what is texture analysis? - lab · pdf filematerials have low cohesiveness. ... gelatin...

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Primary CharacteristicsPARAMETER SENSORIAL DEFINITION INSTRUMENTAL DEFINITION

HARDNESS

SPRINGINESS

ADHESIVENESS

COHESIVENESS

Force required to compress a food between molars. Dened as force necessary to attain given deformation.Rate at which a deformed material goes back to its undeformed condition after deforming force is removed.

The work necessary to overcome the attractive forces between the surface of the food and the surface of other materials with which the food comes into contact (e.g. tongue, teeth, palate). Work required to pull food away from a surface.The strength of internal bonds making up the body of the product (greater the value the greater the cohesiveness)

Peak force of the rst compression cycle.

Height that the food recovers during the time that elapses between the end of the rst bite and the start of the second bite.The negative area for the rst bite, representing the work necessary to pull compressing probe away from sample.

The ratio of positive force during the second to that of the rst compression cycle (downward strokes only)

*Parameters utilized in determining the manner in which a food handles and behaves in the mouth. PARAMETERS AS DENOTED WITHIN ORIGINAL SZCZESNIAK et al (1963) AND BOURNE (1978) TPA WORK

Secondary CharacteristicsPARAMETER SENSORIAL DEFINITION INSTRUMENTAL DEFINITION

BRITTLENESS(Fracture force)

GUMMINESS

CHEWINESS

The first significant break in the first compression cycle.

Calculated parameter: Product of Hardness x Cohesiveness

Calculated Parameter: Product of Gumminess x Springiness (essentially primary parameters of Hardness x Cohesiveness x Springiness)

Force at which a material fractures. Related to the primary parameters of hardness and cohesiveness, where brittle materials have low cohesiveness. Not all foods fracture and thus value may relate to hardness if only single peak is present. Brittle foods are never adhesive.Energy required to disintegrate a SEMI-SOLID food product to a state ready for swallowing. Related to foods with low hardness levels.Energy required to chew a SOLID food product to a state where it is ready for swallowing. attribute is di�cult to quantify precisely due to complexities of mastication (shear, compression, tearing and penetration).

BROOKFIELD TEXTURE ANALYZER

What is texture analysis?Texture analysis is primarily concerned with the evaluation of mechanical characteristics where a material is subjected to a controlled force from which a deformation curve of its response is generated. These mechanical characteristics in food can be further sub-divided into primary and secondary sensory characteristics which have proven to be correlated to sensory perception.

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Brookfield now offers a complete bath system for processing gelatin samples in batches of 12 Bloom bottles. This system complies with GMIA and GME gelatin processing requirements, and the Brookfield Bloom bottles are recognized by both organizations.

Why measure texture?Consumer products succeed in the marketplace in part because their “textural characteristics” are pleasing to customers. This is certainly true with food products but it also applies to cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, packaging, industrial materials and even adhesive type materials.

Why Choose Brookfield?Brookfield Engineering is recognized around the world as offering high quality measurement instruments at an affordable price. Unsurpassed customer support is but one more reason to choose a Brookfield product when you are considering a viscometer, rheometer, texture analyzer or a powder flow tester.

The Brookfield Texture Department can also provide customers with complete texture assessment service. We specialize in the development of novel and innovative test applications and accessories for solid and semi-solid materials, enabling our customers to maximize the practical value of their texture studies within all test environments.

The CT3 Texture Analyzer utilizes uni-axial compression and tension forces in combination with a selection from our list of probes, grips and fixtures to test a wide variety of food, personal care products and industrial materials. Most tests desire to imitate conditions imposed on these products during manufacture, handling, and consumption or use. Characterizing the physical properties of your products in such an analytical manner provides “real life” insight and can be invaluable toward maintaining consistent, high quality manufacturing while minimizing cost.

Brookfield’s compact design of the CT3 has a long heritage of more than 20 years dating from the Stevens gelatin bloom tester. The CT3 still contains the Bloom test method and we offer the complete gelatin bath preparation system along with industry approved Bloom bottles.

