william lacy swing special representative for the democratic republic of the congo monuc briefing to...
TRANSCRIPT
William Lacy SWINGWilliam Lacy SWING
Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo
MONUCSpecial Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo
MONUCBriefing to the Briefing to the
Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on DefenceParliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Defence
Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on DefenceParliamentary Portfolio Committee on Defence
Cape Town, 23 June 2006Cape Town, 23 June 2006
ISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITYISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITYISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITYISSUE: COST AND SUSTAINABILITY
MESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLEMESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLEMESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLEMESSAGE: ACHIEVE TIMELY RESULTS TO REMAIN CREDIBLE
UN MISSIONUN MISSION
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MBANDAKA
GBADOLITE
KISANGANI BENI/BUTEMBO
BUNIA
GOMA
BUKAVU
KINDU
LUBUMBASHI
UVIRA
MBUJI-MAYI
KANANGA KALEMIE
LUBERO
MATADI
HQ KINSHASA
HQ Kinshasa
17 Field Offices
5 Military HQs
4 Logistics bases
3 Regional Offices
HQ MILITARY
EASTERN DIV.
ITURI BDE
KIVU BDE N
KIVU BDE NSLOG BASE
LOG BASE
LOG BASEKigoma, Tanzania
REGIONAL OFFICEKampala, Uganda
REGIONAL OFFICEKigali, Rwanda
REGIONAL OFFICEPretoria, South Africa
LOG BASEEntebbe, Uganda
MONUC OFFICESMONUC OFFICES MONUC OFFICESMONUC OFFICES
KIKWIT
BANDUNDU VILLE
ARU/MAHAGI
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISE CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISE CONTINUE TO DECENTRALISE
One of world’s largest on-going tragedies
Potential political center of gravity for central Africa
Latent African economic powerhouse
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One of world’s largest on-going tragedies
Potential political center of gravity for central Africa
Latent African economic powerhouse
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Why the DRC MattersWhy the DRC Matters
MESSAGE: MESSAGE: IF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITSIF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITSMESSAGE: MESSAGE: IF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITSIF CONGO SUCCEEDS, ALL AFRICA PROFITS
Introduction
1. MONUC: Most sweeping changes since 1999;
2. DRC: Unprecedented international commitment;
3. Issues: Most favorable constellation
1. MONUC: Most sweeping changes since 1999;
2. DRC: Unprecedented international commitment;
3. Issues: Most favorable constellation
THREE KEY POINTS: THREE KEY POINTS:
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADS CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADSMESSAGE:MESSAGE: CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADS CONGO IS AT CROSS ROADS
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Unprecedented International Commitment
Unprecedented International Commitment
5 international peace agreements 5 international peace agreements (Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);(Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);
30+ UNSC resolutions;30+ UNSC resolutions;
7 UNSC Missions to DRC. 7 UNSC Missions to DRC.
USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC
33 peacekeepers killed in action33 peacekeepers killed in action
5 international peace agreements 5 international peace agreements (Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);(Lusaka, Sun City, Pretoria, etc);
30+ UNSC resolutions;30+ UNSC resolutions;
7 UNSC Missions to DRC. 7 UNSC Missions to DRC.
USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC USD 4 billion+ (1999-2006) for MONUC
33 peacekeepers killed in action33 peacekeepers killed in action
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL FRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTUREFRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTURE
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL DRC TRANSITION HAS INTL LEGAL FRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTUREFRAMEWORK; FINANCES; STRUCTURE
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An African process
Mbeki Masire Obasanjo Sassou N. Konare
An African process
Mbeki Masire Obasanjo Sassou N. Konare
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIAL REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIALMESSAGE:MESSAGE: REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIAL REGIONAL SUPPORT ESSENTIAL
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Core GoalsI. Elections with StabilityI. Elections with Stability
II. Peace and Security / II. Peace and Security / SSRSSR
III. Address War’s LegacyIII. Address War’s Legacy
IV. Mission Support & IV. Mission Support & ReformReform
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I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
Elections and the regionElections and the region
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960MESSAGE:MESSAGE: 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960 10 UN PKOs in 7 COUNTRIES SINCE 1960
Sudan (1) VAR (1) Rcongo UgandaRcongo Uganda
DRC (2) Rwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia TanzaniaRwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia Tanzania
Sudan (1) VAR (1) Rcongo UgandaRcongo Uganda
DRC (2) Rwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia TanzaniaRwanda (1) Burundi (1) Angola (4) Zambia Tanzania
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Law on financing of Law on financing of
political partiespolitical parties
Law on MagistratesLaw on Magistrates Law on the Law on the Conseil Conseil
Superieur de la MagistratureSuperieur de la Magistrature
Law on Voter Registration
Law on Political Parties
Law on the IEC
Law on the TRC
Law on the High Media Auth.
