when thousands of citizens monitor common species: the french garden biodiversity observatory...
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When thousands of citizens monitor common species:
the French Garden Biodiversity Observatory
Benoît Fontaine and Romain Julliard
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
12th EEF, Avila
27 September 2011
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A research project:
• Impact of gardening practices, garden types and landscape on common species
• Long-term biodiversity monitoring
The Observatoire des Papillons des Jardins
• General public• 28 common species/species groups• Private or public gardens
A program run by MNHN (protocol, analyses) and Noé Conservation (animation)
Launched in 2006
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Monthly data (March-October): maximum number of butterflies of each species seen simultaneously in the garden.
Frequency of observation is up to the observer
Frequency of visits
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Landscape impact
Surroundings
Distance to closestwood/field/pasture
Commune (~county)
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Garden and gardening practices impact
Trees
Flowers
Garden features
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Between 2,700 and 4,000 gardens monitored each yearCa. 100,000 monthly surveys, two million abundance data collected since 2006
Six years later…
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Impact of urbanization
Ave
rag
e m
on
thly
ab
un
dan
ce
Urbanization classes
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Impact of garden characteristics
Garden naturalness Nectar offer
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Cross-scale interactions:landscape impact vs. garden impact
Urban avoiding species are more sensitive to garden practices than urban tolerant ones
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One-shot operations
Pictures of butterflies feeding
Butterfly and plant identification
« Fleurs à papillons » project
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- 4500 pictures- 35 butterfly species- ~300 plant species
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Some butterflies species favour exotic plant species
Hypothesis : these butterflies should be abundant in cities
Food availability is not the limiting factor for the presence of butterflies in cities
Sen
sivi
ty t
o u
rban
izat
ion
Exotic flower preference index
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The half-full glass:a large pool of dedicated observers
More than 2000 long-term participants
The half-empty glass
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Most participants do not stay on the long runN
um
ber
of
gar
den
s
Number of surveys provided
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Non active
Active
New observers are less motivated than those from 2006
Active vs. non active gardens per registration year
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
8 surveys
7 surveys
6 surveys
5 surveys
4 surveys
3 surveys
2 surveys
1 survey
New observers are less motivated than those from 2006
Monthly survey results sent (year of registration)
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Less and less new observers each yearN
ew o
bse
rver
s
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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Are there only 10,000 potential observers in France?
Cumulative number of gardens having provided at least one monthly survey
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The challenge:
• Attracting new observers
• Keeping current observers
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Thank you for your attention