windows server 2012 course 08 dhcp and dns - c.ymcdn.com · pdf file70-410: installing and...

70-410: Installing and Configuring

Windows Server 2012

Course 08 – DHCP and DNS

Implementing DNS

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Resolves Names to IP Addresseso Name types

• Host Name• NetBIOS

DNS Zoneso Forward

• Record Types• A• MX• SRV• CNAME

o Reverse• Record Types• PTR• NS• SOA

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SandraClassroom.com

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Used where No DNS or NBNSo Good for Temp Networks

o Available:

• Vista + Newer

• Server 2008 + Newer

o Must turn on Network Discovery for all nodes

o Disabled by default on “Public” networks

Configuredo Local

o Group Policy: Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\Network\DNS Client\Turn off Multicast Name Resolution

o Enabled= no LLMNR | Disabled = yes LLMNR

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Support is only for backwards compatibilityo Broadcasts

o LMHost files

o DNS Role – GlobalNames zone

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Without WINS, DNS Clients can resolve single-label nameo Append single label name with Domain Name suffix from search list

o Client will query for each name in list

GlobalNames Zone (GNZ)o Can be deployed in single forest

o Can be deployed across multiple forests

o Assist in the retirement of WINS, but not a replacement

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NSLookup

DNSCmd

DNSLint

IPConfig

Monitoring (Tab)

Netsh

Regedit

Network Monitor

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Internet Based DNS

Resolver

Root Hints

Recursion for Domain

Iterative Queries

DNS Queries

Authoritative Response

Non-Authoritative

Forwarders

Server Caching

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Primary

Secondary

Stub

AD Integrated

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Registration Enhancementso DHCP Policies can be used to configure Conditions based on FQDN of DHCP

Clients

o DHCP Policies can also be used to register Workgroup Computers using Guest DNS Suffix

DNS PTR Registration Optionso DNS Registration can be enabled for A (Address) and PTR (Pointer)

or just enable registration for A records

o PTR Registration can be disabled for • All clients of DNS server

• Clients with specified Subnet

• Clients with specified attribute

o Use when Reverse Lookup Zones have not been configured• Causing attempts to register PTR fail

• Previously you had to disable both PTR and A

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PowerShell: Get-DnsServerStatistics additional statistics ZoneQueryStatistics:

o QueriesFailure: The number of queries that did not result in a successful response, for example when the response is DNS SERVER FAILURE.

o QueriesNameError: The number of queries that resulted in an NXDOMAIN or EMPTY AUTH response.o QueriesReceived: The total number of queries received for the specified record type.o QueriesResponded: The total number of queries that resulted in a valid DNS response.

Query information is provided for the following resource record types: A, AAAA, PTR, CNAME, MX, AFSDB, ATMA, DHCID, DNAME, HINFO, ISDN, MG (Mail Group), MB (Mail Box), MINFO (Mail Box Information), NAPTR (Naming Authority Pointer), NXT (Next Domain), KEY (Public Key), MR (Renamed Mailbox), RP (Responsible Person), RT (Route Through), SRV (Service Location), SIG (Signature), TXT (Text), WKS (Well Known Services), X.25, DNSKEY, DS, NS, SOA.

ZoneTransferStatistics:o RequestReceived: The total number of zone transfer requests received by the DNS Serverservice when operating

as a primary server for a specific zone.o RequestSent: The total number of zone transfer requests sent by the DNS Serverservice when operating as a

secondary server for a specific zone.o ResponseReceived: The total number of zone transfer requests received by the DNS Serverservice when operating

as a secondary server for a specific zone.o SuccessReceived: The total number of zone transfers received by the DNS Server servicewhen operating as a

secondary server for a specific zone.o SuccessSent: The total number of zone transfers successfully sent by the DNS Serverservice when operating as a

primary server for a specific zone.

ZoneUpdateStatisticso DynamicUpdateReceived: The total number of dynamic update requests received by theDNS servero DynamicUpdateRejected: The total number of dynamic updates rejected by the DNSserver.

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New Cmdlets to Server 2012 R2o Step-DnsServerSigningKeyRollover

Forces a KSK rollover when waiting for a parent delegation signer (DS) update. If a server hosting a securely delegated zone is unable to check if the DS record in parent is updated, this parameter enables you to force a rollover. It is expected that the DS record has been manually updated in the parent.

o Add-DnsServerTrustAnchor –RootThe Root parameter set enables you to retrieve trust anchors from the URL specified in RootTrustAnchorsURL property of the DNS server. This cmdlet has the following alias: Retrieve-DnsServerRootTrustAnchor

o RootTrustAnchorsURLGet-DnsServerSetting and Set-DnsServerSetting cmdlets are extended to add a new output string of RootTrustAnchorURL.