Law on the National HR Ob.
Law on the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Com.
Law on Nationality
Law on Army & Defense
2005 Budget
Constitution
Referendum Law
Law on Amnesty
Electoral lawElectoral law
In Government (1)In Government (1) In Parliament (2) In Parliament (2) Promulgated (14)Promulgated (14)
Joint Commission: Constitution & Essential Legislation
Chaired by: SRSG and National Assembly President
Secretariat: MONUC
Constitution & Essential Legislation Constitution & Essential Legislation
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SET LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SETMESSAGE:MESSAGE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SET LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTIONS SET
Largest country (2,344,885 sq km)
Largest electorate (25.6 million)
First free and fair elections in 40 years
Last census 1984; no ID cards
53,000 Polling stations, 300,000 poll workers
“Europe without roads”
Largest country (2,344,885 sq km)
Largest electorate (25.6 million)
First free and fair elections in 40 years
Last census 1984; no ID cards
53,000 Polling stations, 300,000 poll workers
“Europe without roads”
Challenges for the Elections: Challenges for the Elections:
Elections Elections I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTED LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTEDMESSAGE:MESSAGE: LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTED LARGEST ELECTIONS UN HAS ASSISTED
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Stringent deadlines
Funding and equipment
Intl technical support
Civic education
Tense political environment
Security situation
Supreme Court of Justice credibility
Transport of cash for payments
Stringent deadlines
Funding and equipment
Intl technical support
Civic education
Tense political environment
Security situation
Supreme Court of Justice credibility
Transport of cash for payments
Challenges for the Elections (2): Challenges for the Elections (2):
Elections Elections I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
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Electoral processElectoral process
Some achievements so far:Some achievements so far:
I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
25.6 million voters registered25.6 million voters registered
New Constitution adopted at a referendumNew Constitution adopted at a referendum
33 presidential; 9,632 parliamentary, 10,000+33 presidential; 9,632 parliamentary, 10,000+ provincial assembly candidatesprovincial assembly candidates
Process at point of no returnProcess at point of no return
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I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
Some statistics::
Candidates: statistics (1)Candidates: statistics (1)
33 Presidential candidates33 Presidential candidates
9,632 candidates for 500 seats in Parliament in 169 9,632 candidates for 500 seats in Parliament in 169 districtsdistricts
17 candidates per seat on average17 candidates per seat on average
56 per seat in Kinshasa, 12 in Equateur and Maniema56 per seat in Kinshasa, 12 in Equateur and Maniema
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I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
Candidates: statistics (2)Candidates: statistics (2)
Have registered as candidates:Have registered as candidates:
80% of current MPs80% of current MPs
70% of Government members70% of Government members
60% of incumbent Governors and D/Gov.60% of incumbent Governors and D/Gov.
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I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
Candidates: statistics (3)Candidates: statistics (3)
Candidates of Candidates of 218218 parties for 500 seats: parties for 500 seats:1.1. Alliance présidentielle : 1,100+Alliance présidentielle : 1,100+2.2. CODECO: 600+CODECO: 600+3.3. MLC: 435MLC: 4354.4. RCD: 425RCD: 4255.5. UNADEC: 400UNADEC: 4006.6. Forces du renouveau (RCD-KML+): 430Forces du renouveau (RCD-KML+): 4307.7. PALU: 200PALU: 2008.8. Démocratie Chrétienne: 200Démocratie Chrétienne: 200
Electoral process: UN roleElectoral process: UN role
Electoral assistanceElectoral assistance (MONUC, UNDP)(MONUC, UNDP)
Electoral funds management, incl. procurementElectoral funds management, incl. procurement (UNDP)(UNDP)
Logistics to and beyond 166 local sites Logistics to and beyond 166 local sites (MONUC)(MONUC)
Security in Eastern DRC Security in Eastern DRC (MONUC)(MONUC)
Public information Public information (MONUC/Okapi)(MONUC/Okapi)
I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONS UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONSMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONS UN’S ROLE ESSENTIAL TO DRC ELECTIONS
ISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDEDISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDEDISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDEDISSUE 1: MORE STAFF & AIRCRAFT NEEDED
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Electoral SecurityElectoral Security
FARDC/PNC: FARDC/PNC: No equipment, weak No equipment, weak support support
MONUC Force: MONUC Force: Limited, focused Limited, focused on Easton East (13/15 batts)(13/15 batts)
DDRRR: DDRRR: 10,000 foreign 10,000 foreign combatantscombatants
DDR:DDR: 150,000 Congolese150,000 Congolesecombatantscombatants
