Where are they?

Plants and Algae in the Rocky Shores

• Algae – sub-littoral zone

• Lichens – splash zone and upper part of the littoral zone

• Flowering plants – back of the shore

Adaptation of Algae

• Dehydration – protected by a film of mucilage on the sur

face• Strong wave – thallus modified into holdfast to hold onto

substratum – flexible joints that allow them to bend – secrete calcium carbonate to make thems

elves tough

Brown algae

Ulva

Coralline algae

Lichens

• It usually found on bare rock surfaces and tree trunks surfaces

• It consist of a mutualistic association of an alga and a fungus

Extremely sensitive to air pollution!

Halophytic adaptations of Flowering plants

• The soil water is quite salty and water absorption by root is relatively difficult.

Adaptations

• the cell sap accumulates a relatively high concentration of salts to facilitate water absorption

• store water for future use

Scaevola

Adaptations

• the leaves are usually protected by a thick cuticle and the stomata are usually sunken

• have modified leaves to minimize the surface area exposed to air

Marine grass

Elephant’s ear

Horsetail Tree