when cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer
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When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer . The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the normal period of time. Uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or tumour. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group
of diseases called cancer.
The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the
normal period of time.
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oUncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or
tumour.
oTumours may be benign - generally does not affect
surrounding cells
oor malignant - cancerous.
oCancer cells that break away from original tumour to a
different part of the body and grow in this new location, a new
tumour will form. This process is called metastasis (meh.-tass-
ta-sis)
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oNormal duplication of DNA in a cell is error
free.
oSometimes random changes occur in the cell’s
DNA called mutations. Changes may cause:
No noticable change in cell
Death of the cell
Cancer
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oSome mutations are caused by carcinogens, environmental
factors that cause cancer.
Examples include:
Tobacco smoke Radiation Some viruses Chemicals Organic solvents.
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Health Canada reports that 9 out
of 10 lung cancer cases are
caused by smoking.
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Even when tobacco is
chewed it can cause
cancer – mouth, throat
and stomach cancer.
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Radiation can cause skin
cancer.
Are tanning beds safer than tanning in the
sun?
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ASR
121
71
62
22
20
16
14
13
12
10
ASR
106
49
41
19
14
14
12
10
8
8
ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year
NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005
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ASR
63
27
26
9
9
8
7
7
6
5
ASR
40
24
17
8
7
6
4
4
3
3
ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year
NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005
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1.Personal medical history
2.Hereditiy ( breast and colon cancer)
3.Exposure to carcinogens in the environment
4.Lifestyle choices: exercise and food choices
Question: Which factors are within your control?
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1.At home, as part of a routine self-examination
2.By a doctor, such as a pap test or blood test
3.As genetic testing, when there is a family history of
cancer
Question: Does screening guarantee you won’t get
cancer? Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer
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The earlier a cancer is diagnosed, the better the chances of
successful treatment.
Some diagnostic imaging techniques:
1.Endoscopy
– used mostly to diagnose cancers of the digestive tract
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2. X-rays
•Bones, lungs and breast tissues
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3. Ultrasound – use sound waves to take pictures of
soft tissue (heart and liver)
Baby Four chambers of heart
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4. CT scan – multiple x-rays put together by
computer to generate a 3-D image
Tiny spot of lung cancer
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5. MRI – radio waves and magnetic field create a 3-
D image even better than a CT scan
MRI – breast cancer
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1. Surgery – Physical removal of tumour
2. Chemotherapy – Drugs spread through the body to stop cancer
cells from dividing. As they “kill” cancer cells they can damage
healthy cells.
1.Radiation therapy – Radiation damages DNA. Beams of radiation
are directed at tumour, or radioactive sources are surgically
implanted in tumour.
4. Biophotonics (NEW) - uses beams of light to detect and treat
the cancer cells.
What are the PROS and CONS of each type of treatment?