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WHITE BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL COUNT

Definition: Determines the percentage of the five kinds of white blood cells in the white

blood cell count.

Normal value

NAME NORMAL

VALUE

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Neutrophil 55%-70% Increased due to bacterial infection or inflammatory

response. Decreased neutrophil levels may be the

result of severe infection or other conditions, such as

responses to various medications, particularly

chemotherapy.

Eosiphil 1%-4% Can increase in response to allergic disorders,

inflammation of the skin, and parasitic infections. They

can also increase in response to some infections or tovarious bone marrow disorders. Decreased levels of

eosinophils can occur as a result of infection.

Basophil 0.5%-1.0%

Can increase in cases of leukemia, chronic

inflammation, the presence of a hypersensitivity

reaction to food, or radiation therapy.

Lymphocyte 20%-40% can increase in cases of viral infection, leukemia,cancer of the bone marrow, or radiation therapy.

Decreased lymphocyte levels can indicate diseases that

affect the immune system, such as lupus, and the later

stages ofHIV infection.

monocytes 2%-8%

can increase in response to infection of all kinds as

well as to inflammatory disorders. Monocyte counts

are also increased in certain malignant disorders,

including leukemia. Decreased monocyte levels can

indicate bone marrow injury or failure and some formsof leukemia.

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Purpose: The white blood cell differential assesses the ability of the body to respond to

and eliminate infection. It also detects the severity of allergic and drug reactions plus the

response to parasitic and other types of infection. It is essential in evaluating the reaction

to viral infections and response to chemotherapy. It can also identify various stages of

leukemia. The white blood cell differential count determines the number of each type of

white blood cell, present in the blood.

Indication: A WBC differential count is normally ordered as part of the complete blood

count.

Contraindication: None

Procedure

Preprocedure: Explain to client about the procedure. Wash hands. This test requires a 3.5mL sample of blood. Vein puncture with a needle is usually performed by a nurse or

phlebotomist, a person trained to draw blood.

During: choose vascular puncture site (e. g. the side of an adults finger) .Wrap the finger

with warm cloth for 30 mins.,or hold in dependent position and massage the site. These

will increase the blood flow to the area. Clean site with antiseptic .Inject the syringe and

withdraw the necessary amount of blood.

After: Support puncure site with cotton swab. Discomfort or bruising may occur at the

puncture site. Pressure to the puncture site until the bleeding stops reduces bruising; warm

packs relieve discomfort. Some people feel dizzy or faint after blood has been drawn and

should be allowed to lie down and relax until they are stable.

Complication: Other than potential bruising at the puncture site, and/or dizziness, there

are no complications associated with this test.

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