wi-09- particle size distribution

LABORATORY

QUALITY INSTRUCTION

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

(SIEVING METHOD)

INSTRUCTION

Prepared by Approved by

MAIMUNAH ZAINAL ABIDIN KAMARUDIN ZAKARIA

TECHNICAL MANAGER DIRECTOR

Date: 20.10.2015 Date: 20.10.2015

IKRAM SELATAN LABORATORYKUMPULAN IKRAM SDN BHD

LABORATORY WORK INSTRUCTION

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DETERMINATION OF PARTICLE SIZE

DISTRIBUTION SIEVING METHOD

EFFECTIVE DATE : 20.10. 2015

KISB/IS/ISL/LWI-09 PAGE NO : of 10

Table of Contents1. OBJECTIVE.....................................................................................................................................3

2. SCOPE............................................................................................................................................3

3. TERMINOLOGY & ABBREVIATION.................................................................................................3

4. RESPONSIBILITY.............................................................................................................................4

5. APPARATUS...................................................................................................................................4

6. SAMPLE PREPARATION.................................................................................................................4

7. TEST INSTRUCTION........................................................................................................................5

8. CALCULATION................................................................................................................................6

9. GENERAL.......................................................................................................................................6

10. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY.................................................................................................6

10.1. Model equation.....................................................................................................................6

10.2. The components....................................................................................................................7

10.3. Calculation for individual components..................................................................................7

10.4. Combined Standard Uncertainty, ucN .................................................................................8

10.5. Expand the combined standard uncertainty to 95%.............................................................9

11. ATTACHMENT............................................................................................................................9



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Responsibility Work Process

(*) Quality Record

(#) Reference Document

1. OBJECTIVEThis document specifies a method, using test sieves, for the determination of the particle size distribution of aggregates. It applies to aggregates of natural or artificial origin, includinglightweight aggregates, up to 90 mm nominal size , but excluding filler according to BS EN 933-1, :2012

2. SCOPEThe test consists of dividing up and separating, by means of a series of sieves, a material into several particle size classifications of decreasing sizes. The aperture sizes and the number of sieves are selected in accordance with the nature of the sample and the accuracy required.The method adopted is washing and dry sieving. When washing may alter the physical properties of a lightweight aggregate, dry sieving shall be used.

3. TERMINOLOGY & ABBREVIATION3.1. Abbreviation

3.1.1. Technical3.1.1.1. CDDL :Controlled Document Distribution

List3.1.1.2. ISL :Ikram Selatan Laboratory3.1.1.3. Position3.1.1.4. QM :Quality Manager3.1.1.5. TM :Technical Manager3.1.1.6. LE :Laboratory Executive3.1.1.7. LO :Laboratory Officer



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4. RESPONSIBILITY4.1. The TM is responsible for supervising and coordinating

the tests done by all laboratory personnel.4.2. The TM is responsible for supervising and coordinating

the tests done by all laboratory personnel.4.3. The LE is responsible for conducting soil tests in

accordance to the standard.4.4. The LO shall assist the LE in preparing the test items

for the test.

5. APPARATUS5.1. Test sieves, with apertures as specified in EN 933-2 a

and conforming to the requirements of ISO 33 10-1 and ISO 3310-2.

5.2. Balance (readable to 0.1 g)5.3. Oven (temperature set at 105 to 110°C)5.4. Metal tray5.5. Scoop5.6. Sieve brushes

6. SAMPLE PREPARATION6.1. sample preparation

6.1.1. Samples shall be reduced in accordance with BS EN 932-2 to produce the required number of test portions.

6.1.2. The mass of each test portion shall be as specified in table 1 for aggregates of density between 2,00 mg/m3 and 3,00 mg/m3.

6.1.3. Sample reduction shall yield a test portion of mass larger than the minimum but not of an exact predetermined value.

6.1.4. Dry the test portion by heating at a temperature of (110 f 5) °C to constant mass. Allow to cool, weigh and

6.1.5. record the mass as M1.6.1.6. For some types of aggregate, drying at 110 °C

binds particles together sufficiently strongly to prevent



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6.1.7. separation of single particles during subsequent washing and/or sieving procedures. For such aggregates

6.2. equipment preparation6.2.1. set the oven temperature between 100 to 115 ºC

and allow to stabilise.

7. TEST INSTRUCTION7.1. Nest the clean and dry sieves on a fitting receiver in

order of increasing aperture size from bottom to top. Place the dried residue on the top coarsest sieve and cover with a fitting lid.

7.2. Shake the sieves for a sufficient time to separate the test sample into the size fractions determined by the sieve apertures used.

