MAY 2015

WIM Site Location

WIM #45 is located on CSAH 14 near Blaine in Anoka county.

System Operation

WIM #45 was operational for the entire month of May 2015. Volume was computed using all monthly data.

System Calibration

WIM #45 was most recently calibrated on 2015-02-09. Table 1 summarizes the front axle weights of class 9s by lane 1. Table 1 indicates that the class 9 front axle weights were all within ±9% of baseline calibration values for all lanes. Figure 1 shows the distribution of gross vehicle weights (GVW) in the Class 9s at this site for the last 12 months of operation 2. Figure 2 depicts the average front axle weight as a percent difference from the first full month following calibration.

Summary of Volume Statistics Total Monthly Volume: 395925 | Passenger Vehicles: 385782 | Heavy Commercial Vehicles: 10143

Monthly Average Daily Traffic (MADT): 12772 | Monthly Heavy Commercial Average Daily Traffic (MHCADT): 327

See Table 2 for vehicle class breakdown

Passenger Vehicles (PVs) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. EB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. WB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays (see Figure 3 and 4).

Passenger Vehicles (PVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day (see Figure 5), EB PVs generally reached peak volume levels between 07 AM and 05 PM. Similarly, WB PVs peaked in volume between 03 PM and 05 PM

Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day, HCVs traveling EB typically reached peak volume levels between 07 AM and 05 PM, while volume going WB peaked between 03 PM and 05 PM. See Figure 6. Out of all HCVs, the two highest traffic volumes were generated by Class 5's and Class 15's.

Overweight HCVs

Volume trends. Of a total of 10143 HCVs, 729 of them were overweight 3. These overweight HCVs contributed to 0.2% of total monthly volume, and 7.3% of total monthly HCV volume. EB overweight vehicles typically reached highest numbers on Wednesdays, with lowest volumes reported on Saturdays. WB overweight vehicles tended to reach highest volumes on Mondays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. See Figure 3 . The top two overweight violators by class were the class 6 and class 7 vehicles . Overall, overweight vehicles tended to reach peak volume concentrations during typical business hours, with 52.6% of all overweight vehicles traveling EB this month (see Figure 7 & 8). Figure 9 shows the number of vehicles exceeding 88,000 pounds that crossed the WIM over the last 12 months. The highest number of 88,000+ vehicles within the last 12 months occurred in April. WIMs are currently used as a screening tool for weight enforcement, and it is estimated that the WIM scales can measure gross vehicle weights (GVW) within 90-95% of static weight scale measurements. Due to the possibility of measurement error, vehicles exceeding 10% of their legal weight limits (or 1.1 times their legal weight limits) are considered overweight in this report 4. Using normal load limits ,12 EB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (6 vehicles were Class 10's; 6 vehicles were Class 13's). Of vehicles traveling WB,

12 EB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (7 vehicles were Class 10's; 5 vehicles were Class 13's). Refer to Table 3 for the Top 10 highest recorded GVWs from Classes 9 and 10 from May 2015.

Loaded vs. Unloaded HCVs. Figure 10 shows the GVW distributions of Class 9s and 10s in May 2015. Data suggests that there were greater numbers of fully_loaded Class 9's than empty Class 9's traveling EB, while there were more fully_loaded Class 9's than empty traveling WB. Data also suggests that there were more fully_loaded Class 10's than empty traveling in the EB direction. In the WB direction, there were more fully_loaded class 10 vehicles.

Freight Totals. A total of 61178 tons of freight was recorded to have crossed the WIM. More freight was shipped EB (53.2%) than WB (46.8%). See Table 4 and Figure 11 for more freight information.

Infrastructure Considerations

Bridge. Bridge No. 02051 ( a prestressed concrete beam span) is approximately 2.8 miles west of WIM #45 on CSAH 14, and Bridge No. 02006 (a prestressed concrete beam span) is approximately 5.2 miles east of WIM #45 on CSAH 14. WIM #45 recorded a total of 395925 vehicles with a combined GVW of 1711227 kips (1 kip = 1,000 pounds = 0.5 tons) in May 2015. See Table 5 and Figures 12-13 for GVW information by vehicle class and lane.

