What single activity occupies more of your time than anything else?

Sleep

• Circadian RhythmBiological clock (our bodies synchronize

with the 24 hour cycle)

• As a person moves from a waking state to deep sleep, complex changes in the electrical activity of the brain occurMeasured by an EEG

(Electroencephalogram)

Beta Waves

•Person is awake

•Short, quick waves

Alpha Waves:

•Person is relaxed

•Slower than beta waves

Theta Waves:

•Person is in a light sleep

•Slower than alpha waves

Delta Waves:

•Person is in a deep sleep

•Slowest of the waves

REM Waves:

•Person is dreaming

•Person is in a deep sleep

•Similar to beta waves(short and quick waves)

Sleep Onset

•Period between awake and sound asleep

•Have control of thoughts but they are confused

•Temperature begins to drop

SLEEP ONSET

•Temperature begins to drop

•Breathing becomes lighter

•Pulse rate slows

•Brain is relaxing

•Vision path is cut off

•Alpha Waves

Stage 1 Sleep:•Lightest sleep stage (5 mins)

•Body muscles relax

•Brain loses sense of time•Brief dreamlike images - fantastic

hallucinations: falling, weightlessness

•Alpha waves

Stage 2 Sleep:•Deeper sleep (15 mins)

•Body temperature, heart rate, respiration decrease

•Eyes begin move side to side

•Theta waves

Stage 3 Sleep:

•Deeper sleep (20 mins)

•Dreams can take place, but will not remembered

•Delta waves

Stage 4 Sleep:

•Deepest sleep (20 mins)

•Restore brain’s chemicals

•“Dead to the world”

•Sleep walking/bed wetting

•Delta waves

“Climbing the Ladder”

•Once you reach the top, you climb back down through the stages•1-2-3-4-3-2-REM-2-3-4-3-2-REM-

2-3-2-REM-2-REM-2-REM-2-REM-2-REM-…

Stage 5 Sleep:•REM - rapid eye movement

•Eye moves wildly side to side

•Brain is alert- body is “dead”

•Stage 5 gets longer each time you pass through it

•Most vivid dreams occur and can be remembered

•Beta-like waves

Sleep Disorders• Do you ever have trouble falling asleep

or staying asleep?40% of adults report having problems with

their sleep cycle Insomnia- recurring problems in falling or

staying asleepThree types of Insomnia

A. Drug dependency insomnia B. Idiopathic Insomnia C. Clinical Insomnia

Strategies to help you fall asleep!

• 1. Sleep restriction

• 2. Stimulus control

• 3. Relaxation response trainingReading something pleasant or relaxingWarm bathMassage…..

• If you can’t sleep and none of these work, GET OUT OF BED!!!!!

Sleep Disorders

• 2. Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)Occurs in Stage 4 sleepDifficult in wakingAmnesia following an episodeUsually once per month20% of population prone to sleepwalkingMore common in children and with boysGenetic tendency

Sleep Disorders

• 3. Incubus Attacks (Night Terrors)Sudden arousal from sleep with a piercing

scream or cryRacing pulse, powerful feelings of fear,

person feels chokedOccurs during Stage 4NOT a NIGHTMARE!!!!!

Sleep Disorders• 4. Sleep Bruxism

Grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep

Abnormal wear of the teeth, sounds of grinding, jaw muscle discomfort

• 5. Nocturnal MyoclonusPeriodic and repeated episodes of body

twitching all through the night

Sleep Disorders

• 6. Hypersomnia (Klein-Levin Syndrome)Excessive SleepinessDifficulty in awakening

• 7. NarcolepsySuddenly fall asleep in the midst of waking

activitiesFall asleep without realizing it

Sleep Disorders

• 8. RLS (Restless Leg Syndrome)Uncomfortable sensations in legs

Crawling, tingling, painFeel compelled to move legs

• 9. EnuresisUnable to sleep through the night without

wetting the bedAbnormally small bladders or sleep too

deeply

Sleep Disorders

• 10. Sleep ApneaBrief periods throughout the night in which

breathing stopsTwo types

ObstructiveCentral

Excessive weightSnoring

Sleep Disorders

• 11. Sleep ParalysisWaking and not being able to move for a short

period of timeUsually occurs out of REM sleep

• 12.FibromyalgiaCauses widespread pain and stiffness in

muscles and jointsCannot sleep b/c of painChronic daytime fatigue

Sleep Disorders

• 13. Nocturnal Sleep Related Eating Disorder (NS-RED)

Eat food during night while they appear to be asleep

Cannot remember-Stage 4 of SleepWill eat anything!

Crisco, Sticks of butter, cigarette butts