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Client Identifies Server

• Sends Update

• Connection refused if Secondary Server

Client Reaches Primary Zone

Server

If Zone is secure updates, then it

authenticates and resends update

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Cachingo After DNS Resolves name – its in cache for 24 hours

Forwardingo DNS Server can be configured to forward specific requests to specific

servers without using root servers

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When host records change – it can still live in DNS Cache

To display contents: Ipconfig /displaydns

To clear the contents: Ipconfig /flushdns

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A host Records

AAAA IPv6 host records

PTR Records for both nodes

Typically A and AAAA records are registered in DNS Dynamically

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NSLookup

DNSCmd

DnsLint

IPConfig

Monitoring DNS server

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Implementing DHCP

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Allocates IP Addresses and Configurations automatically

Imperative for mobile users

Both DHCP v4 and DHCP v 6

DHCP v 6o Provides Stateful and Stateless configurations

• Stateful: DHCP Server assigns IPv6 address to client w/ DHCP Data

• Stateless: Subnet router assigns IPv6 address, DHCP Server supplies other configurations

o Assigns IPv6 Address and DHCP Data

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1

• Client Broadcasts DHCPDISCOVER Packet

2

• DHCP Server Responds with DHCPOFFER packet

3

• Client Receives DHCPOFFER packet from multiple servers. Closest Server gets DHCPREQUEST packet

4

• DHCPREQUEST received from Server. DHCPACK sent

• If IP Address cannot be sent, DHCPNACK sent

DHCP Lease reaches 50 %, client renews

Default Lease duration is 8 days

Renewal is also done at Startup process

New Feature to 2012: DHCP Failover Protocolo Enables synchronization of lease between DHCP Servers

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Subnet 1 Subnet 2

unicast

Non-RFC 1542 Compliant Routers

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Can be installed on Server Core

Installation and Configuration from Command Line

Can manage remotely with Windows Tools

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Use Server Manager to Install Role

Must be authorized in Active Directory – Enterprise Administrator

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Scope IPv4 – (Range of IP Addresses available for Lease)o Name

o Description

o IP Address Range

o Subnet Mask

o Exclusions

o Delay

o Lease duration

o Options

• 003 Router

• 006 DNS

• 015 DNS suffix

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Scope IPv6 – (Range of IP Addresses available for Lease)o Name

o Description

o Prefix (like subnet mask it defines network address)

o Exclusions

o Preferred Life Times (lease durations)

o Options

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Need MAC address for client

Configured through Server Role

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Option Codes

001 Subnet Mask

003 Router

006 DNS Servers

015 DNS Domain Name

44 WINS

046 NB Node Type

051 Lease Duration

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•Server Level1

•Scope Level2

•Class Level3

•Reserved Client Level4

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Files:o Dhcp.mdb |Server Database File

o Dhcp.tmp | Temp file used as swap file

o J50.log and J50xx.log | Database Transactions

o J50.chk | Checkpoint File

Automatic Backup every 60 minuteso Registry Entries

o Database Files

o Configurable: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\DHCPServer\Parameters

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•Backup Old DHCP Server

•Shut Down DHCP Service on old Server

•Copy Database to New Server

•Restore it using Database Restore

1

2

3

4

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Reduce Physical Access

Enable Audit Loggingo Log Files in %systemroot%\system32\dhcp

• Logs have day of week in name

o Configure in server Properties window

Require Authenticated Layer 2 connections o Port level user authentication

Implement NAP

Limit DHCP Administrators Group

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Cmdlet name Description

Add-DhcpServerv4Policy

Adds a new policy either at the server level or at the

scope level.

This cmdlet can now be used to specify lease

duration and also add FQDN-based policies.

Get-DhcpServerv4DnsSettingThis cmdlet can now be used to display DNS

settings of DHCP policies.

Set-DhcpServerv4DnsSetting

Configures how the Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol (DHCP) server service updates the DNS

server with the client-related information.

Ths cmdlet can now be used to set the DNS settings

of policies.

Set-DhcpServerv4Failover

Modifies the attributes of an existing failover

relationship.

This cmdlet can now be used to change the mode

of a failover relationship.

Set-DhcpServerv4Policy

Sets the properties of an existing policy either at

the server level or at the specified scope level.

This cmdlet can now be used to set lease duration

of a policy and also modify FQDN-based policies.

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Add-DhcpServerSecurityGroup Adds security groups to a DHCP server.

Add-DhcpServerv4MulticastExclusionRangeAdds a range of addresses to exclude from a multicast

scope.

Add-DhcpServerv4MulticastScope Adds a multicast scope on the DHCP server.

Get-DhcpServerDnsCredentialGets an account that the DHCP Server service uses to

register or deregister client records on a DNS server.