Pavement Design. A total of 4223 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) passed over the pavement at this site. Approximately 53.2% of all ESALs were recorded EB while 46.8% was observed WB. In particular, 26% of all ESALs were generated by the Class 6's (Class 6's were also responsible for generating 3% of total GVW observed this month). See Table 6

and Figures 14-15 for more information on ESALs (Table 6 also provides flexible ESAL factors for each vehicle class using a terminal serviceability of 2.5 and a structural number of 5).

WIM monthly reports can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/reports-monthly-wimnew.html

MnDOT's vehicle classification scheme and vehicle class groupings for traffic forecasting can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/data-products.html#weight

To request this document in an alternative format, please call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774, or email your request to ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us. Please request at least one week in advance.

• 1 Front axle weights of Class 9s are monitored on a monthly basis to assure performance between calibrations. The current goal of the WIM scale calibration is to have each individual axle weight stay within a range of ±9% of baseline calibration values

• 2 Previous WIM research indicates that unloaded Class 9s typically weigh 28-32 kips, while loaded Class 9s generally fall in the 70-80 kip range. More recent data from several WIM sites suggests that the unloaded Class 9 range may have moved a little higher over time (due to increased presence of sleeper cabs, etc.), although these ranges are also thought to be site-specific.

• 3 An HCV is considered overweight during normal load limits in this report if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 80,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 20,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 34,000 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 43,000 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 51,000 pounds). Monthly reports use this standard regardless of the time of year however, the Winter Load Increase (WLI) allows a 10% across the board increase in axle and gross vehicle weights without a permit on US, state routes, and county roads. An HCV is considered overweight during Winter Load Increase(WLI) if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 88,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 22,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 37,400 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 47,300 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 56,100 pounds). An overweight HCV is only included once in the overweight volume calculations regardless of how many of the aforementioned conditions are violated. For information on MN weight limit dates and statutes: http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/seasonal_load_limits/sllindex.asp

• 4 For example, Class 9s and 10s can legally have gross vehicle weights up to 80,000 lbs (with the exception of permitted loads) during normal load limits. To account for measurement error on the WIM scales, those exceeding 10% of the legal GVW maximum (or 1.1 times the legal GVW) should be screened (e.g., 80,000 lbs + 8,000 lbs = 88,000 lbs). Similarly during WLI vehicles weighing 96,800 lbs should be screened.

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

Jun 2014

Jul 2014

Aug 2014

Sep 2014

Oct 2014

Nov 2014

Dec 2014

Jan 2015

Feb 2015

Mar 2015

Apr 2015

May 2015

88-90 9 9 16 7 6 2 2 2 2 9 12 4

90-92 5 7 8 5 6 5 3 1 3 5 4 3

92-94 6 3 2 2 8 1 2 1 1 2 1 4

94-96 6 2 1 3 5 2 2 0 0 3 2 2

96-98 2 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 3 2 1

98-100 1 2 2 3 0 3 0 1 1 0 1 0

>100 12 16 11 12 13 11 2 4 13 12 19 10

Total 41 39 40 33 39 25 13 9 21 34 41 24

Table 1 Class 9 Front Axle Weight by Lane Month Lane 1 (Kips) Front Axle +/- 9% Lane 2 (Kips) Front Axle +/- 9%

March 2015 10.69 0.00 10.72 0.00

April 2015 10.41 -2.69 10.32 -3.80

May 2015 10.44 -2.39 10.15 -5.33

Table 2 Vehicle Classification Data Vehicle Class

Monthly Average Daily Volume

Monthly Total Volume

Monthly Total Volume Percentage

Monthly Total Overweight Vehicles

Monthly Total Overweight Percentage

1 0 8 0 0 0

2 5203 161300 40.7 0 0

3 7241 224473 56.7 0 0

4 13 396 0.1 67 9.2

5 209 6471 1.6 62 8.5

6 49 1529 0.4 173 23.7

7 9 275 0.1 141 19.3

8 12 366 0.1 33 4.5

9 22 692 0.2 70 9.6

10 9 269 0.1 116 15.9

11 0 2 0 0 0

12 4 115 0 50 6.9

13 1 29 0 17 2.3

TOTAL 12772 395925 100 729 100

Table 3 Top 10 Gross Vehicle Weight, Class 9 and 10 Date Day of Week Time Vehicle Class Direction Lane GVW (lbs)

