why grounding is used-8th vis rc
TRANSCRIPT
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BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Why GROUNDING!!!Is Used?
Jaime V. Mendoza, PEE, MTMJaime V. Mendoza, PEE, MTM
Board MemberBoard Member
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference 2007Cebu International Convention Center
Mandaue City, Sept. 28-29, 2007
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
TERMINOLGY
In Britain people have “earth” and in North America they have “ground”.
They are exactly the same thing, only different terms are used in different countries.
For example: Earth Leakage Circuit Interrupter and Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Why Grounding is Used?
To limit voltage imposed by
1. Lightning
2. Line surges
3. Unintentional contact with higher voltage lines
Stabilize the voltage to ground during normal operations.
Facilitate overcurrent device operation in case of ground fault on a solidly grounded system.
PEC- 2000 Section 2.50.1.2(a)
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
To limit the voltages imposed by lightning or line surge
PEC-2.50.1.2(a)
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
To limit the voltages imposed by lightning or line surge
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Facilitate overcurrent device operation in case of ground fault
Metal parts of premises wiring are bonded to an effectiveground-fault current path that has sufficiently low impedanceto quickly clear line-to-case faults by opening the circuit protection device.
240V240V
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Earth is Not an Effective Ground-Fault Current Path
I = E/R, E = 240V, R = 25 , I = 240/25 = 9.6 AInsufficient current to trip overcurrent protection device
240
9.6
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
GFCI – A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to deenergize a circuit or portion thereof within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds the values established for a device.
The GCFI does not protect someone against receiving an electrical shock, but it does limit the time hazards exists. Hazard exist only during period of time fault is there.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GCFI CAN ELIMINATE THIS!
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
A GFCI is designed to protect persons against electric shock.It operates on the principles of monitoring the unbalanced currentBetween the ungrounded and the grounded neutral conductor.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel1. Dwelling Bathroom Receptacle
and /or 250 V
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel2. Dwelling Garage Receptacle
[Sec. 2.10.1.8(a)(2)Ex 1]
All 15/20A, 125/250V receptacles installed in a
dwelling unit garage must have GFCI protection.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel2. Dwelling Garage Receptacle
All 15 and 20 A, 125/250 V receptacles in accessory
buildings and similar work areas must be GFCI protected.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel3. Dwelling Outdoor Receptacle
Section 2.10.1.8(3)
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel4. Dwelling Basement Receptacle
All 15/20A, 125/250V receptacles in unfinishedareas of basements must be GFCI protected.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel5. Dwelling Unfinished Basement
All 15/20A, 125/250V receptacles in unfinishedAreas of basements must be GCFI protected.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel6. Kitchens for Countertop Appliances
All 15/20A, 125/250V, receptacles thatserve dwelling unit kitchen countertopsurfaces must be GFCI protected.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel6. Dwelling Laundry or Utility Sink
All 15/20A, 250V receptacles located within 6 ft or 1.8 m of a laundry or utility sink must be GFCI protected.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
GFCI Protection for Personnel7. Dwelling Wet Bar Sinks
GFCI protection required
if within 1.8 m of sink
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
PEC 2000- Section 2.10.1.8 (a)
a) Dwelling Units 1. Bathrooms
2. Garages 3. Outdoors 4. Crawl spaces at or below grade
level 5. Unfinished
basements 6. Kitchens for
countertop appliances 7. Wet bar sinks
GFCI Protection for Personnel
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Electric Shock Severity
1. Path of Current through Body
2. Length of Time Current Flows
3. Amount of Current through Body
Electric Shock
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Effects of AC Electric Shock
RMS Current Effects
1- 5 mA Threshold of sensation
10-20 mA Involuntary muscle contractions
20-100 mA Pain, breathing difficulties
100 - 300 mA Ventricular fibrillation, possible death
> 300 mA Respiratory paralysis, burns, unconsciousness
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Identification of Equipment Grounding Conductors
PEC 2.50.6.10
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
But, for a grounding conductor larger than No. 6 AWG or 14 mm2, an insulated conductor of other than green color or green with yellow stripes may be used provided one of the following steps is taken: PEC-2.50.6.10(a)
1. Stripping the insulation from an insulated conductor of another color (say black) for the entire length that is exposed on the box or other enclosure so that the conductor appear as a bare conductor.