ApplicationsQuality Control, Product Development and R & D

Ripeness Fracture ForceYield Point ElasticitySpreadability HardnessTackiness Cohesiveness Consistency Burst Strength Relaxation Breaking PointPliability Gel StrengthAdhesiveness Apparent ModulusChewiness Gumminess

Properties Measured

FoodDairy Yogurt Butter Cheese

Bakery Dough Bread Pastry

Snack Foods Chips Granola Bars Confections

Meat Beef Poultry Seafood

Fruit and vegetables

CosmeticsLipstickMascaraPowdercompactsEye liner pencils Creams Soap bars

PharmaceuticalsGelatins

Tablet hardness

Ointment

Adhesive dressing

MaterialsPackaging

Adhesives

Caulking

Rubber

Grease

Wax

52 T: 800.628.8139 or 508.946.6200 F: 508.946.6262 www.brookfieldengineering.com

BROOKFIELD TEXTURE ANALYZER

CT3™ Texture Analyzer compression and tension testing for rapid QC analysis

Standard Test ModesNormal Test:a single compression cycleHold Time Test:compress and holdCycle Count Test: compress multiple timesBloom Test:gelatin bloom strength testTPA Test:texture profile analysisTension Test:tensile testingStatic Load Test:calibration check

Tension Modeprovides tensile testing capability

Increased Probe Travel Distance with more space for larger samples

An extensive history and customer input have contributed

to the development of the most powerful, low cost, stand-alone

Texture Analyzer ever produced. With six test modes (plus

calibration check) and a wide choice of accessories, no other

texture analyzer has ever done so much without a computer

and software!

Choice of Base Tablesallows for larger samples and

more accessory choices

Easy-to-Use Intuitive Controls

Rotary Base Table

Fixture Base Table

Additional Load CellsSeven measurement ranges up to 50kg

Easy-to-Read Backlit Display

Texture Loader software allows adding up to ten custom tests to suit your everyday applications

Texture Loader

USB Computer Interface

TA-BT-KIT

TA-RT-KIT

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ALL CT3 MODEL SPECIFICATIONS0-100g/0.01g0-1000g/0.10g0-1500g/0.20g0-4500g/0.50g1-10000g/1.0g1-25000g/2.0g2-50000g/5.0g

CT3-100CT3-1000CT3-1500CT3-4500CT3-10kgCT3-25kgCT3-50kg

MODELLoad Range/Resolution*

g = grams kg = kilograms

*Accuracy = ±0.5% Full Scale Range (FSR) mm = millimeter s = seconds

0.01-0.1mm/s (increments 0.01mm/s)

0.1 - 10mm/s (increments 0.1mm/s)

±0.1% of setpoint

0-100mm0.01mm0.1mm

Speed: Range

AccuracyPosition: Range Resolution Accuracy

Cylinder Probe

Junior Punch Accessory

Adjustable Vice Jig Small ScaleShear Blade

TexturePro CT SoftwareOptionalCollect data and perform detailed data analysis with real-time graphic plotting.

Easily create custom reports and graphs right from the menu screen.• Sample identifi cation set-up screen helps new operators quickly get started; test fi elds outline a variety of parameters• Intuitive set up for test methods and database fi le structures in a single window• Data is captured as a graph and stored in tabular database format• Advanced data analysis with built-in parameter calculations such as springiness, chewiness, hardness and much more!

What’s Included?Instrument with choice of load cell

NEW Texture Loader Software

USB Cable

Optional AccessoriesThe CT3 has a wide variety of probes, fi xtures and jigs which enable it to be very versatile. Brookfi eld can also custom design a fi xture and probe for most applications.

Choice of Base Table

TexturePro CT Software TA-CT-PAD-AY

Gelatin Bath System for sample conditioning

Bloom Jar - industry approved TA-GBB-2

Temperature Probe DVP-94Y

Bubble Level TA-LVL

Calibration Weight Set

The probes and fi xtures shown here are just a small selection from our optional accessories. Brookfi eld can develop custom equipment to meet most any texture measurement application.