FARDC/PNC: FARDC/PNC: No equipment, weak No equipment, weak support support
MONUC Force: MONUC Force: Limited, focused Limited, focused on Easton East (13/15 batts)(13/15 batts)
DDRRR: DDRRR: 10,000 foreign 10,000 foreign combatantscombatants
DDR:DDR: 150,000 Congolese150,000 Congolesecombatantscombatants
Congolese National Police
Presidential Guard
I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
Concerns:
ISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNCISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNCISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNCISSUE: INTL SUPPORT FOR FARDC AND PNC
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150,000+150,000+ (est.) combatants in FARDC (est.) combatants in FARDC
123,159123,159 processed: processed:
79,65979,659 demobilized, of which demobilized, of which 17,00017,000 children children
38,29338,293 re-integrated in the FARDC re-integrated in the FARDC
80,00080,000 weapons collected weapons collected
75,000+75,000+ remaining most difficult remaining most difficult
PERSISTENT PERSISTENT DELAYS, BLOCKAGESDELAYS, BLOCKAGES
MONUC’S ROLE: (1) Secure orientation centres with FARDC/CNP; (2) Disarm and control armament with SMI, CONADER; (3) Dispose of defective arms/munitions.
150,000+150,000+ (est.) combatants in FARDC (est.) combatants in FARDC
123,159123,159 processed: processed:
79,65979,659 demobilized, of which demobilized, of which 17,00017,000 children children
38,29338,293 re-integrated in the FARDC re-integrated in the FARDC
80,00080,000 weapons collected weapons collected
75,000+75,000+ remaining most difficult remaining most difficult
PERSISTENT PERSISTENT DELAYS, BLOCKAGESDELAYS, BLOCKAGES
MONUC’S ROLE: (1) Secure orientation centres with FARDC/CNP; (2) Disarm and control armament with SMI, CONADER; (3) Dispose of defective arms/munitions.
DDR & IntegrationDDR & IntegrationI. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
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ISSUE:ISSUE: RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONS RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONSISSUE:ISSUE: RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONS RETAIN FPUs AFTER ELECTIONS
MONUC Police: FPUsMONUC Police: FPUs
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Duties of the 6 MONUC FPU
1. Support MONUC Police Activities
2. Crowd Control and Public Security
Protect UN officials and police in the discharge of their duties
Support MONUC Police tactically and operationally
Protect UN officials and police in the discharge of their duties
Support MONUC Police tactically and operationally
Rapid response and public order capacity
Manage crowd / riot situations
Fill potential security vacuum during subsequent UN military
withdrawal
other mandated duties
Rapid response and public order capacity
Manage crowd / riot situations
Fill potential security vacuum during subsequent UN military
withdrawal
other mandated duties
Duties of the 6 MONUC FPU
3. Assistance to the National Police (PNC)
4. Assistance to Humanitarian Agencies and other Organizations the UN supports
Give PNC rapid crowd control and public order capacity
Assist and train PNC to develop this capacity
Give PNC rapid crowd control and public order capacity
Assist and train PNC to develop this capacity
Assist the humanitarian agencies and other organizations
acknowledged by the United Nations
Assist the humanitarian agencies and other organizations
acknowledged by the United Nations
Listeners: 30 million+Listeners: 30 million+
Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, on satellite, on interneton satellite, on internet
7 days a week, 24-hours 7 days a week, 24-hours a day in five languages. a day in five languages.
The only national radioThe only national radio
Crucial to ‘elections with Crucial to ‘elections with stability’ stability’
Listeners: 30 million+Listeners: 30 million+
Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, Cov. pop.: 80% FM, 100% SW, on satellite, on interneton satellite, on internet
7 days a week, 24-hours 7 days a week, 24-hours a day in five languages. a day in five languages.
The only national radioThe only national radio
Crucial to ‘elections with Crucial to ‘elections with stability’ stability’
Supporting Supporting MONUC’s mandateMONUC’s mandate
Public Information Public Information I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL VOICEVOICE
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL PRESERVE OKAPI’S PROFESSIONAL, IMPARTIAL VOICEVOICE
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FinancesFinancesDescription Description Budget (USD)Budget (USD)
INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL COMM. (CEI) 40,000,000
BUREAU NATIONAL DES OPERATIONS 14,504,941
APEC TECHNICAL UNIT 15,896,596
REGISTRATION 98,273,952
REFERENDUM 25,814,505
COMBINED POLLS 110,073,080
LOGISTICS 103,503,151
SECURITY 50,700,000
Total 458,846,225
BUDGET :BUDGET :
I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONS STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONSMESSAGE:MESSAGE: STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONS STRONG INTL SUPPORT FOR ELECTIONS
Until December 2006Until December 2006
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Country Cost (USD) Population Polls Cost/capita/Poll Remarks
DRCDRC 422 M 422 M 60 M 560 M 5 1.41.4 Log.+Sec. incl. Log.+Sec. incl.
