What to Expect during the What to Expect during the Nov. 13/14, 2012 EclipseNov. 13/14, 2012 Eclipse

Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC

Presentation Copyright © 2005-2011by Bernie Volz, All rights reserved.

Last updated 02/09/2011

Path of Totality for Cairns, Australia area (Google Earth)

Cairns Local CircumstancesCairns Local Circumstances

16° 55' 20.7" S <—> -16.92242° 2m00.1s (total eclipse)145° 46' 51.5" E <—> 145.78096° Date: 11/13/2012 UT

Umbral depth : 70.29% Obscuration : 100.00%Magnitude at mid eclipse : 1.01305 Moon/Sun size ratio : 1.03712

Event (delta T=68.0s) Time (UT) Alt Azi P VStart of partial eclipse (C1): 19:44:44.7 +01.5° 108.6° 287° 10.8Start of total eclipse (C2): 20:38:33.7 +13.8° 105.2° 125° 04.3Mid eclipse: 20:39:33.6 +14.0° 105.1° 018° 08.0End of total eclipse (C3): 20:40:33.8 +14.2° 105.1° 271° 11.5End of partial eclipse (C4): 21:40:20.9 +28.1° 102.0° 108° 05.1

Local time is UT + 10 hours (C1 = 05:44:44.7, C2 = 06:38:33.7, Mid = 06:39:33.6, C3 = 06:40:33.8, C4 = 07:40:20.9).

Calculated via Xavier M. Jubier’s Solar Eclipse Calculator for Google Earth.

Mount Carbine Local Mount Carbine Local CircumstancesCircumstances

16° 31' 41.0" S <--> -16.52805° 2m03.3s (total eclipse)145° 07' 58.7" E <--> 145.13296° Date: 11/13/2012 UT

Umbral depth : 87.68% Obscuration : 100.00%Magnitude at mid eclipse : 1.01616 Moon/Sun size ratio : 1.03687

Event (delta T=68.0s) Time (UT) Alt Azi P VStart of partial eclipse (C1): 19:44:33.3 +00.7° 108.8° 287° 10.8Start of total eclipse (C2): 20:38:03.8 +13.0° 105.5° 115° 04.6Mid eclipse: 20:39:05.3 +13.2° 105.4° 018° 08.0End of total eclipse (C3): 20:40:07.1 +13.4° 105.3° 281° 11.2End of partial eclipse (C4): 21:39:30.8 +27.3° 102.4° 108° 05.1

Local time is UT + 10 hours (C1 = 05:44:33.3, C2 = 06:38:03.8, Mid = 06:39:05.3, C3 = 06:40:07.1, C4 = 07:39:30.8).

Calculated via Xavier M. Jubier’s Solar Eclipse Calculator for Google Earth.

First ContactFirst Contact

Moon begins to move Moon begins to move over Sun from Westover Sun from West

Starts at ~5:44:45 AM Starts at ~5:44:45 AM (about 10 minutes after (about 10 minutes after sunrise)sunrise)

Must observe sun with Must observe sun with filter!filter!

Good time to check and Good time to check and adjust mount tracking and adjust mount tracking and alignmentalignment

Watch for sunspotsWatch for sunspots

6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

First ContactFirst Contact

Crescent images of Crescent images of SunSun Natural pin-holes such Natural pin-holes such

as leaves on treesas leaves on trees Pin-holes in cardboardPin-holes in cardboard

Watch sky and Watch sky and environmentenvironment Gradually darkensGradually darkens Temperature dropsTemperature drops

8/11/1999 Hungary (Eric Pauer)

Mario Motta

~1 min Before Second Contact~1 min Before Second Contact

Shadow bandsShadow bands Are faint ripples of grayish Are faint ripples of grayish

light that wiggle briskly light that wiggle briskly across landscapeacross landscape

Similar to ripples seen at Similar to ripples seen at bottom of poolsbottom of pools

Caused by atmospheric Caused by atmospheric refractionrefraction

Occur about a minute Occur about a minute before Second Contactbefore Second Contact

Spread white sheet on Spread white sheet on ground to seeground to see

Usually not seen unless Usually not seen unless sky is crystal clearsky is crystal clear

Photos from http://www.liv.ac.uk/~ggastro/ES.obs.html

~Minute Before~Minute BeforeSecond ContactSecond Contact

Onrushing shadow Onrushing shadow from westfrom west ~Minute before ~Minute before

Second ContactSecond Contact Watch color and Watch color and

general appearancegeneral appearance

6/21/2001Zambia(Mario Motta)

6/30/1992 – Uruguay (Bernie Volz)

30 Seconds Before30 Seconds BeforeSecond ContactSecond Contact

Baily’s Beads (~6:38 Baily’s Beads (~6:38 AM)AM) Starts about 30 secs Starts about 30 secs

before Second before Second ContactContact

Last bit of sunlight Last bit of sunlight shines through the shines through the moon’s jagged edgemoon’s jagged edge

Filters off of cameras Filters off of cameras and telescopes!and telescopes!

