What is the Holocaust?

The Holocaust refers to a specific event in 20th Century history: the state-sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945.

• Jews were the primary victims and six million were murdered. However, Gypsies, the handicapped, and Poles were also targeted for destruction or decimation for racial, ethnic, or national reasons.

Millions more, including homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Soviet prisoners of war,

and political dissidents, also suffered oppression and death under the Nazis.

Democratic institutions and values are not automatically sustained but need to be appreciated, nurtured, and

protected.

Silence and indifference to the suffering of others, or to the infringement of civil rights in any society, can--however unintentionally--serve to perpetuate the problems.

• The Holocaust was not an accident in history. It occurred because individuals, organizations, and governments made choices that not only legalized discrimination but that allowed prejudice, hatred, and ultimately mass murder to occur.

The Holocaust was a watershed event, not only in the 20th Century, but in the entire history of humanity.

More Than 6 Million Killed

• By learning about the Holocaust, you will develop an awareness of the value of diversity and be encouraged to be tolerant of differences in a diverse society.

• You will explore the dangers of remaining silent, apathetic, and indifferent in the face of others’ oppression.

Guantanamo Prisoners today

You will become aware of how a modern nation can utilize technological expertise and bureaucratic infrastructure to implement destructive policies ranging from social engineering to genocide.

You will begin to think about the use and abuse of power, and the role and responsibilities of individuals, organizations, and nations when confronted with civil rights violations and/or policies of genocide.

Genocide today in Darfur

You will become aware that one’s responsibility as a citizen in a democracy is to learn to identify the danger signals, and to know when to react.

Factors That Contributed to the Holocaust:

1. Racism, combined with centuries-old

bigotry

• Nationalistic fervor

Germany’s defeat in World War I

Germany’s humiliation following the Treaty of

Versailles

Map of Europe after WWI

Note the creation of Poland and the loss of land to Germany

Worldwide economic hard times

The Homeless in New York City during the Great Depression

The Ineffectiveness of the Weimar Republic

International Indifference

President Hoover’s National Origins Act curbed immigration into the USA down to 150,000/year (due to the economic effects of the Great Depression.

• The political charisma, militaristic inclusiveness, and manipulative propaganda of Adolf Hitler’s Nazi regime

The Holocaust did not have to happen!

• It happened because individuals, groups, and nations made decisions to act or not to act.

• There were “bystanders,” “collaborators,” “perpetrators,” and “rescuers.”

Now, let’s put the pieces of the puzzle all together so you get the

whole picture of the event that became known as the Holocaust.*

• “Holocaust” means a burnt offering to God, and this name was given to this historical event by Elie Wiesel.