Where does English come

from?

Mix all the ingredients together. Cook slowly for 1,000 years.

• 50 grammes greek• 75 grammes latin• 400 grammes anglo-saxon• 150 grammes norse• 300 grammes french• 25 grammes other languages

•Of all European languages English Of all European languages English is the richestis the richest? ?

•French has a vocabulary of about French has a vocabulary of about 100,000 words.100,000 words.

•German-about 200,000 words German-about 200,000 words •Russian-more than 400,000 wordsRussian-more than 400,000 words•English-more than 500,000 wordsEnglish-more than 500,000 words

Do you know that…Do you know that…

Match the words to there Match the words to there equivalentsequivalents

• Invade • Invasion • Conquer

• Conquest • A tribe • A сlan • A barbarian • To settle

• a group of families closely related

• to take by force or to win by war

• an uncivilized person • an act of invading • an act of conquering• to come and live in a

certain place• a group of people of the

same race, beliefs, language etc.

• to take control of a country

Match the words to there Match the words to there equivalentsequivalents

• To convert to Christianity

• A pagan • A priest • A warrior • A variety • Borrowings (Loans)

• BC• AD• Vocabulary• A raid• Originate

• words taken from other languages

• a great number of different things

• a person, whose job is to fight

• a person, who believes in many gods

• to make people believe in Jesus Christ

• a person, who performs religious ceremonies

• words belonging to the same language

• a quick attack• to take a rise• before Christ• after Christ

Celts in

Britain

celts-a greek word “kelloi” (barbarian)

600 BC-50 AD (the IRON AGE)

A collection of tribesThe most numerous

The gaels the britons

Super-class priestsPolitical AdvisorsTeachersArbitrators

Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic culture

in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe

Halloween is on October 31st, the last day of the Celtic calendar. It was originally a pagan holiday,

honoring the dead.

Brythonic: -Welsh

Gaelic: -Irish

-Scottish

The Celts greek «kelloi» barbarians BC 600 – 50 AD (The Iron age) from Europe a variety of tribes

Gaels Britons Warriors farmers

Pagans Druids super class priests teachers, advisors arbitrators

Halloween of Celtic origin

A collection of independent tribes. (similar culture) Gaels numerous Britons

North (Ireland, Scotland) West (Wales)

The Irish, the Scottish originate The Welsh

Various dialects Gaelic Brythonic - the Irish language - the Welsh language - the Scottish language

Bard- a poetBard- a poetpet- a tame lambpet- a tame lamb

whiskey- water of life whiskey- water of life penguin- a white headpenguin- a white headclan-familyclan-familyslogan-call, shout slogan-call, shout

Direct originDirect origin

Indirect originIndirect origin

place namesplace namesThe ThamesThe Thames

The AvonThe AvonDoverDoverDevonDevon

Cornwall-Cornwall-””kernkern””-a tribal -a tribal namename

Romans in Britain

43 AD – 450 BC

When did the Romans invade Britain?

• In 43 A.D. (43 years after Jesus was born), Emperor Claudius organized the final and successful Roman invasion of Britain.

Why did the Romans invade Britain?

•Why the Romans came to Britain is not quite certain. Maybe they came to Britain looking for riches - land, slaves, and most of all, iron, lead, zinc, copper, silver and gold.

• The Romans landed in Britain in 43 AD. The Celtic tribes met the Romans in a battle at the River Madway.

Boudica • Boudica was a queen of the Brittonic

tribes who fought against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.

• Between Scotland at England

• 120 km

• 122 AD during the reign of Emperor Hadrian

• To prevent military raids of the Scots

What did the Romans call London?

• The Romans called London 'Londinium'.

• The River Thames was a quick way to transport goods between Britain and the Continent.

Why did the Romans leave Britain?

• Their homes in Italy were being attacked by fierce tribes and every soldier was needed. It was in 410 AD.