LiberiaLiberia 17.5 M 17.5 M 3 M 3 M 1 1 5.85.8
AfghanistanAfghanistan 170 M 170 M 30 M 30 M 1 1 5.75.7
HaitiHaiti 41 M 41 M 8.4 M 8.4 M 4 4 1.21.2
Comparative CostsComparative Costs
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
USD
DRC Liberia Afghanistan Haiti
Country
Cost/Capita/Poll
I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
Geographical challengeGeographical challengeI. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
A continent-sized country…A continent-sized country…213 times larger than Kosovo;
86 times larger than Burundi;
24 times larger than Liberia;
or, the same size as… Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Poland…combined
213 times larger than Kosovo;
86 times larger than Burundi;
24 times larger than Liberia;
or, the same size as… Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Poland…combined
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
AREAS:AREAS:
2,345,410 sq km2,345,410 sq km (DRC) (DRC)
1,180,820 sq km1,180,820 sq km (Afghanistan + (Afghanistan +
Cote d’Ivoire + Haiti + Cote d’Ivoire + Haiti + Liberia + Sierra Leone)Liberia + Sierra Leone)
I. Elections with stabilityI. Elections with stability
Geographical challengeGeographical challenge
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE UNPRECEDENTED UN PK SCALE
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic of the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Cof the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Côôte te d’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leoned’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leone
Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic Cambodia Liberia Democratic Republic of the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Cof the Congo Sierra Leone Haiti Côôte te d’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leoned’Ivoire Afghanistan Sierra Leone
FORCE FORCE COMMANDER’S COMMANDER’S
SCHEME OF SCHEME OF MANOEUVREMANOEUVRE
FORCE HQ FORCE HQ KINSHASAKINSHASA
DIVISIONAL HQDIVISIONAL HQKISANGANIKISANGANI
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITAL TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITALMESSAGE:MESSAGE: TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITAL TROOP LEVELS INADEQUATE, DIV HQ VITAL
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
DEPLOYMENT IN DEPLOYMENT IN ITURIITURI - 77 220 km - 77 220 km22 DEPLOYMENT IN DEPLOYMENT IN ITURIITURI - 77 220 km - 77 220 km22
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLE HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLEMESSAGE:MESSAGE: HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLE HETEROGENEOUS BRIGADE INADVISABLE
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
-- --
II A+
REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: NORTH KIVU BRIGADENORTH KIVU BRIGADE
REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: NORTH KIVU BRIGADENORTH KIVU BRIGADE
7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.
7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
2/ III 2/ III C A
REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: SOUTH KIVU BRIGADESOUTH KIVU BRIGADE
REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS:REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS: SOUTH KIVU BRIGADESOUTH KIVU BRIGADE
7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.
7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUSREINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES REINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUSREINFORCEMENT IN THE KIVUS NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU BRIGADES
7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.
7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times 7,300 troops at 13 locations in an area 5 times larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and larger than Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Burundi combined. Burundi combined.
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
Foreign Armed GroupsForeign Armed GroupsII. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
RwandanRwandan: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]
UgandanUgandan: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA
BurundianBurundian: FNL [<500?]: FNL [<500?]
Threat to local population and regional relationsThreat to local population and regional relations
Local business/political interestsLocal business/political interests
Increasing FARDC / MONUC military pressureIncreasing FARDC / MONUC military pressure
RwandanRwandan: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]: FDLR [7,000 - 8,000]
UgandanUgandan: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA: ADF/NALU [1,500 – 2,000] & LRA
BurundianBurundian: FNL [<500?]: FNL [<500?]
