“What’s Next in Fiber Optic DataWhat s Next in Fiber Optic Data Communications?”

John Kamino, RCDD – OFS

jkamino@ofsoptics.com

Agenda• Market Drivers

• Application Standards• Application Standards

• Cost Comparisons

• Future of Fiber

• ConclusionsConclusions

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Agenda• Market Drivers

• Application Standards• Application Standards

• Cost Comparisons

• Future of Fiber

• ConclusionsConclusions

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Average Monthly Network UsageSandvine Internet Global Phenomena ReportsSandvine Internet Global Phenomena Reports

https://www.sandvine.com/trends/global-internet-phenomena/

Internet Applications

Facebook September 2014 – 1 35 billion monthly users 864 million September 2014 1.35 billion monthly users, 864 million

daily users4

September 2014 – 1.12 billion monthly mobile users, 703 million daily average mobile users4

Netflix September 2014 – 53 million members1

1 http://ir.netflix.com/index.cfm4 http://newsroom.fb.com/Key-Facts

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What is happening todayCloud Computing Migration to hosted services

What is happening today

• Data Center Traffic – More traffic inside the data

center than in/out • Driven by more efficientDriven by more efficient

server utilization – virtual servers

• Traffic has moved from North-• Traffic has moved from North-South to East-West

Agenda• Market Drivers

• Application Standards• Application Standards

• Cost Comparisons

• Future of Fiber

• ConclusionsConclusions

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Evolution of Short Reach Applications

Ethernet Link Distance/Application Map

40G & 100G Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ba)Reach & Media: 40 Gb/s

− 10km on SMF (1310nm) [WDM] 40GBASE-LR4− 100m on OM3 MMF (850nm) [Parallel Fiber] 40GBASE-SR4− 150m on OM4 MMF (850 nm) [Parallel Fiber] 40GBASE-SR4

7m over copper 40GBASE-CR4− 7m over copper 40GBASE-CR4− 1m over backplane 40GBASE-KR4

100 Gb/s − 40km on SMF (1310nm) [WDM] 100GBASE-ER4− 10km on SMF (1310nm) [WDM] 100GBASE-LR4− 100m on OM3 MMF (850nm) [Parallel Fiber] 100GBASE-SR10

150 OM4 MMF (850 ) [P ll l Fib ] 100GBASE SR10

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− 150m on OM4 MMF (850nm) [Parallel Fiber] 100GBASE-SR10− 7m over copper 100GBASE-CR10

40G & 100G Ethernet (IEEE 802.3bm)

Additional Reach & Media: 40 Gb/s 40 Gb/s

− 30km on SMF (1310nm) [WDM] 40GBASE-ER4− 40km on SMF (1310nm) [WDM - engineered link] 40GBASE-ER4

100 Gb/s− 70m on OM3 MMF (850nm) [Parallel Fiber] 100GBASE-SR4− 100m on OM4 MMF (850nm) [Parallel Fiber] 100GBASE-SR4

Status: Publication expected in 1H2015

100m on OM4 MMF (850nm) [Parallel Fiber] 100GBASE SR4

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400 G Ethernet (IEEE802.3bs)Reach and Media At least 100 m over MMF 400GBASE-SR16 At least 100 m over MMF 400GBASE-SR16

At least 500 m over SMF ?

At least 2 km over SMF ? At least 2 km over SMF ?

At least 10 km over SMF ?

400 G Ethernet (IEEE802.3bs)Possible Single-mode Alternatives At least 500 m over SMFAt least 500 m over SMF

₋ 4 fibers x 2λ x 50G NRZ

₋ 4 fibers x 2λ x 50G PAM4

₋ 4 fibers x 1λ x 100G NRZ

₋ 4 fibers x 1λ x 100G DMT

400 G Ethernet (IEEE802.3bs)Possible Single-mode Alternatives At least 2 km over SMF

₋ 8λ x 50G NRZ

₋ 8λ x 50G PAM4

4λ x 100G PAM4₋ 4λ x 100G PAM4

₋ 4λ x 100G DMT

At least 10 km over SMF₋ 8λ x 50G NRZ

₋ 8λ x 50G PAM4

4λ x 100G DMT₋ 4λ x 100G DMT

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Timeline

Fibre Channel

Fibre Channel

• International Committee on Information Technology Standards (INCITS) T11 is responsible for Fibre Channel – T11.2 is the Task Group within Technical Committee

