What was our foreign policy for the first 100 years of our country’s

existence?

We were isolationists starting with

Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation (1793).

This was due to the fact that we were weak militarily and were

separated from Europe by the Atlantic Ocean.

What is imperialism?

Imperialism is when a strong country

attempts to influence the economic and political affairs of a weaker country.

What is economic imperialism?

Economic imperialism is when the United States got involved

in another country for economic reasons. Examples include controlling a place for its raw materials or as a place to trade. This idea went along

with dollar diplomacy as presented by Teddy Roosevelt,

which called for the U.S. to have its businesses go into a

country to try to gain influence there.

How did the United States gain trade in

Japan?

Commodore Matthew Perry was sent with

several warships in 1853. In 1854 Japan gave the U.S. trading privileges

because they realized the United States was much

more advanced than they were.

Who was William Seward?

Seward was the Secretary of State in the

1860’s. He bought Alaska for $7.2 million.

People ridiculed this calling it Seward’s Folly.

We later realized how great a purchase it was

because of the resources found in Alaska.

What were the reasons given for U.S.

expansion in the age of imperialism?

Expansion allowed the U.S. to increase trade. There was

also the desire to spread Christianity and democracy.

We had settled all of the land that is now the U.S. so

we now had to gain land elsewhere. There was also

competition with other countries. If we didn’t get

land then they would.

What Americans were most responsible for

the United States getting Hawaii?

We initially wanted Hawaii to use as a

refueling base for ships sailing to Asia. Sugar

planters came to Hawaii and led a revolt

in which the King of Hawaii signed a new

Constitution.

Did the Hawaiians want to be ruled by the

United States?

Queen Liliuokalani led a last ditch effort to

remove U.S. control in Hawaii. It was

unsuccessful and Hawaii was annexed in 1898 and became the

50th state in 1959.

What was going on in China in the late

1800’s?

China, once a powerful nation, had failed to

industrialize and fell prey to more powerful nations.

Many European countries and Japan

established spheres of influence, which were

areas where the country had special trading

privileges.

What about the United States?

The U.S. didn’t have a sphere of influence. As a way to get involved in the Chinese trade it proposed

the Open Door Policy. The Open Door Policy allowed a country to

trade in the sphere of influence of another

country.

What did the Chinese think of the Open Door

Policy?

They didn’t like the foreign intrusion. The

Righteous Fists of Harmony (Boxers) led an unsuccessful revolt

in which many Europeans were killed.

What was the Pan-American Union?

It was an agreement between Latin American countries and the United States to work together to solve problems. Latin Americans viewed this as an attempt by the U.S. to increase its trade in Latin

America.

What was going on in Cuba in the 1890’s?

Cuba was trying to throw off Spanish rule. Cuba was led by Jose Marti. The U.S. saw

Cuba as an important place for trade and saw their revolt as similar to ours from

Britain.

Did the United States get involved?

Yellow Journalists exaggerated the cruelty of the Spanish leader General Weyler. When the American warship the Maine was blown up they coined the phrase “Remember the Maine”

which got the U.S. citizens demanding war. The U.S. sent down troops to help the Cubans. The most famous

group involved were the Rough Riders, a mix of cowboys and college students

led by Teddy Roosevelt. The most famous victory was when the Rough Riders helped to take San Juan Hill.

What did the United States get after the

war?

Cuba was freed and the U.S. got Guam, the Philippines and Puerto

Rico.

What did the U.S. do in the Philippines?

We put down the revolution there just as the Spanish had been

doing. Emilio Aguinaldo was the Philippine leader who claimed they were doing the same the the

British Colonies had done 100 years earlier.

How did we get permission to build the

Panama Canal?

The U.S. offered Colombia $10 million

dollars plus $250,000 for the right to build the canal. When this was unsuccessful the U.S. backed up a revolt by

Panama and got permission from Panama

for the same deal.

What was the biggest obstacle in building the

canal?

The workers had to dig through lots of rocks

and hills but the biggest problem was

dealing with mosquitoes which

spread malaria and yellow fever.

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

This built upon the Monroe Doctrine(1823)

which told Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. The

Corollary said the U.S. could intervene to

preserve peace in Latin America. (and protect our business interests)

What was the Big Stick policy.

This was based upon the statement “Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.” What it meant was that the U.S. would say what was to

happen in South America and use force to back up

what we said if necessary.

What went on between the U.S. and Mexico in

the early 1900’s?

Mexico was in the midst of a series of revolutions. The U.S.

business interests were threatened. Then Mexicans killed soldiers in the Mexican port of Vera Cruz and Pancho

Villa invaded the United States and burnt villages. John

Pershing led a raid into Mexico which guaranteed poor

relationships between Mexico and the U.S.