Threat to local population and regional relationsThreat to local population and regional relations
Local business/political interestsLocal business/political interests
Increasing FARDC / MONUC military pressureIncreasing FARDC / MONUC military pressure
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL RELATIONS, BUT RELATIONS, BUT NOTNOT DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL FAGs MENACE DRC PEOPLE, REGIONAL RELATIONS, BUT RELATIONS, BUT NOTNOT DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS DRC ELECTIONS OR NEIGHBOURS
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
2. Military Measures:• Area Domination Missions• Joint FARDC-MONUC operations • Establishment of arms-free zones (cordon and search operations) • Dismantlement of illegal checkpoints/road tax blockades
DDRRR StrategyDDRRR Strategy
3. Justice: • Arrest of Gedeon; and“India Queen•Arrest of General Jerome Kakuavu and Kisembo from the Ituri militias•Arrest of General Widi , FARDC commander of the 6e military region •ICC extraditions: e.g. Thomas Lubanga•Arrest of FDLR Leader Murwanashyaka•Uganda arrest of MRC leaders•Extradition treaties
1. Political pressure: • Security Council/Tripartite sanctions Neighbors and Governments to support peace process• Denial of safe havens/rear bases
DDRRR: Building military pressure
DDRRR: Building military pressure
Objectives: Objectives:
Protect the populationProtect the population
Dominate foreign group-held areasDominate foreign group-held areas
Constraints:Constraints:
MONUC: MONUC: Inadequate mapping;Inadequate mapping;FARDCFARDC: Poor log & ops support: Poor log & ops support
Means: Means: Area domination, show of force, deterrence Area domination, show of force, deterrence (« Iron Fist », « Falcon Sweep », «Thunder Storm », etc. )(« Iron Fist », « Falcon Sweep », «Thunder Storm », etc. )
II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
* Shows reduction in number of foreign combatants and dependents on DRC territory, whether by repatriation or death.
DDRRR: statisticsDDRRR: statisticsII. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
12 June 200612 June 2006
REPATRIATEDREPATRIATED Ex-cbtsEx-cbts CiviliansCivilians TotalTotal
RwandanRwandan 4, 5374, 537 4,3164,316 8,8538,853
UgandanUgandan 415415 292292 707707
BurundeseBurundese 3,6563,656 124124 3,7803,780
TotalTotal 8,6088,608 4,7324,732 13,34013,340
KILLEDKILLED Ex-cbtsEx-cbts CiviliansCivilians TotalTotal
RwandanRwandan 4343 00 4343
UgandanUgandan 9999 00 9999
BurundeseBurundese 88 00 88
TotalTotal 150150 00 150150
12112
11964
11883
11793
11754
10925
10842
10788
10758
10629
10469
9290
2749
2582
2477
23441851
1650
1396
1316823
1040
11033
1118711368
11273
11453
11405
11638
1155511694
2937
4613
6732
12664
12279
12845
12992
13082
13340
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
DDRRR: statisticsDDRRR: statisticsII. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
Cumulative repatriationsCumulative repatriations
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; MILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIREDMILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIRED
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; VOLUNTARY DDRRR AT STANDSTILL, POL; MILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIREDMILITARY; LEGAL PRESSURE REQUIRED
IturiIturi Armed GroupsArmed Groups 10,000 FARDC and 5,000 Blue Helmets in Ituri10,000 FARDC and 5,000 Blue Helmets in Ituri
Build-up in FARDC-MONUC opsBuild-up in FARDC-MONUC ops
Ending impunity: T. Lubanga extradited / 7-8 in Kampala detention, several inEnding impunity: T. Lubanga extradited / 7-8 in Kampala detention, several in
DRC jailsDRC jails
« India Queen »« India Queen »
MAIN PROBLEM: illegal weapons – illegal exports syndromeMAIN PROBLEM: illegal weapons – illegal exports syndrome
DCR payments ending 30 JuneDCR payments ending 30 June
Elections: reduced operational tempo Elections: reduced operational tempo
Weak FARDC ops & log capacityWeak FARDC ops & log capacity
LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS
OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES
II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
MARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPSMARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
MARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPSMARCH 2005: AREAS OF OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS
Mongwalu
Fataki
MahagiNdrele
ARU
Mahag
Kwandruma
TcheKafe
Tchomia
Gina
Marobo
Marobo
Marobo
KasenyMambasa
MambasaAveba
FatakiKwandruma
Tchomia
Mambasa
KasenyiMahagi
Aveba
Aru
Mongwalu
Marabo
Kafe
TcheGina
AUGUST 2005: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS AUGUST 2005: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS
Bunia