German tribes

the Angles the Saxons

the Jutes

Christianization started around 600 AD

Was completed by the mid of 8 century

Reign 757 – July 796

Edwin- burh – Edinburgh

West Germanic dialectsold English

middle English

• 1 the Roman invasion started in …• a) 43 BC b) 43 AB C) 410 AD• 2 The Celts…• a) welcomed the Romans b) were indifferent c)

fought them• 3 Londinium was founded by…• a) the Celts b) the Romans c) the Anglo-Saxons• 4 Anglo-Saxons were…tribes.• a) German b) Roman c) Slavic• 5 Anglo-Saxons spoke….dialects • a) German b) Celtic c) Norse• 6 The real “bretwalda” of England was…• a) Offa of Mercia b) Edwin of Northumbria c)

Alfred the Great• 7 Alfred was called “the Great” because he was…• a) very fat b) a powerful king c) very tall• 8 Anglo-Saxons dialects were the basis for the...• a) ancient English b) Old English c) modern English

Choose the right answer a, b or c

• English - Anglo-Saxon base of common words

• Numerals Colours Animals• A-s Eng A-s Eng A-s Eng• An one read red hors horse • Twa two grene green cu cow• Preo three Family bridd bird• Feower four A-s Eng• Syx six man man• sunu son• modor mother

Anglo-Saxon influence can be followed through place names.

• For example, words ending in – ham (village) Birmingham.

• words ending in - burgh (town) Edinburgh

• words ending in - ton (fenced area)-Brighton, Hampton.

The VikingsThe Vikings

Where did the Vikings come Where did the Vikings come from?from?

• The Vikings lived over one thousand years The Vikings lived over one thousand years ago and came from the three countries of ago and came from the three countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden.Sweden.

Who were the Vikings?Who were the Vikings?

• Vikings were also known as the Norsemen. They Vikings were also known as the Norsemen. They were great travelers and sailed to other parts of were great travelers and sailed to other parts of Europe, where they traded, raided, and often Europe, where they traded, raided, and often settled. They were also farmers, fishermen.settled. They were also farmers, fishermen.

When did they invade Britain?When did they invade Britain?

• The Viking Age in Britain began in the 9th The Viking Age in Britain began in the 9th Century AD and lasted for 300 years. The Century AD and lasted for 300 years. The Vikings first invaded Britain in AD 793 and Vikings first invaded Britain in AD 793 and last invaded in 1066 when William the last invaded in 1066 when William the Conqueror became King of England after Conqueror became King of England after the Battle of Hastings. the Battle of Hastings.

Why did the Vikings invade Why did the Vikings invade Britain?Britain?

• Most Vikings who sailed overseas were Most Vikings who sailed overseas were simply searching for better land for their simply searching for better land for their farms. Their land was not very good for farms. Their land was not very good for farming. Norway was very hilly, Sweden farming. Norway was very hilly, Sweden was covered in forests, and Denmark had was covered in forests, and Denmark had a lot of sandy home land.a lot of sandy home land.

Where did the Vikings settle in Where did the Vikings settle in Britain?Britain?

• The area eventually settled by Vikings was called the The area eventually settled by Vikings was called the Danelaw. It formed a boundary separating Anglo- Danelaw. It formed a boundary separating Anglo-

Saxon England from Viking Saxon England from Viking England.England.

Alfred the Great and DanelawAlfred the Great and Danelaw

• Rather than face defeat, Alfred the Great, Rather than face defeat, Alfred the Great, king of Wessex, paid the Vikings (Danes) king of Wessex, paid the Vikings (Danes) to leave his kingdom alone. He bought just to leave his kingdom alone. He bought just five years of peace.Then Alfred fought five years of peace.Then Alfred fought and defeated the Vikings.and defeated the Vikings.

What religion did the Vikings What religion did the Vikings follow?follow?

• The Vikings believed in many different gods, but there The Vikings believed in many different gods, but there were three that were especially important. were three that were especially important.

• Odin, the leader of the gods - god of war. Odin, the leader of the gods - god of war.

Thor, provided protection from cold Thor, provided protection from cold hunger, giants and other dangers.hunger, giants and other dangers.

Freya, goddess of love and beautyFreya, goddess of love and beauty

The Vikings The Vikings • 1. Where did the Vikings come from?1. Where did the Vikings come from?

• 2. Who were the Vikings?2. Who were the Vikings?

• 3. When did they invade Britain?3. When did they invade Britain?

• 4. Why did the Vikings invade Britain?4. Why did the Vikings invade Britain?

