Whirlpools & waterspoutsWhirlpools & waterspouts

by by

Callie Callie

PedersPeders

andand

CodyCody

Kreczko Kreczko

Chapter oneChapter one

How do you read a How do you read a waterspoutwaterspout

F1 40-48 mile winds .not much damageF1 40-48 mile winds .not much damage

F2 54-62 mile winds .simple damageF2 54-62 mile winds .simple damage

F3 65-73 mile winds .moderate damage F3 65-73 mile winds .moderate damage

F4 84-94 mile winds .severe damageF4 84-94 mile winds .severe damage

F5 108-123 mile winds .davesting damageF5 108-123 mile winds .davesting damage

F6 388-398 mile winds. You hope no one F6 388-398 mile winds. You hope no one is is

around.around.

How are waterspouts madeHow are waterspouts madeWaterspouts are sometimes made after a Waterspouts are sometimes made after a

hurricanehurricaneWaterspouts are a bunch condensed water Waterspouts are a bunch condensed water

droplets.droplets.Waterspouts are vortexes. Waterspouts are vortexes. Wind helps Waterspouts navigate through a Wind helps Waterspouts navigate through a

coast. coast.

Are waterspouts helpful Are waterspouts helpful

No and yes. Water spouts are not No and yes. Water spouts are not helpful when they rip,rip,rip Up helpful when they rip,rip,rip Up towns and cities that are by a towns and cities that are by a coast.coast.

Waterspouts are helpful when they Waterspouts are helpful when they Throw fish onto the shore. But still Throw fish onto the shore. But still they hurt more then they help. they hurt more then they help.

What are normal waterspout What are normal waterspout victimsvictims

Sea spongeSea sponge FishFish Sea horseSea horse WalrusWalrus Manatee Manatee

Chapter twoChapter two

Famous whirlpoolsFamous whirlpools

Corryvecken of the coast of Corryvecken of the coast of ScotlandScotland

Moskstrauman of the coast of Moskstrauman of the coast of NorwayNorway

Saltsstrauman off of NorwaySaltsstrauman off of Norway Old sow in the middle of new Old sow in the middle of new

Brunswick and Maine Brunswick and Maine

Where do whirlpools occur Where do whirlpools occur most most

Whirlpools accrue most under Whirlpools accrue most under bridges bridges

In the middle of the oceanIn the middle of the ocean In outer space In outer space

But to put it simple Japan, U.S.A, and But to put it simple Japan, U.S.A, and China.China.

How is a whirlpool startedHow is a whirlpool startedWhirlpools at sea are caused by the meeting of opposing Whirlpools at sea are caused by the meeting of opposing

currents and tides, by ocean currents striking offshore currents and tides, by ocean currents striking offshore rocks and other coastal configurations, and by the force rocks and other coastal configurations, and by the force of wind acting upon water. Irregularities in basin and of wind acting upon water. Irregularities in basin and channel bottoms usually cause whirlpools in rivers and channel bottoms usually cause whirlpools in rivers and lakes.lakes.

Whirlpools in the open seas are giant suctionless Whirlpools in the open seas are giant suctionless eddieseddies, , such as the such as the Sargasso SeaSargasso Sea in the Atlantic ocean, were in the Atlantic ocean, were sometimes becalmed in them and were held fast in their sometimes becalmed in them and were held fast in their centers or were swept by the slowly rotating currents centers or were swept by the slowly rotating currents against rugged coasts. Whirlpools with a strong vortical against rugged coasts. Whirlpools with a strong vortical motion, on the other hand, can become very violent and motion, on the other hand, can become very violent and are capable of sucking boats into their rapidly down-are capable of sucking boats into their rapidly down-spiraling cavities. Noted whirlpools include the Charybdis spiraling cavities. Noted whirlpools include the Charybdis in the Strait of Messina between mainland Italy and the in the Strait of Messina between mainland Italy and the island of Sicily, the Maelstrom, or Moskenstraumen, in island of Sicily, the Maelstrom, or Moskenstraumen, in the Lofoten Islands off Norway, and the Whirlpool Rapids the Lofoten Islands off Norway, and the Whirlpool Rapids below below Niagara FallsNiagara Falls. [. [Photo 43 KBPhoto 43 KB]]

What Is a WhirlpoolWhat Is a WhirlpoolWHIRLPOOLWHIRLPOOL is a is a cryptographic hash functioncryptographic hash function designed by designed by Vincent Vincent RijmenRijmen and and