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
Fataki
Kwandruma
TchomiaMambasa
Kasenyi
Mahagi
Aru
Mongwalu
Marabo
Kafe
Tche
Gina
MAY 2006: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPSMAY 2006: AREAS OF ITURI ARMED GROUPS
Bunia
[PMG note: map not included, please email [email protected]]
Essential Tasks: Army integrationEssential Tasks: Army integration
Army brassage center
Army/DDR Orientation centre
KISANGANIKISANGANI
NYALEKENYALEKE
RUMANGABORUMANGABO
LUBERIZILUBERIZI
KITONAKITONA
KAMINAKAMINA
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBER QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBERMESSAGE:MESSAGE: QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBER QUALITY MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMBER
New Army (FARDC): StatusNew Army (FARDC): StatusTG Objective: 3 waves x 6 Integrated Brigades by ElectionsTG Objective: 3 waves x 6 Integrated Brigades by Elections
Brigades Training Deployment Donor
1st Jan-Jun 04 Ituri Belgium
2nd Jan-May 05 North Kivu (Rutshuru) Angola
3rd Feb-Jun 05 South Kivu (Bukavu) Belgium-RSA
4 th Apr-Aug 05 Ituri (border areas) DRC
5th Jul-Sep 05 Re-deployment DRC
6th Jul-Sep 05 Ituri (mining areas) DRC
11stst WAVE WAVE
33rdrd WAVE WAVE
22ndnd WAVE WAVE- 7th , 8th and 9th ready and waiting deployment
- 10th, 11th and 12th to be ready shortly
MAY – ? 06 - SIX BDES
II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
FARDC: Short-term requirementsFARDC: Short-term requirements• 9 integrated Brigades:9 integrated Brigades:
– 3 Bdes 3 Bdes IturiIturi– 3 Bdes 3 Bdes North KivuNorth Kivu– 3 Bdes 3 Bdes South KivuSouth Kivu • LogisticsLogistics: food, water, medical, : food, water, medical,
transporttransport• TG TG to provide arms and ammunition, to provide arms and ammunition,
optical, accommodation and medical optical, accommodation and medical supportsupport
• DONORS NEEDEDDONORS NEEDED: clothing, individual : clothing, individual equipment, communications equipment, communications equipment, vehicles, nautical assetsequipment, vehicles, nautical assets
II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIRED URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIREDMESSAGE:MESSAGE: URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIRED URGENT INTL SUPPORT REQUIRED
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Regional relationsRegional relationsFRAMEWORKSFRAMEWORKS
Joint Verification MechanismsJoint Verification Mechanisms
DRC/RwandaDRC/Rwanda
DRC/UgandaDRC/Uganda
Tripartite+ Commission
FRAMEWORKSFRAMEWORKS
Joint Verification MechanismsJoint Verification Mechanisms
DRC/RwandaDRC/Rwanda
DRC/UgandaDRC/Uganda
Tripartite+ Commission
II. Peace and SecurityII. Peace and Security
ACHIEVEMENTS:ACHIEVEMENTS:
Joint Verification MissionsJoint Verification Missions
Intelligence Fusion CellIntelligence Fusion Cell
ACHIEVEMENTS:ACHIEVEMENTS:
Joint Verification MissionsJoint Verification Missions
Intelligence Fusion CellIntelligence Fusion Cell
ISSUE: JVC DORMANTISSUE: JVC DORMANTISSUE: JVC DORMANTISSUE: JVC DORMANT
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
4 million+ deaths in 6 years4 million+ deaths in 6 years
380,000 assisted DRC refugees380,000 assisted DRC refugees
1.6 million IDPs: 1.6 million IDPs: almost ½ childrenalmost ½ children
1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1 “tsunami” every 7 months1 “tsunami” every 7 months
40,000/month flee their homes40,000/month flee their homes
4 million+ deaths in 6 years4 million+ deaths in 6 years
380,000 assisted DRC refugees380,000 assisted DRC refugees
1.6 million IDPs: 1.6 million IDPs: almost ½ childrenalmost ½ children
1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1,200 preventable deaths / day; 1 “tsunami” every 7 months1 “tsunami” every 7 months
40,000/month flee their homes40,000/month flee their homes
Humanitarian Challenge Humanitarian Challenge III. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Humanitarian Challenge Humanitarian Challenge III. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war
UN Response: ACTION PLAN 2006/7UN Response: ACTION PLAN 2006/7
71% of pop. food insecure, 71% of pop. food insecure, 8% access clean water8% access clean water
43% of children no access to43% of children no access to vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.
43% go to school (mostly boys) 43% go to school (mostly boys)
2.6 million+ HIV-infected; 2.6 million+ HIV-infected; +900,000 expected in 2006 +900,000 expected in 2006
168/177 in UNDP Human Development168/177 in UNDP Human Development IndexIndex
71% of pop. food insecure, 71% of pop. food insecure, 8% access clean water8% access clean water
43% of children no access to43% of children no access to vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.vaccinations; 1 in 5 die < 5 years.
