what is this an example of? indo-european migrations: 4m-2m bce the middle east: “the crossroads...

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Page 1: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 2: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

What is this an example of?What is this an example of?

Page 3: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”
Page 4: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE

Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE

The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Page 5: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area

The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area

The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

Page 6: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

The Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent

• Nomadic herders, ambitious invaders, and traders Nomadic herders, ambitious invaders, and traders easily overcame the few natural barriers across the easily overcame the few natural barriers across the Fertile Crescent.   Fertile Crescent.   

• --As a result, the region became a crossroads where As a result, the region became a crossroads where people and ideas met and mingledpeople and ideas met and mingled    

• -Each new group that came, made its own -Each new group that came, made its own contributions to the region.contributions to the region.

Page 7: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

SumeriansSumerians

Page 8: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

SumerSumer

Page 9: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

• The Sumerians were The Sumerians were polytheistic, what does this polytheistic, what does this mean???mean???

Page 10: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

The First CitiesThe First Cities

• Sumerian cities were often rectangular in shape Sumerian cities were often rectangular in shape surrounded by high, wide walls   surrounded by high, wide walls   

• --the largest buildings were ziggurats the largest buildings were ziggurats which were pyramid temples that which were pyramid temples that soared towards the heavens.soared towards the heavens.

• -Rulers lived in magnificent palaces with spacious -Rulers lived in magnificent palaces with spacious courtyards   courtyards   

• -most people lived in tiny houses-most people lived in tiny houses

Page 11: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

The Sumerian city-state of Ur contained an enormous mountain temple, known as a ziggurat, to honor the moon-

god, Nanna.

Page 12: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

                         

                      

                    

                

Page 13: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic

Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic

Enki

Enki

Innana

Innana

Anthropomorphic Gods

Anthropomorphic Gods

Page 14: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Mesopotamian TradeMesopotamian Trade

“The Cuneiform World”

“The Cuneiform World”

Page 15: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

Page 16: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Cuneiform WritingCuneiform Writing

Page 17: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Deciphering Cuneiform

Deciphering Cuneiform

Page 18: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Sumerian ScribesSumerian Scribes

“Tablet House” “Tablet House”

Page 19: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Sumerian Cylinder Seals

Sumerian Cylinder Seals

Page 20: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Page 21: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

GilgameshGilgamesh

Page 22: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Gilgamesh Epic Tablet:Flood Story

Gilgamesh Epic Tablet:Flood Story

Page 23: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Ziggurat at UrZiggurat at Ur

Temple

“Mountain of the Gods”

Temple

“Mountain of the Gods”

Page 24: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Mesopotamian HarpMesopotamian Harp

Page 25: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

GovernmentGovernment

• Sumer included many independent city-Sumer included many independent city-statesstates

• City-State City-State A city state was sovereign, A city state was sovereign, although many cities were joined in although many cities were joined in formal or informal leagues under a high formal or informal leagues under a high king.king.

• war leaders usually turned into rulerswar leaders usually turned into rulers

Page 26: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Board Game From UrBoard Game From Ur

Page 27: What is this an example of? Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills

at Ur

Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills

at Ur