Get-DhcpServerv4MulticastExclusionRange Retrieves the exclusion range for a specified multicast scope.

Get-DhcpServerv4MulticastLease Retrieves multicast leases for a specified scope name.

Get-DhcpServerv4MulticastScope Gets multicast scope objects.

Get-DhcpServerv4MulticastScopeStatistics Gets multicast scope statistics.

Get-DhcpServerv4SuperscopeStatistics Returns statistics for superscopes.

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Remove-DhcpServerDnsCredentialRemoves the credential that the DHCP Server service uses to

register or deregister client records on a DNS server.

Remove-DhcpServerv4MulticastExclusionRangeRemoves a range of addresses previously excluded from a

multicast scope.

Remove-DhcpServerv4MulticastLeaseRemoves one or more multicast scope leases for a specified

multicast scope or IP address.

Remove-DhcpServerv4MulticastScope Removes multicast scopes.

Rename-DhcpServerv4Superscope Renames a superscope.

Repair-DhcpServerv4IPRecord Reconciles inconsistent lease records in the DHCP database.

Set-DhcpServerDnsCredentialSets credentials that the DHCP Server service uses to register

or deregister client records on a DNS server.

Set-DhcpServerv4MulticastScope Modifies the properties of a multicast scope.

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Windows Deployment Services – deploy images from WIM Files or Prepared VHD files

Clients do PXE boot to contact WDS server

SRV Records and IP configuration pulled from DHCP

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Traceable log of DHCP server activity

Track Requests

Troubleshoot performance

Configured on Server Properties Window

DhcpSrvLog-Mon.log for naming convention

Fields in Audit Logo ID

o Date

o Time

o Description

o IP Address

o Host Name

o MAC Address

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Event Code fieldso ID, Date, Time, Description, IP Address, Host Name, MAC address

Common Event ID’so 00, mm/dd/yy:time, Started

o 56, mm/dd/yy:time, Authorization Failure, stopping servicing

o 55, mm/dd/yy:time, Authorized (servicing)

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Address Conflicts

APIPA

Incorrect Scope address

Database corruption

IP Address Pool exhausted

Unauthorized Servers in Networko IP Config / all to locate IP Address of DHCP Server

o DHCPLOC.exe to locate DHCP Servers on subnet

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Review Questions:

1. Which of the following are valid DNS record types?

A. TXT

B. MX

C. A

D. All of the above

2. Which of the following DNS records control where mail is sent?

A. EXCH

B. MX

C. HOST

D. SMTP

3. Which of the following are valid types of DNS Zones?

A. Forward

B. Transient

C. Replicated

D. Reverse

E. A and B

F. B and D

G. A and C

H. C and D

I. A and D

J. None of the above

4. When is Link-Local Multicast name resolution used?

A. When there is a WINS Server

B. When DNS is installed in mixed mode

C. When DNS or NBNS are not present

D. All of the above

5. True or False: WINS is available to provide host name resolution as a

compliment to the services provided by DNS.

A. True

B. False

6. True or False: DNS clients cannot resolve single label names without WINS.

A. True

B. False

7. True or False: Global names zones can be deployed across multiple forests.

A. True

B. False

8. Which of the following can be used to troubleshoot name resolution?

A. IPconfig.exe

B. Netsh.exe

C. NameRes.exe

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

F. A and D

G. A and B

H. A and C

I. B and D

J. C and D

9. True or False: DHCP is responsible for troubleshooting DNS queries.

A. True

B. False

10. True or False: DHCP is not a role supported on Server Core.

A. True

B. False

11. True or False: You can configure DHCP policies based on the fully qualified

domain name (FQDN) of the DHCP client.

A. True

B. False

Answer Key:

1. D The NAME record is invalid; it is represented by an "A" or Address record.

2. B The MX record (Mail Exchanger) controls where mail is sent for the domain.

3. I Forward and Reverse Zones are the correct choices.

4. C Link-Local Multicast name resolution is good for networks without DNS or NBNS.

5. B False. WINS is available for backwards compatibility only. It supports name resolution for NetBIOS names, unlike DNS that is designed for host names.

6. B False. The single label name can be resolved with the addition of global names zones and a domain name suffix added to the search list.

7. A True. Global names zones can be deployed across single or multiple forests, and assist in the retirement of WINS.

8. G IPconfig and Netsh are valid choices. NameRes.exe does not exist.

9. B False. DHCP provides IP configuration to client PC's that request it.

10. B False. DHCP is supported on Server Core.

11. A True. In the release of Windows Server 2012 R2, there are enhancements to both registration and DNS PTR registration options. The registration enhancements allow you to create policies based on the FQDN of the DHCP client.

windows server 2012 course 08 dhcp and dns - c.ymcdn.com · pdf file70-410: installing and...

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