• 5. Where did the Vikings settle in Britain?5. Where did the Vikings settle in Britain?

• 6. Alfred the Great and Danelaw6. Alfred the Great and Danelaw

• 7. What religion did the Vikings follow?7. What religion did the Vikings follow?

Words of Norse originWords of Norse origin

The core of English

Anger,bag,birth, window ,root seem, both,can,cast,die,egg,husband,trust,want,

wise,wing.

Place namesPlace names

• Place names ending in –Place names ending in –byby. eg. . eg. DerbyDerby, , Rugby.Rugby.

• Derby - A village where deer are foundDerby - A village where deer are found• Place names ending in –Place names ending in –thorpethorpe eg. eg.

ScunthorpeScunthorpe and and GrimethorpeGrimethorpe• thorpe meant farms.thorpe meant farms.

• Monday is from Anglo-Saxon day of the moon.• Tuesday is from Tiu, the son of Odin. (Norse)• Wednesday is from Odin or Woden. (Norse)• Thursday-is from Thor. (Norse)• Friday is from FreyaFreya or Frigg. (Norse) • Saturday is from Saturn.(Latin)• Sunday is from Anglo-Saxon day of the sun.• Monday and Sunday are of Anglo-Saxon origin.• Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday are of Norse

origin.• Saturday is of Latin origin.

The Days of the weekThe Days of the week

Norman conquest of Norman conquest of EnglandEngland

10661066

Edward the ConfessorEdward the Confessor

• Died at the beginning of 1066 Died at the beginning of 1066

Harold GodwinsonHarold Godwinson

• Was crowned just after Edward’s death.Was crowned just after Edward’s death.

Harold HardradaHarold Hardrada

The Battle of The Battle of Stamford BridgeStamford Bridge

• SeptemberSeptember,, 25 25 1066 1066

• 276 ships of 300 276 ships of 300 were destroyedwere destroyed

William the Conqueror

Was born in Falaise in 1028

Married in 1056; wife – Matilda of Flanders

The great Fight of Hastings in 1066The great Fight of Hastings in 1066

• OctoberOctober,, 14 14

William was crowned in Westminster Abbey

The results of Norman The results of Norman ConquestConquest

• The Tower was builtThe Tower was built

• The country was united.The country was united.

• The country became a really European The country became a really European state.state.

• Domesday book.Domesday book.

• Old EnglishOld English

• Middle English Middle English

• Modern EnglishModern English

True or false• Norman Conquest started in 1068.

• The battle of Hastings was won by William of Normandy.

• William was the king of France.

• William initiated the building of Westminster Abbey.

• The Normans spoke Latin.

• Old English transformed into Middle English under the influence of French

Cup, kitchen, mill, wine, port

• Words connected with church: priest,bishop(епископ),nun(монахиня), candle.

• Words borrowed directly from Latin (e.g., major, minor, intelligent, permanent).

Law and government Church

parliament religion

state saint

prison chapter

verdict

government

country

Nobility Military Cooking, culture

duke army

prince battle

royal soldier

company

volunteer

• Words with the same meaning originated both from Anglo-Saxon and Latin (French)

A-s French A-s French Pig- pork Tongue-lingual Cow- beef Heart-cardiacBook-literary Hand-manual Sun- solar House-domesticTooth-dental Boat-navalHead-capital Earth-terrestrial Mind-mental

English is a Germanic languagewith Romanic vocabulary. English

has about 80% of borrowings.

Where do you think the word Where do you think the word ««BritainBritain»» come from come from??

((a tribe namea tribe name))

Where do you suppose the Where do you suppose the word word ««EnglandEngland»» come from come from??

((a tribe namea tribe name) )

1) Why is English a “multicultural language?2) How many languages have given words to English?3) Explain the phrase “English has been getting its own back for a long time”

A nounTwo adjectivesThree verbsA sentence (four words)A noun

A combination.Germanic. Romanic.Encourages. Broadens. Unites.It is worth learning.A wonder.

A mixture

Interesting Difficult

Develops Informs Broadens

It helps you communicate

The planet

A mixture

French Italian GreekAnglo Saxon

Norse Latin

Interesting

Difficult

It helps you communicate

Broadens

Develops