Paulo S. L. M. Paulo S. L. M. BarretoBarreto. The hash has been recommended by the . The hash has been recommended by the NESSIENESSIE project. project. It has also been adopted by the It has also been adopted by the International Organization for StandardizationInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the (ISO) and the International International ElectrotechnicalElectrotechnical

Commission (IEC) as part of the joint ISO/IEC 10118-3 Commission (IEC) as part of the joint ISO/IEC 10118-3 international standardinternational standard.. WHIRLPOOL is a hash designed after the WHIRLPOOL is a hash designed after the SquareSquare block cipherblock cipher. WHIRLPOOL is a . WHIRLPOOL is a

Miyaguchi-PreneelMiyaguchi-Preneel construction based on a substantially modified construction based on a substantially modified Advanced Encryption StandardAdvanced Encryption Standard (AES). Given a message less than 2 (AES). Given a message less than 2256256 bits in bits in

length, it returns a 512-bit length, it returns a 512-bit message digestmessage digest..The authors have declared that "WHIRLPOOL is not (and will never be) patented. It The authors have declared that "WHIRLPOOL is not (and will never be) patented. It

may be used free of charge for any purpose. The reference implementations are may be used free of charge for any purpose. The reference implementations are in the public domain." in the public domain."

The algorithm is named after the The algorithm is named after the Whirlpool GalaxyWhirlpool Galaxy in in Canes VenaticiCanes Venatici..[[editedit]]

WHIRLPOOL hashesWHIRLPOOL hashesThe WHIRLPOOL algorithm has undergone two revisions since its original The WHIRLPOOL algorithm has undergone two revisions since its original 20002000

specification. In the first revision in specification. In the first revision in 20012001, the , the s-boxs-box was changed from a was changed from a randomly generated one with good cryptographic properties to one which has randomly generated one with good cryptographic properties to one which has better cryptographic properties and is easier to implement in hardware. In the better cryptographic properties and is easier to implement in hardware. In the

second revision (second revision (20032003), the diffusion matrix was changed.), the diffusion matrix was changed.People incorporating WHIRLPOOL will most likely use the most recent revision of People incorporating WHIRLPOOL will most likely use the most recent revision of WHIRLPOOL; while there are no known security weaknesses in earlier versions of WHIRLPOOL; while there are no known security weaknesses in earlier versions of

WHIRLPOOL, the most recent revision has better hardware implementation WHIRLPOOL, the most recent revision has better hardware implementation efficiency characteristics, and is also likely to be more secure. As mentioned efficiency characteristics, and is also likely to be more secure. As mentioned

earlier, it is also the version adopted in the ISO/IEC 10118-3 international earlier, it is also the version adopted in the ISO/IEC 10118-3 international standard.standard.

The original WHIRLPOOL will be called WHIRLPOOL-0 and the first revision of The original WHIRLPOOL will be called WHIRLPOOL-0 and the first revision of WHIRLPOOL will be called WHIRLPOOL-1 in the following test vectors.WHIRLPOOL will be called WHIRLPOOL-1 in the following test vectors.

The 512-bit (64-byte) WHIRLPOOL hashes (also termed The 512-bit (64-byte) WHIRLPOOL hashes (also termed message digestsmessage digests) are ) are typically represented as 128-digit hexadecimal numbers. The following typically represented as 128-digit hexadecimal numbers. The following

demonstrates a 43-byte ASCII input and the corresponding WHIRLPOOL hashes:demonstrates a 43-byte ASCII input and the corresponding WHIRLPOOL hashes:

DangersDangers

Here is a whirlpool in Here is a whirlpool in space. space.

Fast Facts: Fast Facts: Whirlpool GalaxyWhirlpool Galaxy Name(s)Name(s) Whirlpool Galaxy, M51, NGC 5194Whirlpool Galaxy, M51, NGC 5194 DescriptionDescription A face-on spiral galaxy with companionA face-on spiral galaxy with companion LocationLocation Found in the northern constellation Canes VenaticiFound in the northern constellation Canes Venatici DistanceDistance

from Earth from Earth About 9.6 megaparsecs (31 million light-years)About 9.6 megaparsecs (31 million light-years) SizeSize The galaxy is roughly 30 kiloparsecs (98,000 light-years) in The galaxy is roughly 30 kiloparsecs (98,000 light-years) in

diameterdiameter

The endThe end

This was by Callie Cody This was by Callie Cody corporations.corporations.

And thank youAnd thank you

C.C

CodyCody

CallieCallie