6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

Last Seconds BeforeLast Seconds BeforeSecond ContactSecond Contact

Diamond RingDiamond Ring Last “baily’s bead”Last “baily’s bead” Lasts only a few Lasts only a few

seconds before seconds before Moon completely Moon completely covers the Suncovers the Sun

11/3/1994 - Bolivia

Second ContactSecond Contact Start of TOTALITY!Start of TOTALITY! Moon Moon completelycompletely

covers the Suncovers the Sun FILTERS OFF - Safe FILTERS OFF - Safe

to directly view totalityto directly view totality At site:At site:

~6:38:34 AM~6:38:34 AM Lasts for 2 minutesLasts for 2 minutes Sun/MoonSun/Moon

altitude of ~14°altitude of ~14° azimuth of ~105°azimuth of ~105°

11/3/1994 – Bolivia (Mario Motta)

TotalityTotality

The CoronaThe Corona What everyone is waiting What everyone is waiting

for!for! Best viewed with Best viewed with

binocularsbinoculars Look for streamersLook for streamers

and how far out they go and how far out they go (Sun/Moon are ~½°)(Sun/Moon are ~½°)

Each eclipse’s corona is Each eclipse’s corona is unique - study this one unique - study this one carefullycarefully

Look for polar brushes!Look for polar brushes!

11/3/1994 – Bolivia (Mario Motta)

6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

Baby Beach, Aruba2/26/1998

Bernie Volz

La Paz, Mexico7/11/1991

Bert Halstead, March 29th, 2006, Egypt, Composite

TotalityTotality

ProminencesProminences Red areas near solar Red areas near solar

(lunar) disk(lunar) disk May have none or may May have none or may

have severalhave several Depends on solar Depends on solar

activityactivity Likely many as Solar Likely many as Solar

Maximum expected Maximum expected May 2013May 2013

08/11/1999 - Hungary

Solar Cycle – Just before MaxSolar Cycle – Just before Max

TotalityTotality

Look around at the twilight skyLook around at the twilight skySaturn – Saturn – 1717°° to upper left of Sun (Alt 28 to upper left of Sun (Alt 28°°, Azi 93, Azi 93°°))Venus – Venus – 3131°° to upper left of Sun (Alt 40 to upper left of Sun (Alt 40°°, Azi 84, Azi 84°°))Mercury – Mercury – 88°° to lower left of Sun (Alt 6 to lower left of Sun (Alt 6°°, Azi 110, Azi 110°°))Jupiter – Jupiter – low in W/NW sky (Alt 6low in W/NW sky (Alt 6°°, Azi 294, Azi 294°°))

Stars (Sirius, Canopus, Procyon, Stars (Sirius, Canopus, Procyon, Caster/Pollux, Betelgeuse, Arcturus, Alpha Caster/Pollux, Betelgeuse, Arcturus, Alpha Centauri, …)Centauri, …)

ConstellationsConstellations

PlanisphereProjection ofSky duringTotality

Using The Sky X

To use, hold over your head with directions oriented properly.

Note that red bull’s eye is the zenith.

TotalityTotality Take in the environmentTake in the environment

Darkness of eclipseDarkness of eclipse Animal reactionsAnimal reactions Temperature dropTemperature drop Wind speedWind speed

2/26/1998 – Aruba (Peter Bealo)

7/11/1991Mexico

(Mike Terenzoni)

TotalityTotality

Don’t forget to take your photographsDon’t forget to take your photographsDon’t need “fast” film - ISO 100 is fineDon’t need “fast” film - ISO 100 is fineBracket, Bracket, Bracket!Bracket, Bracket, Bracket!For Mercury - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/125For Mercury - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/125For Venus - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/500For Venus - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/500

Don’t forget to LOOKDon’t forget to LOOKYou only have 2 minutes!You only have 2 minutes!

Field of View and Sun’s Image Size Field of View and Sun’s Image Size vs Focal Length (35mm film)vs Focal Length (35mm film)

35 mm 100 mm (Bernie Volz)

270 mm 1000 mm (Mario Motta)

Field of View and Sun’s Image Size Field of View and Sun’s Image Size vs Focal Length (35mm film)vs Focal Length (35mm film)

Solar Eclipse Exposure GuideSolar Eclipse Exposure Guide

Third ContactThird Contact

Moon no longer completely covers SunMoon no longer completely covers SunSame transition, but in reverse, as from Same transition, but in reverse, as from

First to Second ContactFirst to Second ContactDiamond RingDiamond RingBaily’s BeadsBaily’s BeadsFILTERS ON!!FILTERS ON!!Retreating shadow (East)Retreating shadow (East)Shadow bandsShadow bands 6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

Fourth ContactFourth Contact

Eclipse Ends (~07:40 AM)Eclipse Ends (~07:40 AM)Moon has moved eastward completely off the Moon has moved eastward completely off the

SunSun

6/21/2001 – Zambia (Bernie Volz)

2/26/1998 – Aruba (Bernie Volz)

08/11/1999 10:20 UT

08/11/1999 10:50 UT

08/11/1999 11:20 UT