why cars and cities dont match
DESCRIPTION
Cities are growing and so does its infrastructure. Many cities are questioning its car oriented planning and going for walkability. Author and lecturer Alexander Ståhle explains why in this presentation. Alexander Ståhle is also CEO at Spacescape and PhD in Urban Design.TRANSCRIPT
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SPACESCAPE
WHY CARS AND CITIES DON’T MATCH
Alexander Ståhle, CEO & PhD
ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGN SPACESCAPE
www.spacescape.se
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SPACESCAPE
Why cities?
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SPACESCAPE
Vad gör en attraktiv plats?
Fungerar planen som det var tänkt?
Vad skapar närhet och flöden?
SOFO
Cities create proximity
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SPACESCAPE
Proximity creates interaction
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SPACESCAPE
Interaction creates livability
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SPACESCAPE
Livalibility creates value
Stockholm appartment prices 2011
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SPACESCAPE
Value is 90% walkability in Stockholm
Appartment prices in Stockholm region Urban qualities
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SPACESCAPE
“Walkability command a premium of $4-34,000” CEO for Cities (2009)
”Walkable urban” ”Drivable suburban”
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SPACESCAPE
SHOPS
DENSITY DENSITY
SHOPS
STOCKHOLM GÖTEBORG ÖREBRO
RESTAURANTS
DENSITY
Density increases walkability
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SPACESCAPE
Density decreases car use
Density
Trav
el
Dunphy RT and Fisher K (1996)
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SPACESCAPE
“An advanced city is where even the rich
use public transportation” Enrique Peñalosa, ITDP
Density allows for public transport
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SPACESCAPE
Car accessiblity do not affect
appartment prices or office rents in Stockholm
Public transport accessibility
Off
ice
valu
e
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SPACESCAPE
Failing office areas
Infra City, Upplands Väsby
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SPACESCAPE Inside Infra City, Upplands Väsby
Inside failing office areas
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SPACESCAPE
Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
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SPACESCAPE
Photoshop Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
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SPACESCAPE
Why cars and cities don’t match…
1. People in cars do not interact
2. Car traffic segregates people
3. Cars destroys urban livability
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SPACESCAPE
People in cars are less social
New study on “road rage” (Gatersleben, Murtagh, White 2013):
•Car use has negative effects on urban communities by affecting social perceptions.
•More car use through a relatively poor area is associated with less positive views of that area.
•More walking through a relatively poor area is related to more positive views of the area.
•Attitudes towards young people are more negative when they are seen from a car.
•Attitudes towards young people are most positive when seen from a pedestrian perspective.
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SPACESCAPE
Problem 1: Sprawl means more people in cars
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SPACESCAPE
Problem 2: Car traffic decreases social interaction
Livable streets, Donald Appleyard (1981)
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SPACESCAPE
Problem 3: Space with cars destroys urban life
Allmänna vägen, Göteborg 1910
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SPACESCAPE
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SPACESCAPE
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SPACESCAPE
Ciclovia Bogota
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SPACESCAPE
CicLAvia, Los Angeles
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SPACESCAPE
Champs Elysées, Paris
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SPACESCAPE
Regent street, London
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SPACESCAPE
Summer Streets, , New York
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SPACESCAPE
Rightsizing streets and ”road diets”
BEFORE AFTER
AFTER BEFORE
Broadway, New York
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SPACESCAPE
Rightsizing streets and ”road diets”
East Boulevard, Charlotte
Bridgeport Way, University place
BEFORE AFTER
AFTER BEFORE
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SPACESCAPE
New street design guidelines for rightsizing
New York Chicago
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SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal
Park East Freeway, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal
Park East Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal
Octavia Boulevard, San Fransisco
Cheonggye Expressway , Seoul,
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SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal
Big dig, Boston
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SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal
Söderleden, Stockholm
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SPACESCAPE Nynäsvägen, Stockholm
Urban highway removal
Globen
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SPACESCAPE
Söderstaden, Stockholm
Urban highway removal
Globen
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SPACESCAPE
Highways and urban design don´t mix
Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg
Rinkeby
Ursvik
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SPACESCAPE Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg
Highways and urban design don´t mix
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SPACESCAPE
Rinkeby
Ursvik
Space syntax shows pedestrian proximity
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SPACESCAPE
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SPACESCAPE
Car highway city
People network city
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SPACESCAPE
“If you can make it there…”
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SPACESCAPE
ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGN SPACESCAPE
Alexander Ståhle CEO & PhD
[email protected] www.spacescape.se