whitehead broom management awcsc 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 remedy 32 oz banvel 64 oz...

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9/16/2020 1 Biology and Management of Shrubby False Buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata) Brent Sellers and Lauren Butler Whitehead broom identification Biology Background Experiments Future directions Outline Whitehead broom/shrubby false buttonweed/larra flower Spermacoce verticillata Borreria verticillata (synonym) Stems: Square 1 st year Rounded 2 nd year Leaves: Opposite to whorled Pointed at both ends Linear to lanceolate Inflorescence: Glomerules in terminal or lateral positions Stem continues to grow through center of inflorescence Identification

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Page 1: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

1

Biology and Management of Shrubby False Buttonweed(Spermacoce verticillata)

Brent Sellers and Lauren Butler

• Whitehead broom identification

• Biology

• Background

• Experiments

• Future directions

Outline

• Whitehead broom/shrubby false buttonweed/larra flower• Spermacoce verticillata• Borreria verticillata (synonym)

• Stems:• Square 1st year• Rounded 2nd year

• Leaves: • Opposite to whorled• Pointed at both ends• Linear to lanceolate

• Inflorescence:• Glomerules in terminal or lateral 

positions• Stem continues to grow through 

center of inflorescence

Identification

Page 2: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

2

• Fine‐stemmed and scrambling; 2.5 to 3 ft in height• Branching forked or in 3s• May root at the nodes

• Native to Central and South America as well as Africa; naturalized in FL

• Moist acid and alkaline soils

• Roadsides, construction sites, pastures, row crops

• Flowers nearly year round in PR and FL• 49% germination of seed at harvest

Biology, Range, Ecology

• 8 other species• S. densiflora a,nn

• S. glabra p,n

• S. keyensis a,n

• S. latifolia p,nn

• S. neoterminalis p,n*

• S. prostrata a/p,n

• S. remota a/p,n

• S. tetraquetra a,n

Similar Species

S. verticillata vs. S. neoterminalis

S. verticillata S. neoterminalis

Page 3: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

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• Likely introduced in the late 1940s/early 1950s

• Mole cricket biocontrol program• Larra bicolor

• Nectar sources• Partridge pea (Chameacrista fasciculata; native)

• White head broom

History

Other Nectar Sources

Scorpionstail

• Intentional plantings of white head broom throughout the state

• Calls about control increased dramatically in 2010

• Added to the FLEPPC Category II plant list in 2015

History

Page 4: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

4

White Head Broom

0 20 40 60 80 100

ACP 0.5 oz

ACP 1.0  oz

ACP 2.0 oz

ACP 1.0 oz+ CSM 0.4 oz

ACP 2.0 oz+ CSM 0.8 oz

ACP 1.0 oz+ 2,4‐D 8.0 oz

ACP 2.0 oz+ 2,4‐D 15.2 oz

ACP 1.0 oz+ TRI 2.0 oz

ACP 2.0 oz+ TRI 4.0 oz

ACP 0.7 oz+ MSM 0.1 oz

ACP 1.1 oz+ MSM 0.17 oz

ACP 2.4 oz+ MSM 0.37 oz

Control (%)

30 DAT

White Head Broom Trials: 2011

0 20 40 60 80 100

Remedy 32 oz

Pasturegard 32 oz

GrazonNext HL 32 oz

Cimarron Plus 1.25 oz

Cimarron Max Rate III

WeedMaster 32 oz

30 DAT

White Head Broom Trials: 2011

Non‐ionic surfactant @ 0.25% v/v

Page 5: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Remedy 32 oz

Banvel 64 oz

WeedMaster 64 oz

Pasturegard HL 64 oz

Velpar 64 oz

Telar 1.33 oz

365 DAT 30 DAT

White Head Broom Trials: 2013

MSO @ 1% v/v

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Velpar 32 oz

Velpar 64 oz

Pasturegard HL 32 oz+ WeedMaster 32 oz

Pasturegard HL 32 oz+ WeedMaster 64 oz

Sharpen 1 oz

180 DAT 30 DAT

White Head Broom Trials: 2019

MSO @ 1% v/v

Pasturegard 32 oz + WeedMaster 32 oz; 30 DAT

Sharpen 1 oz; 30 DATVelpar 32 oz; 30 DAT

Page 6: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

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Pasturegard 32 oz + WeedMaster 64 oz; 30 DAT

Sharpen 1 oz; 30 DAT Velpar 64 oz; 30 DATVelpar 32 oz; 30 DAT

Velpar; 180 DAT

32 oz/A 64 oz/A

Pasturegard 32 oz + WeedMaster 32 oz

Page 7: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

7

Pasturegard 32 oz + WeedMaster 64 oz

Sharpen 1 oz

• Additional herbicide testing• Metsulfuron – higher application rates 

• Flumioxazin

• Flurpyrauxifen‐benzyl

• Is mowing/burning prior to treatment beneficial?

• How does growth stage affect herbicide activity?

• Basic biological parameters

Research Continues…..

Page 8: whitehead broom management AWCSC 2020...0 102030 405060708090100 Remedy 32 oz Banvel 64 oz WeedMaster 64 oz Pasturegard HL 64 oz Velpar 64 oz Telar 1.33 oz 365 DAT 30 DAT White Head

9/16/2020

8

• Plant identification and Larra wasp pictures:• USF Plant Atlas• UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department

• UF Herbarium

• Cooperators:• David Shirley, Venus• McQueen Ranch, Punta Gorda

• Barry and Val Lewis, Okeechobee

Credits