WHI- SOL ReviewUnit 1

Unit 1: SOLs 2-4Early Man & River Valley Civilizations

Early Man (SOL 2)

Homo-sapiens (a.k.a. Humans)– 100,000 to 400,000 years ago they left Africa– Moved to Eurasia, Australia, & the Americas– Early humans dependent on availability of wild

plants & animals

Early Man (SOL 2)…

• Describe Paleolithic societies:– Nomadic, used basic tools (including weapons),

fire, small clans, oral language, cave art• Why were they nomadic?– Followed their food (animals)

• How did making fire help them?– Cook food, move to colder environments, heat,

etc…..

Early Man (SOL 2)…

• Neolithic Age-Agriculture (“Farming”), Domesticated plants & animals, advanced tools, pottery, weaving skills

• What was the pottery & weaving used for?– To make baskets & containers for food & storage.

Early Man (SOL 2)…

• Archaeologists: What do they do?– Have an archaeological dig: dig slowly & carefully,

section by section. Further down you dig the older it is.

– Examine the artifacts & fossils (Carbon-dating)– Make educated guesses as to the use of those

artifacts & fossils for early man.

Stonehenge

• Archeological site in England. Started in Neolithic Age, finished in the Bronze Age.

Aleppo & Jericho

• Cities in the Fertile Crescent under excavation by archaeologists.

Catalhoyuk

• Currently under excavation in Anatolia

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)

• New Stone Age settlements occurred along river valleys & the Fertile Crescent.

• Why settle along river valleys?– Irrigation water– Rich soil– Protection from invasion

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)…

• Fertile Crescent• Society: slavery, Dynasties, social classes• Laws: 10 Commandments, Hammurabi’s Code• Economy: Trade• Polytheistic v. Monotheistic• Hebrews: Judaism, Jordon River

Religions

• Judaism:– Abraham– Moses & the 10

Commandments– Torah– Monotheistic– Hebrews/ Jews– Hebrew language

• Christianity– Jesus

• Savior & Son of God

– Based off of Judaism• Old Testament

– Monotheistic– Life after Death: Heaven

or Hell– Bible: Old & New

Testaments

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)…

• Mesopotamia:– Tigris & Euphrates– Part of Fertile Crescent– Cuneiform– Polytheistic– Babylon:

• Hammurabi’s Code

• Egypt:– Nile River (Africa)– Pharaoh– Hieroglyphics– Pyramids– Polytheistic

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)…

• China:– Huang He (Yellow)– Silk Roads– Great Wall (Qin Shi Huangdi)– Contributions: Silk, Paper, Porcelain, Gunpowder,

Fireworks, Civil Service System, Compass– Dynasties: Mandate of Heaven– Confucianism & Tao/Daoism

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)…

• India:– Indus & Ganges– Hindu-Kush, Himalayas, Indian Ocean– Aryans– Hinduism– Buddhism: Asoka & his missionaries– Gupta Dynasty: Golden Age, Math, Textiles

Religions…

• Hinduism:– Reincarnation– Karma– Vedas & Upanishads– Monotheistic

• Many forms of 1 God

– Caste System– Moksha

• Buddhism:– Reincarnation– Karma– Four Noble Truths– Eightfold Path to

Enlightenment – Siddhartha Gautama– Not really a God/

Monotheistic– Nirvana

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)…

• Persia:– Tolerant– Imperial Bureaucracy– Road System– Zoroastrianism

• Kush/ Nubians: – Located south of Egypt

on the upper Nile. Traded.

• Phoenicians:– Colonies all along

Mediterranean (Tyre)– Alphabet

“Need to Know”

Review of key people & terms inSOLs 2-4

People you need to Know

• Hammurabi– King of Babylon

(Mesopotamia)– Hammurabi’s Code

• Eye for an eye

• Abraham– Founder of Judaism

• Moses– Exodus

• Free Jews from Egypt

– 10 Commandments

People…

• Siddhartha Gautama– Founder of Buddhism– Buddha

• Asoka– Emperor who hired

missionaries to spread Buddhism

• Qin Shi Huangdi– Chinese Emperor– Built the Great Wall

Dates to Know

• 100,000 – 400,000 yrs ago = Homo Sapiens emerged in Africa

• 3500 – 500 BC = River valley civilizations emerged

Time Periods to Know

• Paleolithic Era = Old Stone Age• Neolithic Era = New Stone Age• Bronze Age (when Stonehenge was finished)• River Valley Civilizations• Golden Age of Indian culture (Gupta)

Empires, Dynasties & Kingdoms to Know

• India– Mauryan• Asoka

– Gupta (Golden Age)• China– Qin

Religions to Know

• Judaism• Christianity• Zoroastrianism• Hinduism• Buddhism• Confucianism• Taoism

Conflicts to Know

• Aryans came down through Hindu-Kush mountains & invaded India

• Mongols tried to invade China– Great Wall

Writings & Art to Know

• Torah • Code of Hammurabi• Ten Commandments• Vedas & Upanishads• Four Noble Truths• Eightfold Path to Enlightenment

Civilizations to Know

• Hunter-Gatherers (Paleolithic)• Neolithic societies• River Valley:– Egypt– Mesopotamia– China– India– Hebrews– Phoenicians– Nubia

Question time!Let’s see how you do.

Questions based off of SOLs 2-4

Why was Paleolithic man nomadic?A. To follow his foodB. To farmC. For a change of scenery

Why did early man develop fire? A. To cook his food B. To be able to

move to a colder place C. To adapt to the

world around him

D. All of the above

Why did the Neolithic man develop pottery & weaving skills? A. So they could have

something to trade B. So they could have

something pretty to look at

C. To store food for future use

- Conduct a dig- Use carbon dating to analyze artifacts- State your analysis of what you think the objects

were used for.

Whose job is described above?A. EndocrinologistsB. ArchaeologistC. PaleontologistD. Zoologists

What’s happening here?A. Moses is receiving the 10

CommandmentsB. Abraham is

receiving the 10 Commandments

C. Moses is receiving the 12

TablesD. Noah is receiving

a vision about the Flood

Which civilization is described above?A. MesopotamiaB. EgyptC. ChinaD. Hebrew

?????

Hammurabi’s Code Polytheistic,

Ziggurats

Cuneiform

This writing system was used by which civilization?

A. ChinaB. MesopotamiaC. IndiaD. Egypt

-Ruled by a line of dynasties -The mandate of heaven- Centered along the Yellow River

Which civilization is described above?A. Ancient EgyptB. Ancient IndiaC. Ancient ChinaD. Ancient Mesopotamia

In Confucianism & Taoism this symbol represents:

A. GodB. The WorldC. OppositesD. Divinity

- Influenced by the Aryans- Practice Hinduism- Use a caste system

This is a description of which civilization?A. Ancient IndiaB. Ancient ChinaC. Ancient EgyptD. Ancient Japan

Who was responsible for spreading Buddhism?

A. ScribesB. SerfsC. MissionariesD. Aryans

Which religious leader believed in the Four Noble Truths?

A. MohammadB. SiddharthaC. JesusD. Abraham

What religion believes in reincarnation & karma?

A. ShintoismB. HinduismC. ChristianityD. Judaism

-Tolerant of people they conquered- Developed an imperial bureaucracy- Had an effective road system- Practiced Zoroastrianism

Which civilization is described by the following?A. IncanB. HebrewC. PhoenicianD. Persian

Whose colonies are shown on this map?A. RomanB. HebrewC. PhoenicianD. Persian