why nutrition we need energy… can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) we are...

NUTRITION believe it or not, you are what you eat…

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Page 1: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

NUTRITIONbelieve it or not, you are what you eat…

Why Nutrition

We need energy…

Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers)

We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy.

Types of Nutrition

There are six types of nutrients:WaterCarbohydratesProteinsFatsVitaminsMinerals

Page 4: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Types of Nutrition

Water makes up 60% to 65% of your body. • involved in nearly every cell and body process• need 2 liters (8 cups) a day to replace fluid lost

Page 5: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Types of Nutrition

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.simple and complex carbohydrates supply

glucose○ simple sugars = instant energy○ complex carbs = long lasting energy, takes longer to get

broken down

Page 6: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Glucose simple sugar

ENZYME Starch

complex carbohydrate

Page 7: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Glucose Starch

Page 8: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Glucose Starch

Page 9: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Glucose Starch

Page 10: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Glucose Starch

Page 11: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Glucose Starch

Page 12: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Types of Nutrition

Fiber from plant foods helps elimination.These parts are not digestedThey scrape away and clean all the “gunk”

from the intestines○ Lots of “gunk” hides in the creases of the villi

Page 13: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Types of Nutrition

Proteins are necessary for growth and repair of the body’s cells.body makes 12 out of 20 amino acidsother eight essential amino acids come from food

Page 14: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

What About VegetariansGrains (like corn) have 6 amino acids○ missing 2

Beans (like soybean & red beans) have 6 amino acids○ missing different 2

Mix beans & grainsfor complete group of amino acids

rice & beanstaco/tortilla & beanstofu & ricepeanut butter & bread

Page 15: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Types of Nutrition

Fats provide energy and key building components.fats are saturated and unsaturated essential fatty acids come from food

Page 16: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Types of Nutrition

Vitamins are organic molecules that work with enzymes.vitamins are fat-soluble and water-solubleregulate cell functions, growth, development replenished by eating variety of foods

Watch out for TAPEWORMS!

Page 17: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Missing Vitamins What happens if an animal’s diet is missing an

essential vitamin?○ scurvy — vitamin C (collagen production)○ rickets — vitamin D (calcium absorption)

Page 18: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Types of Nutrition

Minerals are inorganic materials that come from plants. They help metabolic reactions in the human body.

Page 19: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Missing Minerals What happens if an animal’s diet is missing an

essential mineral?○ anemia – missing iron (influences RBCs)○ goiter – missing iodine (influences thyroid)

Minerals are absorbed from

the soil by plants!

Page 20: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Nutritional Needs

During puberty, you require more nutrients and calories.

Different caloric amounts for different bodies!

Page 21: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Nutritional Needs

A balanced diet of whole foods provides the best nutrients and calories.

Food and physical activity also need to be balanced.

Page 22: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Science of Nutrition Adaptations caused by nutritional needs:

Herbivore vs. Carnivore○ teeth○ length of digestive system○ number & size of stomachs

Page 23: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Science of NutritionCarnivore

sharp ripping teeth“canines”

Herbivorewide grinding teethmolars

Omnivoreboth kinds of teeth

Page 24: Why Nutrition We need energy… Can we get it from the sun like plants? (producers) We are consumers, so we have to CONSUME food for energy

Science of Nutrition Herbivores & Omnivores

long digestive systems

harder to digest cellulose (cell walls)○ bacteria in intestines help

Carnivoresshort digestive systemsprotein easier to

digest than cellulose

appendix

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