when innovation gets difficult
DESCRIPTION
Keynote address delivered at the 2009 annual Midwestern Higher Education Compact meeting in Fargo, ND, November 9, 2009.TRANSCRIPT
When Innova*on Gets Difficult
David Wiley, PhD
Department of Instruc*onal Psychology & Technology
Brigham Young University
From technological to ins*tu*onal innova*on
Monday, November 9, 2009
What Business Are We In?
A warm up discussion
Monday, November 9, 2009
http://www.buffalocommons.org/storyimages/ICE-Delivery-Wagon.jpgMonday, November 9, 2009
What Business Are You In?
Bringing people to campus?Gran*ng degrees?
Helping people get jobs?Helping people learn?
Monday, November 9, 2009
The 20th century was a *me of technological innova*on;
the 21st century must be a *me of ins,tu,onal innova*on.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Gap Analysis
Let’s get some context
Monday, November 9, 2009
Capacity Gap
Demand for higher educa*on versus system capacity
Monday, November 9, 2009
39.6% enrolled in higher educa*onMonday, November 9, 2009
Extend This APR Worldwide
150M new students coming intohigher educa*on
Monday, November 9, 2009
Currently at 120M
More new students than current total students
Monday, November 9, 2009
In India Alone
2400 new universi*es in 25 years
Monday, November 9, 2009
Two New Universi*es Per Week
(Just to serve India)
Monday, November 9, 2009
US APR Will Con*nue to Grow
Knowledge economy jobs
Monday, November 9, 2009
Employer Turns*les
US Department of Labor predicts today’s student will have 10-‐14 jobs by age 38
Monday, November 9, 2009
More, More, More
More peopleneed more schooling
more oden
Monday, November 9, 2009
Current System Will Not Scale
Radical -‐ not incremental -‐ improvementsin capacity are necessary
Monday, November 9, 2009
Affordability Gap
Cost higher educa*on versus available funds
Monday, November 9, 2009
What’s the Common Theme?
USC, Carnegie Mellon, Georgetown, Johns Hopkins, Mount Holyoke, Duke,
Vanderbilt, Tuds, Cornell, Oberlin, Vassar
Monday, November 9, 2009
2009-‐2010 Cost > $50,000
Top 100 list ends at $46,860
Monday, November 9, 2009
Tui*on Increases 8% Per Year
Cost doubles every decade(Health care grows at 6% per year)
Monday, November 9, 2009
Textbook Prices Up 62%
In the last decade(General books up 19%)
Monday, November 9, 2009
2009-‐2010 -‐ $1,100 in Textbooks
Average two year program tui*on $2,500
Monday, November 9, 2009
More, More, More
Tui*on costs more,textbooks cost more,
much faster than GDP (4%)
Monday, November 9, 2009
Cost Trends Unsustainable
Radical -‐ not incremental -‐ improvementsin affordability are necessary
Monday, November 9, 2009
Relevance Gap
Distance between higher educa*on and the real world
Monday, November 9, 2009
Then vs NowAnalog ⇒ Digital
Tethered ⇒ Mobile
Isolated ⇒ Connected
Generic ⇒ Personal
Consuming ⇒ Contribu*ng
Closed ⇒ Open
Monday, November 9, 2009
Analog ⇒ Digital
Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers,
Movies, Journals, Communica*ons,
Intelligence, Defense
Monday, November 9, 2009
Tethered ⇒ Mobile
Phones, Internet Access,
Employment
Monday, November 9, 2009
Isolated ⇒ Connected
People, Content, Systems
Monday, November 9, 2009
Generic ⇒ Personal
Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones
Monday, November 9, 2009
Consuming ⇒ Contribu*ng
Radio / Podcas*ng, Newspapers / Blogs
Movies / Vodcas*ng
Monday, November 9, 2009
Closed ⇒ Open
Sodware (OSs, Applica*ons),
Data (Weather, GIS),
Content (Blogs, Wikis)
Monday, November 9, 2009
Then vs NowAnalog ⇒ Digital
Tethered ⇒ Mobile
Isolated ⇒ Connected
Generic ⇒ Personal
Consuming ⇒ Contribu*ng
Closed ⇒ Open
Monday, November 9, 2009
Educa/on vs EverydayAnalog ⇒ Digital
Tethered ⇒ Mobile
Isolated ⇒ Connected
Generic ⇒ Personal
Consuming ⇒ Contribu*ng
Closed ⇒ Open
Monday, November 9, 2009
academic, adj. pointless; irrelevant
e.g., an academic exercise
Monday, November 9, 2009
Wait! We’re Educa,on!
