why do we fall ill?
DESCRIPTION
Class 9th, 14th chapter from NCERTTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Why do we fall ill ?
![Page 2: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Grandmother Dress well Reputation
Insanitation Uncomfirtable
Grandmother
Dress well
Reputation InsanitationPolluted area Uncomfortable
![Page 3: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• ‘Health’ is therefore a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially.
![Page 4: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Disease – Any disturbance in the structure and /or function of any organ or part of body.
![Page 5: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TYPES OF DISEASES • Acute disease – Some diseases last for
only very short periods of time, and these are called acute diseases. E.g. common cold
![Page 6: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Other ailments can last for a long time, even as much as a lifetime, and are called chronic diseases. E.g. elephantiasis, tuberculosis
![Page 7: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Comparison of damages to health by acute & chronic diseases
• Common cold • Tuberculosis
![Page 8: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Get better & become well within a week or so
- short of breath - lose weight - feel tired all the time
![Page 9: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Prolonged general poor health if we have a chronic disease
![Page 10: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types of diseases
• Infectious disease – Communicated from diseased person to healthy person. Caused by some biological agents / pathogens like – Viruses, bacteria, protozoan, nematodes, fungi
• Non-infectious disease – Restricted only to those persons who are suffering. Diseases that are not caused by infectious agents.
![Page 11: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Infectious agents• Means of spread• Organ specific & tissue specific
manifestation• Principles of prevention
![Page 12: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Infectious agents - Organisms that can cause disease are found in a wide range of such categories of classification.
![Page 13: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Infectious agent Disease
Virus Common cold, influenza, dengue fever, AIDS
Bacteria Typhoid fever, cholera, tuberculosis, anthrax
Fungi Many common infectious disease
Protozoan Malaria, kala azar
Worms worm infections, elephantiasis
![Page 14: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why is it important that we think of these
categories of infectious agents?
![Page 15: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
As an example, let us take antibiotics.
They commonly block biochemical pathways important for bacteria. Many bacteria, For example, make a cell-wall to protect themselves. The antibiotic penicillin blocks the bacterial processes that build the cell wall. As a result, the growing bacteria become unable to make cell-walls, and die easily.
![Page 16: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Means of spread of infectious disease
1. Air born diseases Common cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis
2. Water born diseases
Cholera, amoeboisis
3. Sexually transmitted diseases
Syphilis, AIDS
4. Through vectors Anopheles mosquitoes – vector of malaria
![Page 17: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Organ specific & tissue specific Manifestations
After entry of microbes in our body where do they go?
![Page 18: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Answer depends on Point of entry :
• e.g. tuberculosis - caused by bacteria - entry point through Nose to lungs
![Page 19: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• e.g. jaundice – caused by viruses – through mouth to liver
![Page 20: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
To reduce the effects of the disease :- This can be done by taking medicines to bring down the effects of the disease like fever, pain or loose motions etc. and by taking bed rest to conserve our energy.
To kill the microbes This can be done by taking suitable antibiotics and drugs which kills the microbes and the disease is cured.
Principles of treatment
![Page 21: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
He who has health, has hope; and he who has hope, has
everything.
![Page 22: Why do we fall ill?](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061102/53fb63818d7f729c2e8b5785/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Project By:
Anjali Ahuja