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William T.G. Morton
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William T.G. Morton
William T.G. Morton
BornAugust 9, 1819
Charlton, Massachusetts
DiedJuly 15,1868
New York City
Nationality United States
Fields dentistry
Alma mater Washington University
Known for etherfor a surgical operation
William Thomas Green Morton (August 9, 1819 - July 15, 1868) was an American
dentist and physician. He was born in Charlton, Massachusetts. He received his
(honorary) M.D. at Washington University in Baltimore in 1852. He administeredetherfor a surgical operation at Massachusetts General Hospitalon October 16, 1846.
This first successful public demonstration by Morton ofetheras an inhalationanesthetic
was an historic and widely publicized event. Many consider him to be the "inventor and
revealer" ofanesthesia. However, he was not the first person to use ether for surgical
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anesthesia. Dr. Crawford Williamson Longfirst usedetheras an anesthetic during
surgery on March 30, 1842, and although he demonstrated its use to physicians in
Georgia on numerous occasions, he did not publish his findings until 1868, in TheSouthern Medical and Surgical Journal. Morton and Long's accomplishments were key
factors in the medical and scientific pursuit now referred to as anesthesiology and
allowed the development of modern surgery. Spread of the news of this "new" anestheticwas helped by the subsequent feud that developed between Morton and two other
scientists that claimed to have made the discovery, Dr. Horace Wells and Dr.Charles T.
Jackson. In contradistinction to Drs. Morton, Wells, and Jackson, Dr. Crawford Longnever sought royalties or a patent from the discovery.
[edit] Biography
Born in Charlton, Massachusetts, William Morton was originally adentist. His parents
were James Morton, a farmer, and Rebecca (Needham) Morton. He studied underHoraceWells in Hartford, Connecticut. The two later became partners. Morton claimed to have
graduated from Baltimore Dental College in 1842 (although research indicated that hehad never attended dental or medical school). In 1843 he married Elizabeth Whitman of
Farmington, Connecticut, the niece of former Congressman Lemuel Whitman. Herparents objected to his profession and only agreed to the marriage after he promised to
study medicine, so in the autumn of 1844, Morton received tutoring from Dr. Charles T.
Jackson at Harvard Medical School. He was eventually awarded an honorary medicaldegree in 1852 by Washington University in Baltimore. On September 30,1846, Morton
performed a painless tooth extraction after administering ether to a patient. This
procedure led to an arrangement of a now-famous demonstration on October 16, 1846, atthe Massachusetts General Hospital. At this demonstration Dr. John Collins Warren
painlessly removed a tumorfrom the neck of a Mr. Edward Gilbert Abbott. Following the
demonstration Morton tried to hide the identity of the substance Abbott had inhaled(ether). He referred to it as "Letheon". He had intentions to patent the substance and
profit from its use. However, the letheon was quickly shown to be ether, and it was
soon after being used in both the United States and Europe. Morton received a patent for
ether in the US, which was later revoked, and never received any royalties. He spent hisdeclining years in an attempt to persuadeCongressto provide him compensation for his
discovery, but this never arrived. His pursuit of profit from etheradministration was
complicated by the fact that his former mentor Dr. Charles T Jackson had subsequentlydemonstrated the use ofetherin Paris and claimed the discovery as his own without
credit or mention of Morton (or C. W. Long).
In the autumn of 1862 he joined the Army of the Potomacas a volunteer surgeon, andapplied ether to more than two thousand wounded soldiers during the battles ofFredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and the Wilderness.
Morton was inNew York City in July 1868 when he went to Central Parkto seek relief
from a heat wave, but he collapsed there and died soon after. He is buried at MountAuburn Cemeteryin Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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org/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsvillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wildernesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Auburn_Cemeteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Auburn_Cemeteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%2C_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts 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[edit] Legacy
Panel from monument in Boston commemorating Morton's demonstration of the
anesthetic use of ether.
The 1944Paramount Picturesfilm The Great Moment, written and directed byPrestonSturges, is based on the life of W. T. G. Morton. Morton was ranked #37 onMichael H.
Hart'slist of the most influential figures in history.
[edit] References
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Heynick, Frank (2003), William T.G. Morton and "The Great Moment".,
Journal of the history of dentistry51 (1): 27-35, 2003 Mar, PMID:12641171,
Deranian, H M (1997), The great Morton-Jackson debate.,Journal of the
Massachusetts Dental Society46 (2): 24-5, 1997, PMID:9540719,
Morton, W T (1996), [SMW 100 years ago. William Thomas Green Morton and
the discovery of anesthesia], Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift
126 (47): 2040-2, 1996 Nov 23, PMID:8984612,
Westhorpe, R (1996), William Morton and the first successful demonstration of
anaesthesia.,Anaesthesia and intensive care24 (5): 529, 1996 Oct,
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Vandam, L D (1996), The last days of William Thomas Green Morton.,
Journal of clinical anesthesia8 (6): 431-4, 1996 Sep, PMID:8872680,
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Vandam, L D (1994), Benjamin Perley Poore and his historical materials for a
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Keys, T E (1973), William Thomas Green Morton (1819-1868).,Anesth. Analg.
