcn t 3 t r .c amis u t

garants dc la nouvcr ] le Europe, e t d .o ivcn t d6 fenc l re son d . ro i t i . ]a

v ie .

Je vous d is c lonc : - Debout ; i lu : :opc !