2. Painting the exposed insulation green for its entire length within the enclosure.
3. Wrapping the entire length of exposed insulation with green-colored tape or green-colored
adhesive labels.
Identification of Equipment Grounding Conductors
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing Equipment Grounding Conductors (Sec. 2.50.6.13)
The regulations for calculating the size of equipment grounding conductor are:1. Table 2.50.6.13 shall be used to size the equipment
conductor. ( Based on the rating of the protective device ahead of the equipment.)
2. When ungrounded conductors are increased in size and an equipment grounding is installed with them, the equipment grounding conductor is required to be proportionately increased in size according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing Equipment Grounding Conductors
The regulations for calculating the size of equipment grounding conductor are:3. Where more than one circuit is installed in a
single raceway or cable, one equipment grounding conductor can be installed in the raceway or cable; it will be sized for the largest overcurrent device protecting conductors in the raceway or cable.
4. An equipment grounding conductor not smaller than 18 AWG copper(0.75 mm2) is permitted for flexible cords when the flexible cord is protected at or over 20 amperes.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing Equipment Grounding Conductors
The regulations for calculating the size of equipment grounding conductor are:5. The equipment grounding conductor is never
required to be larger than the circuit conductors.
6. Where the overcurrent protection is an instantaneous circuit breaker or a motor protector, the equipment grounding conductor is sized according to the size of the motor overload protective device.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing Equipment Grounding Conductors
The regulations for calculating the size of equipment grounding conductor are:7. When conductors are run in parallel in more
than one raceway or cable , as permitted in Sec. 3.10.1.4, the equipment grounding conductor is run in parallel. Each of the paralleled equipment grounding conductors is sized according to the ampere rating of the overcurrent device protecting the conductors in the raceway or cable.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Section 2.50.6.9
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
European Coloring
Ground wire – green wire with yellow stripe color
Neutral wire – blue color
Live wire – brown
black and black with white strip (for 3-
phase)
European Coding of Grounded Conductor
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
In the US, Black is the hot wire, white is the neutral or common wire and green is the equipment grounding.
US Coding of Grounded Conductor
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
The basic rule in PEC- 2.1.1.6(a) requires the grounded conductor Sizes 14 mm2 or smaller to be identified by:
1. A white color
2. A gray color
3. Three continuous white stripes, on other than green insulation, extending
along the entire length of the conductor
Prior to the PEC-2000 Code, the gray color was permitted to be used as a hot conductor.
Means of Identifying Grounded Conductor
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
This means that you can use either white or gray to identifythe grounded neutral conductor of a single wiring system
Means of Identifying Grounded Conductor
PEC 2.1.1.6(a)
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Means of Identifying Grounded Conductor
PEC 2.1.1.6(a)
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Insulated grounded conductor larger than 6 AWG or 14 mm2 to be identified by the one of the following methods: PEC 2.1.1.6(b)
1. By a white or gray outer finish
2. By three continuous white stripes, on other than green insulation, running along the entire length of conductor
3. By a distinctive white marking ,encircling the conductor, placed there at the
time of installation, and the identifying the grounded conductor at each
termination (The identification may be by tagging, marking, painting or other effective means)
Means of Identifying Grounded Conductor
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Means of Identifying Grounded Conductor
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Identifying Grounded Neutral Conductors of Different Systems
PEC 2.1.1.6(d)
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Identifying Grounded Neutral Conductors of Different Systems
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Identifying Grounded Neutral Conductors of Different Systems
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Means of Identifying Grounded Conductor
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
When sizing electrical conductors, the ampacity of the main consideration. This is not the case when sizing electrode conductor, it is sized according to cross-sectional area of the service-entrance conductor.
The size of the grounding electrode conductor is taken directly from Table 2.50.3.1.17 of PEC, when the size of the service entrance conductors is not larger than 1100 kcmil cu. Or 1750 kcmil aluminum.
Sizing the AC Grounding Electrode Conductors
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
When the service entrance conductors are larger than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum, the grounded conductor shall be 12 ½ % of the largest phase conductor.