52 (2): 166, 1973 Mar, PMID:4572338,
[Two tormented lives. Horace Wells and William Morton],Boletin de
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Asbell, M B (1970), William Thomas Green Morton., Worcester medical news
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Andreae, H (1969), [The discoverer of ether anesthesia, dentist Morton, born 150
years ago],Zahnrztliche Praxis20 (23): 276, 1969 Dec 1, PMID:5263393,
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194 (2): 190-1, 1965, 1965 Oct 11, PMID:5319582,
ALPER, M H, THE ETHER CONTROVERSY REVISITED (MORTON WT),
(JACKSON CT).,Anesthesiology25: 560-3, PMID:14192801,
[WILLIAM THOMAS GREEN MORTON.],Revista espaola deanestesiologa3 (4): 380-3, 1956, 1956 Oct, PMID:13389978,
Fenster, J.M. (2001). Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical
Discovery and the Haunted Men Who Made It. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
Louis FiguierExposition et histoire des principales dcouvertes scientifiques
modernes p. 212 (Paris: Masson, 1851) (in French) contains an account of the
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discovery of anaesthesia with ether by Morton and Jackson and of its reception in
Europe.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_T.G._Morton"
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"Gentlemen, this is not a humbug".
The 150th anniversary of anesthesiabyStromskag KE.
Anestesiavdelingen,
Fylkessjukehuset i Molde.Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1996 Dec 10;116(30):3622-4.
ABSTRACT
On 16 October 1996 it was 150 years since William T.G. Morton performed the first
successful demonstration of ether anaesthesia in the Massachusetts GeneralHospital, Boston, USA. Controlling the pain caused by surgery had been a problem
for a long time. In fact, many chemical agents with pain relieving properties wererecognized before they were used in practice. Morton started systematic studies on
the anaesthetic effects of ether and convinced the medical world of the importance of
pain free operations through his demonstration of ether inhalation. The news aboutether anaesthesia spread around the world very quickly. The first ether anaesthesia
administered in Norway took place at Rigshospitalet in Christiania on 4 March 1847.The first death from anaesthesia in Norway occurred in 1852. This article presents
some aspects of both the Norwegian and international history of anaesthesia.
William Thomas Green Morton
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William Thomas Green Morton (9 Agustus1819 - 15 Juli1868) bertanggung jawab
atas pertunjukan umum pertama yang berhasil untuketersebagai anestesipenghirupan.Banyak orang yang menganggapnya "penemu dan pengungkap" anestesi. Namun, ia
bukan orang pertama yang menggunakan eter untuk anestesi pembedahan - Crawford
Williamson Longmenggunakan eter beberapa tahun sebelumnya namun tak menerbitkanatau mempopulerkan pemakaiannya hingga pertunjukan umum Morton. Kepandaian
Morton ialah faktor kunci dalam pencarian medis dan ilmiah yang kini kita sebut
anestesiologi dan memungkinkan pengembangan pembedahan modern.
Lahir di Charlton, Massachusetts, awalnya William Morton seorang dokter gigi. OrTunyaialah Edward J. Morton dand Alice T. Holtorf. Ia belajar dengan Horace Wells di
Hartford,Connecticut. 2 tahun kemudian menjadi mitra. Morton memutuskan
meninggalkan profesinya sebagai dokter gigi untuk belajar kedokteran diHarvard.
Pada 30 September1846, Morton mempertunjukkan pencabutan gigi tanpa rasa sakitsetelah meyuntikkan eter kepada pasien. Prosedur ini menimbulkan penyusunan
demonstrasi 16 Oktober1846 yang kini terkenal di Rumah Sakit Umum Massachusetts.
Pada pertunjukan ini Dr. John Collins Warrenmenghilangkan tumordari leher Tn.Abbott tanpa rasa sakit. Menyusul demonstrasi ini Morton mencoba menyembunyikan
identitas bahan yang telah dihirup Abbott (eter). Ia menyebutnya sebagai "letheon". Ia
cenderung mempatenkan bahan itu dan mendapatkan keuntungan dari menggunakannya.Namun dengan cepat letheon dikenal sebagai eter, dan ini terjadi setelah digunakan di
AS dan Eropa. Morton menerima paten untuk eter di AS namun tak pernah menerima
royalti apapun.
Film Paramount Pictures tahun 1944 "The Great Moment", ditulis/disutradarai olehPreston Sturges, dibuat berdasarkan kehidupan W. T. G. Morton.
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