T11 responsible for all FC projects and parts of projects dealing with Fibre Channel Physical Variants

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Fibre Channel Link DistanceLink

Speed Media Type

4G FC OM4

8G FC 800-M5-SA-I

OM3/OM4

8G FC 800-M5-SN-I

OM4

16G FC OM4

OS1/OS2

32G FC OM4

Link 70 100 125 150 190 300 380 400 >400Distance 70m 100m 125m 150m 190m 300m 380m 400m >400m

Fibre Channel – 32 GFC Development

• FC-PI-6 Ad Hoc Group Work Complete

• ReachMultimode (850nm): 3200 M5(x) SN I– Work Complete

– Publication 1Q 2015?

– Data Rate: 3200MB/s

– Multimode (850nm): 3200-M5(x)-SN-I• 0.5-20m reach on OM2

• 0.5-70m reach on OM3 (E)/• Duplex transmission (1

transmit fiber, 1 receive fiber)

Backward compatible to 8 GFC

• 0.5-100m reach on OM4 (F)

– Single-mode (1300nm): 3200-SM-LC-L• 0 5-10 km reach– Backward compatible to 8 GFC

and 16 GFC• 0.5-10 km reach

– Copper: 3200-DF-EL-S, 3200-DF-EA-S

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Fibre Channel – 128 GFC Development

• 128GFC FC-PI-6P

1st d f T11 2 ti

• Current reach objectives

l d ( )– 1st round of T11.2 voting closed January 2015

• Next: T11 and ICITS letter

– Multimode (850nm): 128GFC-SW4• 60m on OM3 with 1.5dB connector loss

(70m with 1.0dB)ballots and comment resolution

– No breakout to 32 and

• 85m on OM4 with 1.5dB connector loss (100m with 1.0dB)

– Single-mode (1300nm):16GFC, so no backward compatibility

– Single-mode (1300nm):• 0.5 to 500m reach – 128GFC-PSM4

• 0.5 to 2000m reach – 128GFC-CWDM4

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Fibre Channel – 64/256 GFC Development

• 64 / 256GFC (FC-PI-7) – Single and Multi-Lane Standard

• Current reach objectivesLane Standard

– MRD* issued by FCIA December 2014

– Presentations and discussion to begin

– Multimode• 64GFC – 100 m (OM4)

• 256GFC – 100 m (OM4)in 2015

– Backward compatibility to 32GFC and 16GFC

256GFC 100 m (OM4)

– Single-mode • 64GFC – 10 km

16GFC

(*) Marketing Requirements Document

• 256GFC – 2 km

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Agenda• Market Drivers

• Application Standards• Application Standards

• Cost Comparisons

• Future of Fiber

• ConclusionsConclusions

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Cost implications (100 G)OM3

MultimodeOM4

MultimodeOS1

Single-mode

Distance 100m 150m 10 km

TransceiverPrice

C bl iCable price

Power use per port

5 w 5 w 12 w

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p p

Comparison between Single-mode and Multimode Fiber Systemsand Multimode Fiber Systems

Traditionally, optoelectronics have driven the cost difference between single-mode and multimode

• Single-mode CWDM system– Pro: Lower cabling cost– Pro: Longer reach– Con: Significantly higher transceiver cost

h– Con: Higher power consumption– Con: Larger size

• OM3 and OM4 multimode parallel systemsPro: Much lower transceiver cost using existing 10Gb/s and new 25Gb/s VCSELs– Pro: Much lower transceiver cost using existing 10Gb/s and new 25Gb/s VCSELs

– Pro: Lower power consumption– Pro: Smaller footprint– Con: Higher cabling cost– Con: Shorter reach for hyperscale data centerso S o te eac o ype sca e data ce te s

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Single-mode vs. Multimode40 & 100Gb/s Cost Comparison40 & 100Gb/s Cost Comparison

Transceiver Data: Mouser, Sept. 2014C bl D t PEPPM d t b J 2012Cable Data: PEPPM database June 2012

Single-mode vs. Multimode Module Size

• Significantly larger footprint for single-mode CFP module

• Much lower faceplate density• 4 single-mode modules in

1U footprint vs. 16-32 multimode modules!multimode modules!

