which of these is a mineral?. i. rocks are made of __________________ a mineral is a naturally...
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![Page 1: Which of these is a mineral?. I. Rocks are made of __________________ A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic ______________. It has a definite](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cbb5503460f9498340a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Which of these is a mineral?
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I. Rocks are made of __________________
A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic
______________. It has a definite chemical composition
and a ______________ structure.
1.Naturally occurring:
a/ minerals: _____________________________
b/ not minerals: ____________________________
2.Inorganic: not formed from living things
The following are not minerals…..
a/ Coal is not because it comes from __________________
b/ Amber is not because it comes from _______________
c/ Pearls are not because they come from _____________
Quartz, pyrite
Cement, steel
plantstree sap
oysters
minerals
solidcrystal
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Which of these isNOT a mineral?
Why?X
X
X
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3. Definite chemical composition:
Name of Mineral
Chemical Composition
Explanation
Halite 1 Na = sodium1 Cl = chloride
Quartz 1 Si = silicon2 O = oxygen
Pyrite 1 Fe = iron2 S = sulfur
graphite C = carbon
NaCl
SiO2
FeS2
C
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Which is which?
halite pyrite magnetite
copper
quartz
hematite
graphite
diamond
sulfur
calcite
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size and volume
shape
Oil
The atoms in a mineral
are arranged in
patterns.
Halite
( )
liquid
NaClrepeating
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atoms of Na and Cl:
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copper
calcite
Metals are crystals!
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What minerals are these?
They are all quartz!
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II. How to identify minerals
A. Physical properties
1. Color
a/ some minerals have only 1 color:
malachite is __________
sulfur is ______________
b/ other minerals have many colors:
___________ can be clear, pink, white, purple, etc
___________ can be black, grey, reddish brown, etc
Color is often unreliable because ______________
in the mineral and ______________ can change the color.
green
yellow
quartz
hematite
impurities
weathering
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All quartz!
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All hematite!
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Un-weathered copper:
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Ex: verdigris = “green of Greece”
original copper
a “crust” ofcopper sulfateor copper chloride
weathering changesthe colors of minerals
Is this a physical or chemical change?
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The torch is coated in gold leaf (originally made of stained glass and lit from the inside.)
Bookof Knowledge
7 seas andcontinents
raised right foot is on the move
her left foot tramples broken shackles at her feet
Her torch signifies enlightenment.
The copper outsideis green because ofverdigris.
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The color of the _____________when a mineral is on a streak plate.
Reddish brown
White/colorless
A streak plate is a square
of unglazed _____________porcelain
powder
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Hematite always leaves a reddish brown streak.
quartz
quartz
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3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
metal
reflects lightLuster
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metallic
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3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
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pearly
non-metallic
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3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
glassy
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
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glassynon-metallic
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3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
glassy
waxy
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
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waxy
non-metallic
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chert(quartz)
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3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
glassy
waxy
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
brilliant
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brilliantnon-metallic
syntheticdiamond
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Metallic or non-metallic?
nonmetallicwaxy
waxy
nonmetallic
glassynonmetallic
brilliant
nonmetallic
earthy
nonmetallic
pearly
metallic
metallic
nonmetallic
If non-metallicwhat kind?
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4. _____________– how easily a mineral can
be ________________
On a scale of 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest):
softest mineral - _______________ = 1
hardest mineral – ______________ = 10
Simple “scratch test” for hardness:
Hard minerals _________ scratch glass
Soft minerals _________ scratch glass
Hardness is determined by a mineral’s
_____________ chemical bonds and ________________.
Hardness
scratched
talc
diamond
can
cannot
internal structure
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Both are made only from carbon.
Which arrangement looks stronger?
diamond graphite
hardness = 10 hardness = 1-2
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type of
fracturedescription example
uneven
fibrous
conchoidal
5. How it breaks or splits
a.Fracture: If a mineral breaks ______________
in curved or irregular pieces with rough
and ________________ surfaces when struck
by a hammer
rough surfaces
cloth fibers
clam shell shape
unevenly
jagged
sulfur
asbestos
quartz
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uneven
fibrous
conchoidal
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Flint tool
Flint cobble
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b. Cleavage - When a mineral splits
along __________________ surface
Examples of cleavage:
The mineral ________
cleaves in ___ direction:
The mineral ________
cleaves in ___ directions:
smooth flat
mica
1
galena
3
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Cleavage or fracture?
conchoidal think:fracture conch shell
cleavage
cleavagefracture
fracture fracture
cleavage
fracture
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Calcite
magnetite magnetic
+2HCl