2015-05-18 Monday 17:23:41 10 WB 2 101.36

2015-05-08 Friday 14:56:03 10 EB 1 95.98

2015-05-20 Wednesday 16:28:32 10 EB 1 94.56

2015-05-27 Wednesday 16:35:56 10 EB 1 93.73

2015-05-07 Thursday 09:19:58 10 WB 2 93.72

2015-05-26 Tuesday 09:24:39 10 WB 2 93.48

2015-05-28 Thursday 14:07:35 10 WB 2 91.78

2015-05-13 Wednesday 08:01:09 10 WB 2 91.76

2015-05-15 Friday 19:50:05 10 WB 2 90.41

2015-05-27 Wednesday 11:27:34 10 EB 1 89.51

Table 4 Freight Summary

Vehicle Class Direction

Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 EB 15 270 30 11.1 10082 272 3241

5 EB 8 3245 387 11.9 43963 2798 10550

6 EB 19 844 12 1.4 29144 217 6668

7 EB 11.5 141 0 0 8320 0 3349

8 EB 31 216 81 37.5 5877 1606 846

9 EB 33 397 28 7.1 18660 828 3241

10 EB 33.5 172 4 2.3 12706 110 3539

11 EB 36.5 2 2 100 0 33 0

12 EB 36.5 43 0 0 2966 0 698

13 EB 31.5 12 0 0 1263 0 443

TOTAL **** **** 5342 544 **** 132981 **** 32575

Vehicle Class Direction

Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 WB 15 122 20 16.4 3888 138 1179

5 WB 8 3159 227 7.2 45655 1645 11099

6 WB 19 669 0 0 24228 0 5759

7 WB 11.5 131 0 0 7917 0 3205

8 WB 31 146 44 30.1 4442 917 640

9 WB 33 288 6 2.1 15419 184 3057

10 WB 33.5 94 2 2.1 6914 67 1916

12 WB 36.5 71 0 0 5128 0 1268

13 WB 31.5 17 0 0 1495 0 480

TOTAL **** **** 4697 299 **** 115086 **** 28603

GRAND TOTAL **** **** 10039 843 229 248068 8813 61178

Table 5 Gross Vehicle Weight by Class and Lane Vehicle Class EB WB Total Percentage

1 7 5 11 0

2 326417 273162 599579 35.2

3 419609 427987 847596 49.7

4 10355 4025 14380 0.8

5 46762 47299 94061 5.5

6 29360 24228 53589 3.1

7 8320 7917 16237 1

8 7482 5359 12841 0.8

9 19487 15603 35090 2.1

10 12816 6980 19796 1.2

11 33 0 33 0

12 2966 5128 8094 0.5

13 1263 1495 2759 0.2

TOTAL 884877 819190 1704067 100

GVW/LANE 51.93 48.07 100 0.01

Table 6 ESALs by Class and Lane and Flexible ESAL Factors Vehicle Class EB WB Total Percentage Flexible ESAL Factor

