wind turbine zoning for certs - clean energy resource teams · 2020-01-07 · certs wind turbine...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs
Northwest Wind Energy WorkshopAugust 3rd, 2006
University of Minnesota Crookston
Mark Lindquist The Minnesota Projectwww.mnproject.org
![Page 2: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
The Model Ordinance Project
§ Collaboration of:§ The Minnesota Project§ Minnesota Association of County
Planning and Zoning Administrators§ Southwest Regional Development
Commission§ Three Rivers RC&D
§ Developing Two Products:§ Model Ordinance§ Supporting document that outlines the
basis for the ordinance language
![Page 3: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Project Process
§ Small work group appointed by MACPZA, District D did the research and drafting.§ Work group has contacted various
stakeholders for input§ Documents were submitted to and
approved by MACPZA§ Documents are posted on CERTs and
MACPZA web sites.
![Page 4: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Why do a model ordinance?
§ Several CERTS teams identified zoning as an issue or barrier for clean energy
§ County Zoning staff in in SW were interested in updating their ordinances
§ The Minnesota Project staff background
![Page 5: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Who Regulates Wind Turbines?
Under 5 MW
Local government –usually a county
Over 5 MW
MN Public Utilities Commission / Dept of Commerce
North Dakota – 100 MW threshold for state permitting
![Page 6: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Who Regulates Wind Turbines?
What about “Aggregated Projects” where each wind turbine is owned by a separate individual or partnership?
The Law is absolutely clear! § The problem is that the clear law is being
read differently by different parties. § State reading of law and rules is that
aggregated projects over 5 MW are under state jurisdiction.§ Some wind developers read the law to
authorize local government to permit any legal structure under 5 MW.
![Page 7: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Local Authority and Purpose
§ Counties, Cities, and Townships are enabled to regulate land use under Minnesota Statutes 394 and 462 for the purpose of:
“promoting the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the community”
§ Local Governments’ powers are broad and substantial – subject to due process constraints
![Page 8: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Why is Zoning Important
§ Commercial Wind turbines are a significant expanding land use in rural Minnesota. § Good ordinances are needed:§ To facilitate development.§ To ensure that ill-considered projects do
not harm the public.§ To ensure that ill-considered projects do
not harm public support for wind development. § Model Ordinance on-line at:§ www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org/
![Page 9: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
If wind is good, what’s the problem?
§ There are needs to address various issues.§ Compatibility with
surrounding land use.
§ Public safety§ Visual Impact § Noise § Impacts to public
services§ Other Nuisance
![Page 10: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
§ Distinguish between Commercial and Non-Commercial§ 40 kW or 100 kW Threshold
![Page 11: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
§ Zoning = keeping non-compatible land uses apart.§ Early 20th Century response to industrialization.
§ Two approaches:1) Determine if these are permitted, conditionally permitted or not permitted in each existing land use district.2) Look hard at the county and create an overlay district where turbines are acceptable.
![Page 12: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
Commercial§ Conditionally
Permitted§ Ag § Industrial
§ Not Permitted§ Rural Residential§ General Business§ Conservation like§ Shoreland, Wild
and Scenic River etc
§ Urban Expansion
Non-Commercial§ Permitted§ Ag. § Industrial
§ Conditionally Permitted§ Rural Residential§ Highway Commercial§ Shoreland§ Urban Expansion
§ Not permitted § General Business§ Rural Town Site
![Page 13: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
Setbacks - Commercial§ Homes – 750 feet § Property Lines – 1.1 – 1.25 X total height§ Road Rights of Way 1 X total height§ Other ROWs to be considered§ Conservation Lands – 600 feet§ Certain wetlands – 600 feetSetbacks Non-Commercial§ Property Lines 1.1 X total height § Road ROWs 1 X total height or
fall zone + 10’
![Page 14: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
Setbacks primary tool for public safety and nuisance§ Catastrophic Failure –§ If they fall down or a blade comes off it
won’t land on a house or road.§ Nuisance –§ Visual impact including shadow flicker§ Bluff top setbacks
§ Noise attenuation§ TV Reception
§ Impact on adjacent property wind resource
![Page 15: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
5 RD Setback for 1.65 MW turbine requires ¼ section.
11 parcels – 6 cannot meet setbacks.
![Page 16: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
Safety Standards§ Engineers Certification§ Minimum ground clearance§ Markings on Guy Wires§ Met tower painting
§ Primary protection for public safety is setbacks
![Page 17: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
Design Standards§ Tubular towers for commercial
Turbines§ White, grey or non-obtrusive color§ Lighting limited to FAA requirement§ Signage limited § Power lines up to 35 kV buried§ Substation comply with essential
services ordinance
![Page 18: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
Other Standards§ Decommissioning and abandonment§ Plan in the application§ Abandon after 1 year § 90 days to remove
§ Comply with FAA regulations, electrical code and state noise rule § Noise - MN Rule 7030.0040 = 50 decibels
at a farm house.
![Page 19: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Summary of Standards
Infrastructure Impacts
§ Minimize or mitigate interference with telecommunications§ Microwaves a major concern§ Military Radar – Not a local issue
§ Road Damage mitigation§ Drainage system mitigation
![Page 20: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Other Ordinance Language
§ Definitions§ Procedures§ Interpretation and severability clauses§ Enforcement
![Page 21: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Bird and Bats
§ There is no free lunch. § Direct mortality§ Habitat impacts
§ The Altamont Pass - Birds§ Bad siting leads to bad outcomes
§ Wooded Eastern Ridge Tops - Bats§ Bad siting leads to bad outcomes
§ Bat Study on BR – found about 2 bats killed per turbine per year.
![Page 22: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Birds and Bats
Grassland Birds and Habitat use:§ Generally, grassland
birds don’t like to be near tall stuff.§ Wind turbines are
tall. § Reduced nesting
impacts – DNR recommendation 600 foot setback.
![Page 23: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Birds and Bats
MCBS – Native Plant Communities
![Page 24: Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs - Clean Energy Resource Teams · 2020-01-07 · CERTs Wind Turbine Zoning for CERTs Northwest Wind Energy Workshop ... §Engineers Certification §Minimum](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050121/5f51506ee5f918157102ba7e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Wind Zoning for CERTs
Wind is good!