43% go to school (mostly boys) 43% go to school (mostly boys)
2.6 million+ HIV-infected; 2.6 million+ HIV-infected; +900,000 expected in 2006 +900,000 expected in 2006
168/177 in UNDP Human Development168/177 in UNDP Human Development IndexIndex
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Humanitarian Challenge Humanitarian Challenge III. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war
MONUC’s action:MONUC’s action:Humanitarian Affairs SectionHumanitarian Affairs Section
Protection of civiliansProtection of civilians
Humanitarian accessHumanitarian access
Humanitarian personnel and cargoHumanitarian personnel and cargo
Facilitation of return and resettlementFacilitation of return and resettlement
Emergency medical transportationEmergency medical transportation
MONUC’s action:MONUC’s action:Humanitarian Affairs SectionHumanitarian Affairs Section
Protection of civiliansProtection of civilians
Humanitarian accessHumanitarian access
Humanitarian personnel and cargoHumanitarian personnel and cargo
Facilitation of return and resettlementFacilitation of return and resettlement
Emergency medical transportationEmergency medical transportation
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Refugees & IDPsRefugees & IDPsIII. Addressing the legacy of warIII. Addressing the legacy of war
[PMG note: graphics & maps not included, please email [email protected]]
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONSINTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS CONGOLESE REFUGEES IN AFRICACONGOLESE REFUGEES IN AFRICA
SEA: Impact
Defames UN and Member States Defames UN and Member States
Related Areas of Concern (Sexual Violence; HIV/AIDS; etc.) Related Areas of Concern
(Sexual Violence; HIV/AIDS; etc.)
Damages Individuals and Communities Damages Individuals and Communities
Jeopardizes Mission’s Credibility Jeopardizes Mission’s Credibility
IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Focal point for all conduct & discipline matters Focal point for all conduct & discipline matters relating to all categories of mission personnel:relating to all categories of mission personnel:
Conduct and Discipline TeamConduct and Discipline Team
Policy Development prevention/early detection, welfare, disciplinary measures, coordination
Training & Advocacy pre-deployment, induction/in mission personnel, sensitization of local communities.
Database Management System: record and track all allegations of misconduct by all categories of mission personnel
Policy Development prevention/early detection, welfare, disciplinary measures, coordination
Training & Advocacy pre-deployment, induction/in mission personnel, sensitization of local communities.
Database Management System: record and track all allegations of misconduct by all categories of mission personnel
IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
InvestigationsInvestigations June to December 2004
OIOS: 72 allegations; 7 substantiated (GA Document)
OHRM: 5 civilian allegations December 2004 to September 2005 SEA Team, OASEA: 131 allegations; 46 substantiated (High Level Investigation Team, Office for Addressing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse)
September 2005 to May 2006
IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform
OIOS: 174 allegations received, including 102 Category I SEA 12 Investigation reports received on SEA, 5 substantiated(Investigations of all Category I misconduct)
ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, PROCEDURESPROCEDURES
ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, ISSUE: OIOS LIMITED INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY, PROCEDURESPROCEDURES
December 2004 – May 2006 December 2004 – May 2006 Total actions: 181Total actions: 181 CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:
20 actions taken or initiated 20 actions taken or initiated
7 Pending disciplinary action 7 Pending disciplinary action 1 suspension with pay, 1 suspension with pay,
1 suspension without pay,1 suspension without pay,
3 charged, 3 charged,
2 under review2 under review
13 actions taken, cases closed13 actions taken, cases closed
7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)
3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)
2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)
1 Resignation1 Resignation
MILITARY PERSONNEL: MILITARY PERSONNEL:
41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds
POLICE PERSONNEL: POLICE PERSONNEL:
120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)
CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:CIVILIAN PERSONNEL:
20 actions taken or initiated 20 actions taken or initiated
7 Pending disciplinary action 7 Pending disciplinary action 1 suspension with pay, 1 suspension with pay,
1 suspension without pay,1 suspension without pay,
3 charged, 3 charged,
2 under review2 under review
13 actions taken, cases closed13 actions taken, cases closed
7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)7 summarily dismissed (4 civilians, 3 UNVs)
3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)3 Reprimand (not disciplinary): (UNVs)
2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)2 Non renewal of contract: (1 civilian, 1 UNV)
1 Resignation1 Resignation
MILITARY PERSONNEL: MILITARY PERSONNEL:
