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© 2014 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. or its affiliates. This publication may not be reproduced or distributed in any form without Gartner's prior written permission. If you are authorized to access this publication, your use of it is subject to the Usage Guidelines for Gartner Services posted on gartner.com. The information contained in this publication has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Gartner disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information and shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in such information. This publication consists of the opinions of Gartner's research organization and should not be construed as statements of fact. The opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Although Gartner research may include a discussion of related legal issues, Gartner does not provide legal advice or services and its research should not be construed or used as such. Gartner is a public company, and its shareholders may include firms and funds that have financial interests in entities covered in Gartner research. Gartner's Board of Directors may include senior managers of these firms or funds. Gartner research is produced independently by its research organization without input or influence from these firms, funds or their managers. For further information on the independence and integrity of Gartner research, see "Guiding Principles on Independence and Objectivity."

Nick Jones

Technologies, Architectures and Vendors for the IoT

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How & When Will IoT Impact You?

3

Short Term(over next 3 years)

Long Term(more than 5 years)

October 2014 Gartner Research Circle Survey, n=463

,

Transform our business

20%

23%

39%

13%29%

35%

30%

2%

Significant new revenue / cost

saving

Significant new revenue / cost saving

Transform our business

Small impact

No impactDon’t know

Small impact

No impact

Don’t know


Many Types of "Things" Enable Many Digital Business Models

Identifiable

Things

Sensing

Things

Controllable

Sensing

Things

Complex

Autonomous

Things

Sm

art T

hin

gs

Typically increasingly sophisticated technology, business models and opportunities

Complex

Webs of Things

The total economic value-add from IoT across industries will reach $1.9 trillion worldwide in 2020

The IoT will drive business innovation, especially in the area of new business methods and business moments


Which Technologies & Capabilities Do You Need to Master the IoT?

Business strategy

IoT platforms and cloud

services

Enterprise IT integration

Ancillary apps, e.g., on mobiles

Hardware design and integration

Communications services and networking

Security / privacy

Embedded software

development

Ideas

Vision


Wireless Networks for the IoTNo Technology or Architecture Wins

Endpoint HW cost

Bandwidth

Range

Capacity/Scalability

Battery life

Operational cost

Bluetooth < $1 LTE ≈ $50

Sigfox ≈ 10s bpsWi-Fi = 1Gbps

Sigfox ≈ $5 per yearWi-Fi = $0 3G >≈ $5 per month

ZigBee ≈ Years LTE ≈ Days / weeks

Wi-Fi ≈ 50 per APWeightless ≈ 1,000s per AP

Cellular ≈ Nationwide Bluetooth ≈ 10MLoRA ≈ 20 Km

Good Poor

Weightless ≈ $15

High level network technology characteristics, costs are illustrative and will depend on the application

LTE ≈ 10s Mbps


IoT Demands New Hardware and Operating Systems

Minimal embedded OS. E.g., Contiki, TinyOS, RIOT, ArdOS.

Small-footprint embedded OS.E.g., VxWorks, QNX, cut-down Linux, Galileo.

Full OS with GUI, networking and so on. E.g., Raspberry Pi Linux, Windows Embedded, QNX. May have real-time extensions.

Examples of selected processor and memory requirements for various embedded platforms.

1Gb

100Mb

10Mb

1Mb

100Kb

10Kb

1Kb

0.1Kb

16b/32b, 5Kb to 50Kb

32b, >750Kb

8b, 512b

32b/64b, >512Mb

Microkernel or bare hardware.

Increasing cost, capability, and similarity to conventional software development tools and processes.


IoT Demands New Architectures

Enterprise Systems

Telco M2M platform

IoT middleware and platforms

Business systemsE.g., ERP, custom applications, industrial control systems, websites ...

Gateway/Aggregation

"Things"

IoTCloud

Services

External devices and apps(E.g., mobile, PC, ...)