Our historic monopoly is being challenged on almost every front
Monday, November 9, 2009
Why Do Students Come?
Content, Research, Support Services Social Life, Degrees
Monday, November 9, 2009
Content
MIT OpenCourseWare, Wikipedia, Flat World Knowledge, etc.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Research
Public Library of Science, Arxiv.org, Google Scholar, etc.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Support Services
ChaCha, Yahoo! Answers, RateMyProfessor, Email, Instant
Messaging, Twiler, etc.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Social Life
Facebook, MySpace, MMOG,
iPhone loca*on-‐aware apps, etc.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Degrees
MCSE, RHCE, CCNA
Monday, November 9, 2009
The Monopoly Is Being Busted
Everything we provide is now offered by someone else
Monday, November 9, 2009
When Ins*tu*ons Specialize
They usually provide beler quality at a beler price
Monday, November 9, 2009
Higher Ed?
Already men*oned costHow’s our quality?
Monday, November 9, 2009
Monday, November 9, 2009
Industries Failing Everywhere
Banks, Insurance, Automobiles
Higher Educa*on?
Monday, November 9, 2009
A Bail Out for Higher Ed?
More like double-‐digit budget cuts
Monday, November 9, 2009
No, No, No
No feeling of relevance
No monopoly posi*on
No bail out coming
Monday, November 9, 2009
Quintessen*al Crisis
We can’t muster sufficient capacity,many who need us most can’t afford us,
and our budgets are being slashed.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Ignoring the Problem is Not a Strategy
Christensen’s Crucial Conversa,ons
Monday, November 9, 2009
The 20th century was a *me of technological innova*on;
the 21st century must be a *me of ins,tu,onal innova*on.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Technology Gap
Technology use in higher educa*on and the real world
Monday, November 9, 2009
Ader applying for admission to the university, registering for classes, and paying tui*on, Jay makes his way into a large, stadium sea*ng-‐style room. Talking during the lecture is forbidden and the professor has a strict “lids down” policy to help students focus on the class. Having read his textbook and reviewed the assigned handouts, Jay joins 150 other students in listening to a 50-‐minute lecture.
Analog, tethered, isolated, generic, consuming, closed
Monday, November 9, 2009
From his dorm room, a cafe, and a bus, Jay connects to the Internet via his laptop and searches Google for informa*on relevant to tomorrow’s test. Temporarily stymied, he chats with friends on the phone to see if they can assist in his search. Finding a good source, he follows links to explore related informa*on, ignoring irrelevant material. Later that evening at study group Jay shares his find with friends.
Digital, mobile, connected, personal, contribu*ng, open
Monday, November 9, 2009
Technology Integrated in Courses?
74% of faculty say yes
62% of students say no
Monday, November 9, 2009
Administra*ve Efficiency
Streamlined applica*on, registra*on, handout distribu*on, homework submission
Monday, November 9, 2009
No Improvement of Core Business
Teaching and Learning
Monday, November 9, 2009
Improving Core Business
Amazon’s recommended books
Grocery store’s personalized coupons
Monday, November 9, 2009
What About E-‐learning?
Monday, November 9, 2009
What About E-‐learning?
Quite innova*ve in 1995!
Monday, November 9, 2009
Characteris/cs of E-‐learningCharacteris/cs of E-‐learningCharacteris/cs of E-‐learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consuming or Contribu*ng
Closed or Open
Monday, November 9, 2009
Openness is the Cornerstone
Openness underpins everything interes*ng happening online and is “what they expect”
Monday, November 9, 2009
Let’s ask Alexa what the 50 most popular sites on the web are…
Why Make Such a Claim?
Monday, November 9, 2009
Sites Where Anyone Can...
