will the world face an overpopulation problem ?
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Will the World Face an Overpopulation Problem ? . Basics of the Malthusian dilemma. People are doubling, but food is not!. Today: 1 person 1 Unit 25 yrs 2 persons 2 units 50 years 4 persons 3 units 75 years 8 persons 4 units. Food & Population, 1950-2000 Malthus vs. Actual Trends. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Will the World Face an Overpopulation Problem?
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Basics of the Malthusian dilemma Today: 1 person 1 Unit 25 yrs 2 persons 2 units 50 years 4 persons 3 units 75 years 8 persons 4 units
People are doubling, but food is not!
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Food & Population, 1950-2000Malthus vs. Actual Trends
Fig. 2-20: Malthus predicted population would grow faster than food production, but food production actually expanded faster than population in the 2nd half of the 20th century.
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Neo-Malthusians Maybe Malthus was right?
› Poor countries = more rapid pop growth; tech = people living longer
› Outstripping of resources = increase in wars and civil violence
Criticisms of Malthus› World supply of resources is not fixed –
possibilism› Technological advances offset scarcity› Larger pop stimulates economic growth
Marxists› The issue with resources isn’t population growth– it is
unfair distribution of resources and corrupt governing structures
Against the grain… The Myth of Overpopulatio
n?
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Fuel Wood Collection in Mali
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Crude Birth Rate Decline, 1980-2005
Fig. 2-21: Crude birth rates declined in most countries during the 1980s and 1990s (though the absolute number of births per year increased from about 120 to 130 million).
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- 2nd highest population in the world
shortages of food and water less healthy therefore less productive work force
greater demand for natural resource consumption
higher level of environmental degradation resulting from such
consumption.
- Pressing for sterilization over temporary contraceptives
India
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-Rapid population growth after creation of People’s Republic of China
- “Great Leap Forward”1958- ”Late, Long, and Few” 1960s
- One Child Policy 1979-present
- Female infanticide?
China “Of all the things in the world, people are the most precious.”- Mao Zedong, 1949
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Low levels of secondary education correlate to lack of knowledge/use of
birth control methods
A survey reported several respondents knowing of a contraceptive method
(76%), but only 28% were currently using one, and fewer than half (47%)
reported ever having used one
Many surveyed did not make the connection between
contraceptive use and higher
standards of living
[International Planning
Perspectives, 1999)
Nigeria
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TFR of 3-8 per family
The UN Population Fund has spent more than half a billion dollars on contraception in the Philippines in the past two decades. –Catholic church is so hostile that it is now planning to
pull out of more than half of the 21 provinces.
1/5of 15 to 24-year-old girls in the Philippines have had an abortion.
The Philippines
Baby Boom in
the Philippin
es
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Women Using Family Planning
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Use of Family Planning Demand is actually greater than supply in most LDCs
Bangladesh – 6% in 1950s – 58% using them in 2006
Especially low in Africa – 25% - econ, religion, education
High birth rates = low status of women – many children = status of women and virility of men
Fig. 2-22: Both the extent of family planning use and the methods used vary widely by country and culture.
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Family Planning Methods used in three countries
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http://www.edweek.org/rc/articles/2007/06/08/sow0608.h26.html