7.3. When the mechanical sieve shaker is used, after sieving make sure the separation is completed briefly by hand sieving.



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7.4. Weigh the material retained on each sieve, together with any material cleaned from the mesh, on completion of sieving on that sieve.

7.5. Add the aggregate passing the sieve to the next sieve in the series before commencing the operation on that sieve.

8. CALCULATION8.1. Calculate the mass retained on each sieve as a

percentage of the original dry mass (m1 –m2) 8.2. to that found during the dry sieving.8.3. Calculate the mass passing each sieve as a cumulative

percentage of the total sample mass.

9. GENERAL9.1. All raw data and a visual description or general

classification of the soil based on what is seen, felt and smell are recorded in the Test Form KISB/IS/ISL/WI-02A.

9.2. The LE shall compile, check and enter the raw data into the computer for results and report writing

9.3. For details, please refer to BS 1377 : Part 2 : 1990 : clause 9.

10. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

10.1.

Mass of retainedoneach sieve=massof dry sieve retainedmassof original drymass

Replace r = mass of dry sieve retained s = mass of original dry mass10.2. mass of retained oneachsieve= r

s



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10.3. Model equation for 10.3.1. mass of retained oneachsieve=

rs

+∆ Reference for r

∆ Reference for s10.3.2. Ishikawa Chart

10.4. Reference for r10.4.1. Sieve equipment S1

10.4.1.1. u1 = S1 / k1 10.4.1.2. u1 is type B standard uncertainty10.4.1.3. S1 is the expanded uncertainty of the sieve

equipment obtain from the 10.4.1.4. calibration Certificate10.4.1.5. k1 is the coverage factor obtain from the

calibration certificate

10.4.2. Δ Parallax, S2 10.4.2.1. u2 = S2 / (2 x √3)10.4.2.2. u2 is type B standard uncertainty

Δ MΔ Balance

Δ Geometry

Δ Parallax

Δ Zero SettingΔ Sieve equipment



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10.4.2.3. S2 is the deviation of reading due to analogue scale reading of compression machine.

10.4.2.4. √3 is assuming rectangular distribution10.4.2.5. 2 is the semi range

10.4.3. Geometry, S3 10.4.3.1. u3 = S3 / (2 x √3)10.4.3.2. u3 is type B standard uncertainty10.4.3.3. S3 is the deviation of reading due to relative

position of the block during measurement. 10.4.3.4. √3 is assuming rectangular distribution10.4.3.5. 2 is the semi range

10.4.4. Balance, S4 10.4.4.1. u4 = S4 / k4 10.4.4.2. u4 is type B standard uncertainty10.4.4.3. S4 is the expanded uncertainty of the balance

obtain from the calibration 10.4.4.4. certificate10.4.4.5. k4 is the coverage factor obtain from the


10.5. Reference for s10.5.1. Balance, S1

10.5.1.1. u1 = S1 / k1 10.5.1.2. u1 is type B standard uncertainty10.5.1.3. S1 is the expanded uncertainty of the balance

obtain from the calibration certificate10.5.1.4. k1 is the coverage factor obtain from the


10.6. Use combined standard uncertainty for r, to combine all standard uncertainty contribute to Mass retained at each sieve calculation as follow.



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10.6.1. ucr = √Σ[(δr/δx)2 x un2 ] 10.6.1.1. δr/δSieve equipment = 110.6.1.2. δr/δParallax = 110.6.1.3. δr/δGeometry = 110.6.1.4. δr/δBalance = 1

10.6.2. ucr = √( u12 + u22 + u32 + u42)

10.6.3. Use combined standard uncertainty for s, to combine all standard uncertainty contribute to Mass retained at each sieve calculation as follow.

10.6.3.1. ucs = √Σ[(δr/δx)2 x un2 ] 10.6.3.2. δs/δBalance = 110.6.3.3. ucs = √( u12)

10.7. Combined Standard Uncertainty for mass retained at each sieve, to combine all standard

uncertainties contribute to mass of retained oneachsieve=rs

10.7.1. uc = √{[(δw/δr)2 x ucr2 ] + [(δw/δs )2 x ucs2 ]}

10.7.1.1. δw/δr = (1 ÷ s) 10.7.1.2. δw/δs = (-r ÷ s2 )

10.7.2. uc = √{[(1 ÷ s )2 x ucr2 ] + [(-r ÷ s2)2 x ucs2 ]}

10.8. Expand the combined standard uncertainty to 95%10.8.1. U = uc x k 10.8.2. U is the expanded uncertainty10.8.3. k = 2 refer to ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in

Measurement, 1995, clause 6.3.3

11. ATTACHMENT



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wi-09- particle size distribution

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