wind and other renewable energy sources physics 1303 3/31/03
TRANSCRIPT
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Wind and Other Renewable Energy Sources
Physics 13033/31/03
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Renewable Energy comes in many forms:
Wind EnergyHydroelectricGeothermalBiomassOcean Thermal
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Wind Energy
Uses the kinetic energy of wind. Needs high wind speed. Maximum efficiency is 59%. Practical efficiency is nearly 50%.
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Wind Resource Map of the US
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Desert Sky
Wind project Iraan, TexasOwner: American Electric PowerCustomer: CPSManufacturer: GE Wind Energy (formerly Enron)
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Desert Sky
1.5 MW/Turbine 107 TurbinesMin. Wind: 8 mphMax. Wind: 56 mph
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Desert Sky
Financing Depends on State Renewable Tax Incentive Program.AEI must guarantee to operate the system for 30 years
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Desert Sky
ERCOT (Energy Reliability Council of Texas) maintains the electric grid for most of the state.AEI is not allowed to generate more than 100 MW
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Desert Sky
Wind has some impact on the site as shown in the diagram.Source of income for ranchers.
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Wind Calculation
Stop and do the wind problem.
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Hydroelectric power
Energy is stored as gravitational potential energy.Electrical generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.
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Hydroelectric power
Largest source of renewable energy in USFill with siltLoss of wild riversCatastrophic floodingSalmon breeding blocked
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Geothermal Energy
Localized surface level hot spots. Geothermal energy may be exploited for local uses.Not an important global resource.
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Geothermal Energy
An important resource for Costa Rica and some other countries. Not really renewable.
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Biomass EnergyPlant material is burned directly or converted into a fuel. An example: Conversion of grain to ethanol and the production of gasohol (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline)
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Biomass EnergyRenewable Recycles CO2Could use agricultural wasteCompetes for agricultural landLow efficiency
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
OTEC uses the temperature differences between the ocean surface and ocean depths to run a heat engine. Highest potential in deep tropical waters like the Gulf of Mexico.
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OTEC
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Max eff. = (Thigh - Tlow )/ Tlow
So, efficiency is pretty low.
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OTEC Problem
Stop and do the OTEC problem.
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Wind and Renewable Energy Technologies
Do these technologies represent the dawning of a new age of sustainable development?