where have all the farmers gone? brian halweil
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Where have all the Where have all the farmers gone?farmers gone?
Where have all the Where have all the farmers gone?farmers gone?
Brian Halweil Brian Halweil
http://www.gudaoxifeng.com/html/35165.shtmlhttp://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/exhibits/agriculture/strength.htm
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The shift from rural areas to cities
• Falling incomes• Rising debt• Rural poverty• Attraction from
urban life -- higher income and more opportunities
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/geography/urban/cities/worldcities/newyork.jpg
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RealityReality unemployment and ill health in
the cities marginalization of farmers: a
vicious cycle
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Why the farmers quit farming?
http://news.dg.soufun.com/2008-04-09/1646680.htm
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Widespread using of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides
“outsource” expenditures Prevailed players in a food
industry– the processing and packaging business
The power of technology and mechanization in a
industrialized society
http://cul.news.tom.com/2007-08-22/074F/35720085.html
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Result from the high technology
• Farmer’s profit margin dropped dramatically
• Small farms are being driven out; fewer farmers on bigger tracts of land producing a greater share of the food supply
• farmers are becoming more dependent and lost the diversity of crops
http://www.nmbb.com.cn/picView.asp?id=84
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The squeeze from food cartels
• Centralized control of the food system from the agricultural oligopoly
• Mergers, takeovers and alliances make few agribusiness firms be extremely profitable: widening gap between farm prices and retail food prices
• The result of seeking high profit of corporate bureaucracies: the quality of the food?
• Farmers are losing control of the production process: problem from the bank, contracts and so on
http://searchui.search.mainone.com/cpa-100-20-0-20-1-23-24--1.htm?cat_id=1008451
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Result from the high concentration
higher price; lower quality food
losing professional farmers with extensive knowledge
http://dontdatethatdude.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/farmer-john-cornfield2.jpg
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Backfire towards rural community: tearing of the
social fabric poverty crimes social class distinctions mental stress lower rates of medical protection breakdown of families ties high rates of suicides security threats
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Ecological disruption Lost of crop diversity; simplified crop
system Simplifying the ecology of a field can result
in nitrogen pollution, water pollution (algae blooms) , gargantuan amounts of waste …
Big enterprises are less concerned about the pollution and resource degradation
overuse of antibiotics caused growing antibiotic resistance in food-borne bacteria such as salmonella and campylobacter
http://serc.carleton.edu/images/microbelife/topics/red_tide_genera.v3.jpg