what is the global water challenge? laura keating global strategy institute center for strategic and...
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What is the Global Water Challenge?What is the Global Water Challenge?
Laura KeatingGlobal Strategy Institute
Center for Strategic and International Studies
March 23, 2007
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Parameters
Challenges
Solutions
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The Global Water Challenge:
PARAMETERS
The Global Water Challenge:
PARAMETERS
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1960 1990 2025
Africa
Asia
MEast & NAfrica
Th
ou
san
d m
3
World
Per Capita Water Availability
SCARCITY
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SCARCITY
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SCARCITY
80%80%
90%90%
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ACCESS
1.1 BILLION
2.6 BILLION
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United Nations Development Program:
“Not having access to clean
water” is a euphemism for
profound deprivation.
ACCESS
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Populations without access to improved
drinking water sources in 2002
(millions of people)Source: Millennium Assessment Program
Africa (295)
Western Asia (23)
Southeast Asia (115)
South Asia (234)
East Asia (303)
Latin America & Caribbean (60)
Eurasia (20)
Developed Regions (15)
Oceania (3)
ACCESS
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Chinese SEPA: Chinese SEPA:
more than more than 70%70% of water in of water in five out of sevenfive out of seven major water major water
systems is systems is too polluted for human usetoo polluted for human use
QUALITY
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QUALITY
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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:
5%-25%5%-25% current use is
unsustainableunsustainable
ECOSYSTEMS
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ACCESSSCARCITY
QUALITYECOSYSTEMS
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The Global Water Challenge:
COSTS
The Global Water Challenge:
COSTS
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Human Development Challenge
Economic Challenge
Security Challenge
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•Gathering Water
•10-60 minutes per day
•Uganda: 660 hours/family
•Africa: 40 billion working hours
Human Development Human Development
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Human Development Human Development
•Water-related Disease
•50% of developing world’s hospital beds
•1.8 million diarrheal deaths
•17% of all child mortality
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Human Development Human Development
Text
10-year-old girl in El Alto, Bolivia:
“Of course I wish I were in school. I want to learn to read and to
write... but how can I? My mother needs me to
get water and the standpipe here is only open from 10-12. You
have to get in line early because so many
people come here.”
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Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
$170 billion = 2.6%$170 billion = 2.6%
$23.5 billion$23.5 billion
$29 billion$29 billion
sub-Saharan sub-Saharan AfricaAfrica
Latin Latin AmericaAmerica
$34 billion$34 billion
$66 billion$66 billion
South South AsiaAsia
East AsiaEast Asia
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Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
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Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
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Economic ChallengeEconomic Challenge
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Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for
fighting over”
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Water Conflict
Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
Water’s Importan
ce+ Water
Trends =
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Conflict or Collaboration?Global number & type of events related to international river basins,
1948-1998
Extensive
military act
Small-scale
military act
Political/military hostile action
Diplomatic/
economic hostile action
Strong official verbal
hostility
Mild official verbal
hostility
Neutral non-
significant act
Mild verbal
support
Official verbal
supportCultural/ scientific agreeme
nt or support
Economic/
Technical agreeme
nt or support
Military econ.
strategic support
Intl. water treaty
ConflictCollaboratio
n
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Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
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Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
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Security ChallengeSecurity Challenge
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The Global Water Challenge:
SOLUTIONS
The Global Water Challenge:
SOLUTIONS
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Mobilize Mobilize technologitechnologi
eses
1
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Integrated Integrated Water Water
Resource Resource ManagemenManagemen
tt
2
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Rational Rational pricingpricing
3
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Multilateral Multilateral cooperatiocooperatio
nn
4
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ConclusionConclusion
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www.csis.orgwww.csis.org/gsi/
global_waters_future/
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What is the Global Water Challenge?
What is the Global Water Challenge?
Laura KeatingGlobal Strategy Institute
Center for Strategic and International Studies
March 23, 2007