Ottawa Cell

AOAC Probe (Bloom Gel Test)

Snap Test Jig Dual Grip Assembly

Extrusion Cell

T: 800.628.8139 or 508.946.6200 F: 508.946.6262 www.brookfieldengineering.com

CT3 Texture Analyzer Accessories, Probes, Fixtures and Jigs

BROOKFIELD TEXTURE ANALYZERS

ACCESSORIES FOR ROTARY BASE TABLE

TA-RT-KIT ROTARYBASETABLERound base table provides quick and easy height adjustment to accommodate various samples. Acces-sories listed below are mounted onto this table to fa-cilitate special sample holding requirements. Includes pair of T-bolts for securing table.

The following are accessories are for use with the rotary base table: TA-ATT ADHESIVETACKTESTER

Small scale assembly for testing adhesive strength TA-AVJ ADJUSTABLEVICEJIG

Small scale assembly for sample positioning TA-BEC BACKEXTRUSIONCELL

Small scale back extrusion testing consisting of 3 containers with internal dimensions of 38.1mm di-ameter, 24mm deep; includes one 25.4mm diameter probe

TA-JTPB JUNIORTHREEPOINTBENDASSEMBLY

Small scale three point bend assembly for fracture test of brittle materials. Probe used with this accy, TA7 Knife Edge Blade, is included in General Probe Kit TA-P-KIT2. Otherwise, please order TA7 sepa-rately.

TA-JPA JUNIORPUNCHASSEMBLY

Small scale accessory for controlled puncture testing of solid materials. Probe used with this accy, TA10, is included in General Probe Kit TA-P-KIT2. Other-wise, order TA10 separately.

Rotary Base Table

Don't see what you need? Brookfield can design fixtures, probes and jigs to hold products of all shapes and sizes and to perform a variety of texture tests. Please call to discuss your application.

Fixture Base Table

Accessories, Probes, Fixtures and Jigs

TA-RT-5 T-BOLTS(2)

TA-RT-3 THUMBNUT(2)

T-bolts - used for securing base tables and grips to instrument base.

ACCESSORIES FOR FIXTURE BASE TABLE

TA-BT-KIT FIXTUREBASETABLERectangular base table with removable insert which is used as a test surface. With insert removed, all below accessories mount onto this table. Pair of T-bolts for securing table are included.

The following are accessories for use with the fixture base table: TA-CJ CONFECTIONERYJIG

Simple support jig used to permit the accu-rate positioning of irregular shaped samples beneath the travelling beam. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT

TA-DE DOUGHEXTENSIBILITYJIG

Comprising of 2 aluminium plates - 1 with 25.4mm hole and 1 with 38.1mm hole com-plete with upper fixing plates to hold del of sample. For use with TA18* and TA43* probes respectively. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT

TA-DEC DUALEXTRUSIONCELLFORBOTH BACKANDFORWARDEXTRUSION

Allows back extrusion and forward extrusion. Cylindrical cell 40mm diameter and 50mm in depth. Forces a semi-solid sample through an outlet of known geometry. Complete with 4 plungers of 34mm, 36mm, 38mm and 39.9mm in diameter and interchangeable base plates with apertures of 8mm, 6mm, 4mm, 2mm and one blank. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT



TA-DGA DUALGRIPASSEMBLY

These are multipurpose general jigs for ten-sile type testing. The fixtures utilize a univer-sal fitting enabling 360º rotation for compre-hensive test configuration. The 25mm wide grips are fitted with rubber inserts to maxi-mise contact adhesion with sample and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick. Each grip clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews.

TA-DSJ DOUGHSTICKINESSJIG

Special sample fixture for assessing the stick-iness of uncooked bakery dough. Requires Std Base Table TA-BT-KIT and TA3/1000 or TA11/1000* Probe.