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Agenda• Market Drivers

• Application Standards• Application Standards

• Cost Comparisons

• Future of Fiber

• ConclusionsConclusions

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Why higher speeds?High speed connections simplify the network

More interconnects and

Pictures presented by Adam Bechtel – Yahoo! Chief Architect IEEE 802.3 Plenary March 2007

More interconnects and switches required

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Possible Next Generation Solutions

• Multimode Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM)(CWDM)

• Multilevel Signaling

• Spatial Division Multiplexing (Multicore fibers)

CWDM• Cannot continue to increase fibers as bandwidth increases

– End user reluctant to run 2x16 – 32 fiber cables for a 400Gb/s /

• Multiple wavelengths used to reduce number of fibers

• Utilizes same simplex and multi-fiber connector technologyUtilizes same simplex and multi fiber connector technology

• Can provide duplex fiber 100Gb/s links

• Enables 400Gb/s transmission using 8-fiber technology• Enables 400Gb/s transmission using 8-fiber technology, currently adopted in 40Gb/s links

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Current CWDM application (non-standard Cisco BiDi)

40-Gbps QSFP BiDi Transceiver: Single Duplex LC cable

• Proprietary solution – not standards based– Operates at two different wavelengths - 850nm and 900nm

• 40 Gb/s over a duplex multimode cable – Familiar duplex LC interface

• In volume shipment today• Would benefit from higher modal bandwidth @ 900nm

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Current Multimode CWDM Objectives• Support 100Gb/s transmission on a

single fiber over 4 wavelengths – Duplex 100Gb/s links

– 8-fiber 400GB/s links

• Provide OM4 reach (100m, 28Gb/s ( , /transmission) over 850-950nm window– Reduce fiber count by 4xReduce fiber count by 4x

• Continue to support legacy 850nm OM4 applications

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Fiber Count Comparison

• Growth path from duplex 100Gb/s to 400Gb/s over eight fibers is an attractive proposition for end users– Provides a migration path to next generation 400G speeds without using 32-

fiber solution

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– 8-fiber solutions commonly used today for 40Gb/s

Initial Requirements for a CWDM Multimode Fiber

• Must retain 850nm application support.

• Must support at least 4 wavelengths.

• Wavelengths > 850nm benefit fromincreasing chromatic bandwidth.

• Low-cost WDM needs ~ 30nm spacing.

• Resulting target wavelength region: 850nm to at least 950nm.

• Modal BW improvement is needed to raise total bandwidth ≥ that at 840nm over spectrum of interest.

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Status• Standards

– Joint task group in TIA TR-42.11 and TR-42.12 to develop specification for Wide Band Multimode FiberWide-Band Multimode Fiber

• Participation from diverse groups, including those not normally associated with TIA-42, including

– IEC SC 86– IEC SC 86 – INCITS T11 Fibre Channel– IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

• Input from active components and OEM equipment suppliers important inInput from active components and OEM equipment suppliers important in developing specifications

• Goal for joint participation is that the TIA specification be mirrored by IEC 86A

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Broad Industry SupportSupport across entire system is necessary to drive this forward

• Fiber

• Structured Cabling

• Transceiver Suppliers

• Systems Suppliers

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Other options• Multilevel signaling

• Multicore• Multicore

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Multilevel signaling

• One Possible Solution– PAM-4

• Increases the bit rate 2x

• Currently under discussion in IEEE and FC for next generation solutions– Could leverage CWDM efforts to further expand fiber capacity– Discussion of possible 50Gb/s/lane rates

• Advanced modulation formats require higher receiver sensitivity than OOK– Have to accommodate “multiple eyes” within same vertical interval

/ C• Receiver sensitivity requirements can be reduced via Equalization and/or FEC

Spatial Division MultiplexingMulti-core TransmissionMulti core Transmission

Cladding Fiber Core

Agenda• Market Drivers

• Application Standards• Application Standards

• Cost Comparisons

• Future of Fiber

• ConclusionsConclusions

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Conclusions

• The need for higher bandwidth networks continues on

400Gb/ d i !• 400Gb/s speeds are coming!

• Next Generation CWDM multimode fiber is on the horizon

• More complex encoding schemes can be used to increase fiber capacity

• There is a shift to parallel transmission over multimode fiber with• There is a shift to parallel transmission over multimode fiber with MPO connections as network speeds exceed 10 Gb/s

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