Share a video, share a photo, share a blog post, share their personal info, share their ra*ngs,
share their files, share their exper*se
Monday, November 9, 2009
Characteris/cs of E-‐learningCharacteris/cs of E-‐learningCharacteris/cs of E-‐learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consuming or Contribu*ng
Closed or Open
Monday, November 9, 2009
Connec*ng
You can’t connect to something if you don’t have access to it
Monday, November 9, 2009
Personalizing
You can’t adapt or localize somethingif you don’t have the rights to modify it
Monday, November 9, 2009
Contribu*ng
You can’t contribute if there’s no outlet for your work
Monday, November 9, 2009
What Does Openness Mean for HE?
Monday, November 9, 2009
The Open Access Movement
Providing access to the research created at the university
Monday, November 9, 2009
The Open Educa*on Movement
Providing access to the teaching and learning materials created at the university
Monday, November 9, 2009
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74
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75
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These Are Bolt-‐Ons
Not radical innova*onswith openness as a core value
Monday, November 9, 2009
The 20th century was a *me of technological innova*on;
the 21st century must be a *me of ins,tu,onal innova*on.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Monday, November 9, 2009
Monday, November 9, 2009
We’ve Moved Beyond the Garage
Ins*tu*onal innova*on is infinitely more difficult than technical innova*on
Monday, November 9, 2009
E.g., Stakeholders
Is innova*on by commilee possible?
Monday, November 9, 2009
E.g., Accredita*on
How innova*ve can you be without sacrificing accredita*on?
Monday, November 9, 2009
Would You Rather Be...
Accredited and out of business?
Unaccredited and s*ll in business?
Monday, November 9, 2009
Ins*tu*ons are Designed En**es
Not naturally occurring en**es
Monday, November 9, 2009
Design
“Purposive choice under constraint”
Monday, November 9, 2009
Constraints
Are at least as different a6er the Internetas they were a6er Gutenberg
Monday, November 9, 2009
E.g., From Cheap to Free
Gutenberg made copies cheap, but the Internet made them nonrivalrous
Monday, November 9, 2009
Previous vs CurrentAnalog ⇒ Digital
Tethered ⇒ Mobile
Isolated ⇒ Connected
Generic ⇒ Personal
Consuming ⇒ Contribu*ng
Closed ⇒ Open
Monday, November 9, 2009
New Constraints Require New Designs
Not post hoc, bolted-‐on fixes
Monday, November 9, 2009
Food for Thought 1
Western Governor’s University
Monday, November 9, 2009
Dynamic Specializa*on
Hagel and Brown
Monday, November 9, 2009
Food for Thought 2
Open University of the Netherlands
Monday, November 9, 2009
The EMO
An intriguing lifelong learning model
Monday, November 9, 2009
Food for Thought 3
University of the People
Monday, November 9, 2009
Give Away the Razor, Sell the Blades
Raymond’s The Magic Cauldron
Monday, November 9, 2009
Food for Thought 4
The Open High School of Utah
Monday, November 9, 2009
Data-‐Driven Teaching
Real-‐*me pedagogy via dashboards
Monday, November 9, 2009
OER for Con*nuous Improvement
Local control means rapid gains
Monday, November 9, 2009
Food for Thought 5
Bologna Process and theEuropean Higher Educa*on Area
Monday, November 9, 2009
A la Carte Degrees
Why not take math at MIT, physics at Berkeley, law at Stanford, classics at Chicago, New Testament at BYU, etc.,
and call it a degree?
Monday, November 9, 2009
Food for Thought 6
Land-‐grant University 2.0(Hint: it would include openness)
Monday, November 9, 2009
Food for Thought 7
Morrill Act III(Hint: it would include openness)
Monday, November 9, 2009
The 20th century was a *me of technological innova*on;
the 21st century must be a *me of ins,tu,onal innova*on.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Only You (Policymakers) Can Innovate
You can’t wait for two guys in a garage to fix higher educa*on’s problems
Monday, November 9, 2009
You Must Become Conversant
The affordances of the Internet cannot remain the exclusive province of gearheads
Monday, November 9, 2009
The Technology Exists
(The technology caused the change in our constraints / context!)
Monday, November 9, 2009
Is the Will to Innovate There?
There will be very real costs(either way)
Monday, November 9, 2009
“It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory.”
W. E. Deming
Monday, November 9, 2009