What is the difference between how plants and humans get food?

(Use a compound sentence with AND, BUT, or OR)

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

• Autotrophs – make their own food so they are called PRODUCERS

• Heterotrophs – get their food from another source so they are called CONSUMERS

Two Main forms of Energy for Autotrophs

• Sunlight– The main source of energy

for life on earth– Photosynthesis

• Chemical – Some organisms such as

bacteria, rely on the energy stored in inorganic compounds

– Chemosynthesis

Types of ConsumersHerbivores- only eat plants Carnivores - only eat animals

Omnivores- eat plants AND animals

Decomposers

Feeds on plant and animal remains

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Organisms that can make glucose

during photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS.

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Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS.

Consumers that eat producers to get energy:

•Are primary consumers

•Are herbivores (plant-eaters)

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Most of the energy the primary consumer gets

from the producer is used by the consumer.

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Some of that energy moves into the atmosphere as heat.

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Some energy in the primary consumer is

STORED

This energy is available for another consumer (predator).

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A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Energy:

•Secondary Consumers

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Most of the energy the secondary

consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the secondary

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-Some of the energy is lost as heat

-some energy is stored and can be passed on to another consumer.

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A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer:

•Tertiary Consumer

Consumers that eat producers & other consumers

•Are called omnivore

s•Omnivore

s eat plants and

animals

Consumers that eat other dead consumers

are called scavengers

Feeding Relationships• Food Chain – steps of

organisms transferring energy by eating & being eaten

• Food Web – network of all the food chains in an ecosystem

Food Web

How does that energy flow through an ecosystem?

• Energy flows through an ecosystem in ONE direction– sun or chemicals

– autotrophs

– heterotrophs

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Energy Pyramids

•Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers

•Amount of available energy decreases down the food chain (or as you go up in the pyramid)

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Energy Pyramids

•It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers•It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers

Ecological Pyramids

Energy Pyramid

Biomass Pyramid

Pyramid of Numbers

Trophic Level – each step in a food chain or food web

Pyramid of Energy – amount of energy available at each trophic level

• Most of the energy is used by the organisms for life processes

• Some of the energy is lost as heat

Only 10% of the energy from each trophic level is passed on to the next level

Why are nutrients important ?

95% of your body is made of…

1) OXYGEN

2) CARBON

3) HYDROGEN

4) NITROGEN

• Every living organism needs nutrients to build tissues and carry out essential life functions.

Availibility of nutrients

• If a nutrient is in short supply, it will limit an organism’s growth. It is called a limiting nutrient

• When a limiting nutrient is dumped into a lake or pond, an algal bloom occurs and can disrupt the ecosystem

Exit Ticket (Assessment Grade)

• Explain why only 10% of the energy from an organism gets transferred the the next level in an energy pyramid

• Use complete sentences!!!