41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds41 repatriated on disciplinary grounds
POLICE PERSONNEL: POLICE PERSONNEL:
120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)120-member FPU withdrawn; (including 10 repatriations on disciplinary grounds)
IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform
Disciplinary Actions To Date
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
IV. Mission Support & ReformIV. Mission Support & Reform
Follow up mechanism with TCCs
OIOS investigative capacity and procedures
Welfare Policy
Pre-deployment training
Victim support
Follow up mechanism with TCCs
OIOS investigative capacity and procedures
Welfare Policy
Pre-deployment training
Victim support
ISSUES
SEASEA
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Future and RoleFuture and Role depend on depend on DRC Government andDRC Government and Security CouncilSecurity Council
Staying the course:Staying the course: Lessons learned from Haiti, Liberia Lessons learned from Haiti, Liberia and Sierra Leoneand Sierra LeoneFrom peacekeeping to From peacekeeping to peacebuildingpeacebuilding
Post Elections: juncturePost Elections: juncture
MONUC:MONUC:
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Post Elections: MONUCPost Elections: MONUC
Help establish new institutionsHelp establish new institutions
DDRRR / DDR / SSR (Army & Police)DDRRR / DDR / SSR (Army & Police)
Protection of civilians Protection of civilians
Regional relations / stabilityRegional relations / stability
Rule of law / Justice & ReconciliationRule of law / Justice & Reconciliation
Post transitional peace buildingPost transitional peace building
MESSAGE:MESSAGE: BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY NOWNOWMESSAGE:MESSAGE: BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY BUILD SUSTAINMENT STRATEGY NOWNOW
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
REQUIREMENTS:REQUIREMENTS:
Political Political INCLUSIVENESSINCLUSIVENESS
Better Better ECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
Administrative Administrative DECENTRALISATIONDECENTRALISATION
Cultural Cultural TOLERANCETOLERANCE
Political Political INCLUSIVENESSINCLUSIVENESS
Better Better ECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
Administrative Administrative DECENTRALISATIONDECENTRALISATION
Cultural Cultural TOLERANCETOLERANCE
Post Elections StabilityPost Elections Stability
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Avoid “winner-take-all” victorsAvoid “winner-take-all” victors
& “rejectionist” losers& “rejectionist” losers
Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)
Economic situation:Economic situation:
no IMF/IBRD budget support no IMF/IBRD budget support
$ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan $ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan
under-fundedunder-funded
Avoid “winner-take-all” victorsAvoid “winner-take-all” victors
& “rejectionist” losers& “rejectionist” losers
Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)Interregnum governance (Jul-Dec)
Economic situation:Economic situation:
no IMF/IBRD budget support no IMF/IBRD budget support
$ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan $ 699 M Humanitarian Action plan
under-fundedunder-funded
ISSUE: POST ELECTORALISSUE: POST ELECTORAL
Post Elections StabilityPost Elections Stability
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)Example: Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ)
Issue 1: Controversial decisions erode SCJ’s Issue 1: Controversial decisions erode SCJ’s credibility credibility Amnesty lawAmnesty law
Turncoat Parliamentarians lose seatsTurncoat Parliamentarians lose seats
Issue 2: SJC to adjudicate electoral disputes Issue 2: SJC to adjudicate electoral disputes
Proposed solution:Proposed solution: Appoint “Eminent Persons” Group as SCJ CounselorsAppoint “Eminent Persons” Group as SCJ Counselors
(e.g. Tutu, Richard Goldstone, Professeur Masclet, Albie Sachs)(e.g. Tutu, Richard Goldstone, Professeur Masclet, Albie Sachs)
Post Elections StabilityPost Elections Stability
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
IMF: staff-monitored program only
World Bank: no further budget support in 2006
Humanitarian action ($681 million): under-funded
IMF: staff-monitored program only
World Bank: no further budget support in 2006
Humanitarian action ($681 million): under-funded
Economic Economic Post-Electoral ConcernsPost-Electoral Concerns
[PMG note: graphics not included, please email [email protected]]
A Post Electoral “Expectations Gap”A Post Electoral “Expectations Gap”
Post Elections: “Hour-glass”Post Elections: “Hour-glass”
HIGHHIGH
LOWLOW
HIGHHIGH
LOWLOW
20002000 20062006
ELECTIONSELECTIONS
2007+2007+
Refugee and Refugee and IDP returnsIDP returns
DDRRRDDRRRIntegrated National Integrated National
Army and DDRArmy and DDR
Peacebuilding Blocks Peacebuilding Blocks
Essential Essential legislationlegislation
Integrated Integrated National Police National Police
ElectoralElectoralsecuritysecurity
Extension of Extension of State authorityState authority
Voter registrationVoter registrationConstitutionalConstitutionalReferendum Referendum
ISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAINISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAINISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAINISSUE: MOST TRANSITION TASKS REMAIN