Sizing the AC Grounding Electrode Conductors
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing the AC Grounding Electrode Conductors
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing the AC Grounding Electrode Conductors
What are the sizes of the grounding electrode conductors of the following if the service entrance conductors used are:
1. 500 kcmil copper
2. 500 kcmil aluminum
3. 1/0 copper
4. 2 copper
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Installation of Grounding Rods
Basic Requirements for a rod or pipe electrode are: Section 2.50.3
1. Minimum length of 2.5 m or 8 ft
2. When metal pipe or conduit is used for electrode, it is required to be not smaller than trade size ¾ conduit.
3. Iron or steel pipe electrodes are required to have a galvanized surface or other corrosive resistant material.
4. Rod electrode may be iron, steel, or stainless steel and are required to have a minimum diameter of 5/8 inch (16mm) diameter.
5. Nonferrous rods, or their equivalent are required to have a minimum diameter of ½ inch (13 mm).
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Installation of Grounding Rod
Section 2.50.13.15(G)*
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Main Bonding Jumper
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Main Bonding Jumper
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Bonded
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing the Main Bonding Jumper (Sec. 2.50.2.9(d))
Three methods for sizing the main bonding jumper are given in Table 2.50.3.17.
When sizing the main bonding jumper, the size and material of service entrance conductors and material used for the main bonding conductor are taken into consideration.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing the Main Bonding Jumper
Three methods for sizing the main bonding jumper are:1. Basic Rule: Use Table 2.50.3.17, the
grounding electrode conductor table, is also used for the main bonding jumper.
2. 12 ½ Percent Rule for Large Conductors. When the total circular area of any service entrance phase conductor exceeds the maximum circular-mil area listed in Table 2.50.3.17, the main bonding jumper shall not be smaller than 12 ½ % of the service phase conductors.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing the Main Bonding Jumper
Three methods for sizing the main bonding jumper are:
3. Rule for Using Different Materials. This rule applies when the main bonding jumper is a different material than the service-entrance conductors. One could be aluminum and the other copper for example. In this case, the minimum size of the main bonding jumper is based on assuming that the service entrance conductors are of the same material as the main bonding jumper and that ampacity is equivalent to the installed phase conductors.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Sizing the Main Bonding Jumper (Sec. 2.50.5.13(c))
325 mm2 conductors
2.50.5.13, Table 2.50.3.1750 mm2 EquipmentBonding Jumper
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
What is Effective Grounding?
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Effective Grounding
A violation of PEC Art. 2.50.3.11 which prohibits using the same grounding electrode for a lightning rod system and a system supply.
VIOLATION!!!
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Effective Grounding
PEC Art. 250.5.17 Lightning Protection System. The bonding of a system grounding electrode and a lightning rod grounding electrode.
BONDING
REQUIRED!!!
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Effective Grounding
When different grounding electrodes are used for abuilding and are not bonded together, a voltage hazard will exist!!!
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Older designs, have independent grounding systems.
The more recent trend is to bond all the ground systems.
Effective Grounding
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
How surges enter facilities
Effective Grounding
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Understanding the Lightning DischargeCloud electrification –
charge particle separation, quasi static
E Field est. between cloud & ground
Downleader approaches, E Field increases to point of
initiation of upward streamers
Upward leader propagates toward
downleader to complete ionised path between
cloud & ground
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Effective Grounding
Section 2.50.5.17
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Effective Grounding
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Effective Grounding
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Why Ground Noncurrent-Carrying Conductive Materials Enclosing Electrical Equipment?
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Why Ground Noncurrent-Carrying Conductive Materials Enclosing Electrical Equipment?
EQUIPMENT GROUNDING
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Potential Difference
Potential difference between a grounded
water pipe and an ungrounded motor.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Potential Difference
Motor ground-fault. A hazard now exists.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Potential Difference
The hazard results in an electric shock.
There is a Voltage!
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Potential Difference
Another shock hazard exists.
There is a Voltage!!
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Potential Difference
Shock hazard eliminated by installing
a bonding jumper.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Neutral Conductor (PEC2.50.2.17(b))
The neutral conductor from the neutral point of the transformer or the generator to its connection point to the grounding impedance shall be fully insulated.
The neutral conductor shall have an ampacity of not less than the maximum current rating of the grounding impedance. In no case shall the neutral conductor be smaller than 8.0 mm2 copper or 14 mm2 aluminum or copper-clad aluminum.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Neutral Conductor (PEC 2.50.2.17(b))
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Grounded Conductor
Not a “neutral” because it is not a 3 0r 4 wire system.
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Grounded Conductor
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.
Grounding and bonding at the service equipment
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Why Grounding is Used? BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
8th Visayas IIEE Region VII Conference – Sept. 28, 2007
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.