1 0 0 0 0 0.1111

2 37 30 66 1.6 9e-04

3 90 93 183 4.4 0.0017

4 212 71 283 6.8 1.46

5 515 517 1032 24.8 0.33

6 577 508 1086 26.1 1.45

7 152 132 283 6.8 2.08

8 129 113 242 5.8 1.34

9 235 227 462 11.1 1.36

10 224 126 350 8.4 2.6

11 0 0 0 0 0.85

12 36 78 114 2.7 1.92

13 31 34 65 1.6 3.44

TOTAL 2237 1928 4166 100 17

ESALS/LANE 53.7 46.3 100 -- --

Table 7 Site Summary: Volume and Vehicle Class

Month Total Volume

Monthly ADT

Monthly HCADT

Passenger Vehicles

Passenger Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles

Heavy Commercial Vehicles %

Jul 2014 372399 12013 320 362469 97.3 9929.7 2.7

Aug 2014 366025 11807 277 357425 97.7 8600.4 2.3

Sep 2014 359315 11977 321 349678 97.3 9637.5 2.7

Oct 2014 370246 11943 329 360054 97.2 10191.8 2.8

Nov 2014 322033 10734 233 315037 97.8 6996 2.2

Dec 2014 334115 10778 219 327316 98 6798.7 2

Jan 2015 321925 10385 212 315349 98 6576.2 2

Feb 2015 297734 10633 224 291471 97.9 6262.8 2.1

Mar 2015 341371 11012 234 334131 97.9 7239.6 2.1

Apr 2015 363187 12106 330 353274 97.3 9912.6 2.7

May 2015 395925 12772 327 385782 97.4 10143.5 2.6

TOTAL 3844275 -- -- 3751986 -- 92289 --

AVERAGE 349480 11469 275 341090 98 8390 2

ESALs Month ESALS EB Driving Lane ESALS WB Driving Lane Total ESALS Pavement Life Decrease Months

Jul 2014 1868 2767 4635 1.7

Aug 2014 1588 1962 3550 4.4

Sep 2014 1780 1987 3768 3.2

Oct 2014 2064 2160 4225 2.6

Nov 2014 1259 1342 2601 2.3

Dec 2014 1112 1414 2526 3.2

Jan 2015 1231 1347 2578 0.4

Feb 2015 1161 1251 2412 1.5

Mar 2015 1459 1581 3039 4.5

Apr 2015 1814 2303 4117 1.6

May 2015 2246 1977 4223 1.2

TOTAL 17582 -- -- --

AVERAGE 1598 1826 3425 2

Gross Vehicle Weight Month GVW EB Driving Lane GVW WB Driving Lane Total GVW Kips

Jul 2014 689188 673215 1362403

Aug 2014 636561 611755 1248317

Sep 2014 726054 703646 1429700

Oct 2014 797265 778369 1575635

Nov 2014 887145 824081 1711227

Dec 2014 810539 821103 1631643

Jan 2015 780169 772958 1553127

Feb 2015 775844 773184 1549028

Mar 2015 818573 810758 1629331

Apr 2015 687954 680576 1368530

May 2015 703116 704639 1407755

TOTAL 8312409 8154285 16466695

AVERAGE 755674 741299 1496972

Overweight Vehicles

Month Total Number of Overweight Vehicles

Overweight / Total Volume

Overweight / Heavy Commercial Volume

Number Over 88,000 lbs

Number Over 98,000 lbs

Jul 2014 828 0.2 7.3 37 16

Aug 2014 500 0.1 5 37 11

Sep 2014 493 0.1 4.5 33 15

Oct 2014 622 0.2 5.4 38 13

Nov 2014 306 0.1 3.8 21 13

Dec 2014 277 0.1 3.5 13 2

Jan 2015 313 0.1 4 9 5

Feb 2015 289 0.1 3.8 20 14

Mar 2015 409 0.1 4.6 33 12

Apr 2015 735 0.2 6.2 39 20

May 2015 730 0.2 6.1 24 10

TOTAL 5502 -- -- 304 131

AVERAGE 500.2 0.1 4.9 27.6 11.9

Freight Month EB Freight Tons WB Freight Tons Total Freight EB Freight % WB Freight %

Jul 2014 27293 38063 65356 41.8 58.2

Aug 2014 23468 26586 50054 46.9 53.1

Sep 2014 25978 28645 54623 47.6 52.4

Oct 2014 30319 31336 61655 49.2 50.8

Nov 2014 17377 18180 35558 48.9 51.1

Dec 2014 15908 18009 33917 46.9 53.1

Jan 2015 16032 16971 33003 48.6 51.4

Feb 2015 15697 16916 32613 48.1 51.9

Mar 2015 19290 19958 39249 49.1 50.9

Apr 2015 27813 33906 61719 45.1 54.9

May 2015 32575 28603 61178 53.2 46.8

TOTAL 251750 277175 528925 -- --

AVERAGE 22886.4 25197.7 48084.1 47.8 52.2