On-device functions On-device agents

Data management & analyticsE.g., big data, data mining, analytics, machine learning….


IoT Platforms Can Jump-Start Solutions

Communication

Event-driven logic

Visualization

Security

Firmware management

Analytics

Data acquisition

Data storage/management

Interfaces to enterprise software

Polling

App development

Device management

Typical IoT middleware platform functions. Note that not all platforms support all functions.


Manage the Challenges of Immature IoTTechnologies and Standards

Too many standards

Consumer privacy and trust

Security and management

Immature vendors and services

Long-lived objects

Untried business models

API and ecosystem battles

Proliferation of APIs

Interoperability

Service discovery

Bridging the Web and the IoT

Novel platforms and OSs

Limited processing power

Authenticating objects

Battery life

New user experiences

Diverse networks

Service costs


Acquire Skills and PartnersYou Can’t Do Everything Alone

Hardware design and integration

Embedded software development

Comms. services and networking

Platforms and cloud services

IoT business vision and strategy

Enterprise IT integration

Security/Privacy assessment

Ancillary apps

New business partners

Inte

rnal

Exte

rnal

Strategic consultancy

Systems integrator

Telco/Comms. vendor

IoT platform vendor

OT specialists

Digital agency

External ecosystemsand business partners

ERP vendors

Examples of potential service partners

Strong opportunity

Weaker opportunity


Vision and Strategy – You Can’t Select Technology Until You Have A Destination

Short term Long term

IoT improves current products and processes

E.g., automatic replenishment, reduce need for manual effort

IoT redefines your business

E.g., "things as a service"information-based business models

Ideate

Create

Engage

Offer

Monetize

Adapt

Identify new opportunities, e.g., smart products, new ecosystems

Production and operation, e.g., industrial automation for manufacturing

Interact with customers, e.g., self-supporting or self-marketing products

Products/Services/Experiences, e.g., smart fitness clothing

Create/Exchange value, e.g., application-based pricing

Learn and evolve, e.g., mine IoT data to improve products


Find The Business Opportunity (1)

Could we exploit location?

Smart objects know where they are and how they're used.

What could we sense?

What information would change our behavior?

Could we add a user interface? E.g., using a smartphone?

E.g., to make something easier to use, updateable, or reduce

support costs.

Could we add remote control or management?

E.g., for domestic equipment or industrial machines.

Could we economically disrupt an established market?

E.g., low-cost home security sensors.

Can we create value using orchestration?

E.g., cooking sensors plus smart hob.

Source: CuteCircuit


Can information change our revenue model?

E.g., application aware pricing, dynamic pricing based on demand.

Can we add value with real time information/analysis?

E.g., make a frying pan into a cooking assistant,

a moisture sensor into a plant-care assistant

Can we aggregate sensor information?

For the entire house, city or even country.

Could we own a new ecosystem?

Or if not which ecosystems should we partner with?

How can we exploit information in new ways?

E.g., diagnose Alzheimers from individual's movement.

Can we make "things" social?

Objects that tweet, email, SMS, talk to Facebook.

What APIs could we sell?

The API becomes the product

Find The Business Opportunity (2)


How Big Is The Opportunity?

Vertical specific

Business

Consumer

Automotive

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

0

15 bn

30 bn

Forecast: Internet of Things, Endpoints and Associated Services, Worldwide, 2014

Predicted Installed Base of IoT Devices


Recommended Gartner Research

Forecast: Internet of Things, Endpoints and Associated Services, Worldwide, 2014 UpdatePeter Middleton and others (G00270263)

The Internet of Things Will Demand New Application Architectures, Skills and ToolsNick Jones (G00262905)

Market Guide for IOT PlatformsAlfonso Velosa and others (G00272398)

Internet of Things Survey 4Q14: Industry and Regional PerspectivesNick Jones (G00274537)

Best Practices in Exploring and Understanding the Full Scope of IoT SolutionsVarious authors (G00274014)

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