TA-FMBRA FMBRADOUGHPOTSET

Standard accessory used in the preparation of dough samples prior to textural assessment. The set comprises of two test cells and two plungers: An aeration plunger and a compact-ing plunger. A known weight of sample is placed in the pot and the aeration plunger is used to remove air pockets through gentle rotation. The dough is then assessed for firmness using a 6mm in diameter stainless steel probe. Includes Dough Aerator, Dough Compactor & 2 Containers.

TA-JMPA JUNIORMULTIPLEPROBEASSEM-BLY

Small scale multiple probe assembly consist-ing of nine 2mm probes and corresponding base plate specifically designed to hold small samples of irregular geometry. Requires Fix-ture Base Table TA-BT-KIT



TA-OC OTTAWACELLThe Ottawa cell follows principles of the Ottawa Test Measurement System (OTMS). An acrylic fronted test cell and correspond-ing plunger are used to compress and extrude samples. Test samples are extruded by the travelling plunger. Complete With 3 Plates and 2 Plungers for forward and back extru-sion. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT

TA-VBJ VOLODKEVITCHBITEJAWS

Compression test used to simulate the shear-ing action of the front incisors as they bite through a food item, generating an indication of sample toughness or fibrousness. Consist-ing of both upper and lower jaws, the com-pressive movement of the travelling beam imitates the human “biting action”. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT

TA-WSP WIRESHEARPLATE

Aluminium plate with aperture to pass wire cutting blade through for shear type testing. Used with TA 53 cutting wire. Requires Fix-ture Base Table TA-BT-KIT

TA-SB SETOF4SHEARBLADES

Including Warner Bratzler test jig complete with slotted base. The blade set includes four shear blades, firmly held within a specially designed blade holder. The jig is utilized in the measurement of shearing and cutting forces, as the blades pass through a sample. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT

TA-CTP COMPRESSIONTOPPLATERectangular plate 150mm X 100mm, used for compressing large samples. Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT is normally used to support sample while testing with this large compres-sion plate.



T-BOLTSTA-RT-5 T-BOLT(2)

TA-RT-3 THUMBNUT(2)

SELECTED PROBE KITS

TA-P-KIT2 RECOMMENDEDGENERALPROBEKIT

Includes the following probes: 60 degree cone TA2/1000; 12.7mm cylindrical (BS std) TA5; 60mm wide knife edge TA7; 1.0mm dia needle TA9; 12.7mm cylindrical (AACC std) TA10; 25.4mm cylindrical (AOAC std) TA11/1000; 45 degree cone TA15/1000; 30 degree cone TA17; 12.7mm ball TA18; 50.8mm cylinder TA25/1000; 0.33mm cut-ting wire TA26; 2mm rod TA39; 38.1mm cylinder TA4/1000; 6mm cylindrical TA41; 25.4mm ball TA43; 4mm cylinder TA44 and TA-PCC

TA-P-KIT3 CURDPROBEKIT

Includes the following probes: 5mm disc TA46; 8mm disc TA-47; 10mm disc TA48 and storage case.

CYLINDER / ROD PROBES * included in TA-P-KIT2 TA3/100 25.4mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm (Low mass for CT3100)

TA3/1000 25.4mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.

TA4/100 38.1mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm. (Low mass for CT3100)


TA4/1000*38.1mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBEClear Acrylic 26g. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.

TA5*12.7mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Black Delrin 5g. 35mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.

TA6 6.35mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Black Delrin. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm. . (Low mass for CT3100)

TA10*12.7mmCYLINDERPROBE

Clear Acrylic 5g. 35mm length with sharp edge. Gelatin Bloom Probe

TA11/100 25.4mmAOACSTANDARDCYLINDERPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. (Low mass for CT3100)

TA11/1000*25.4mmAOACSTANDARDCYLINDERPROBE

Clear Acrylic 21g. 35mm Long. TA19 1cm²KOBETESTPROBE

Stainless Steel. 11.3mm Diameter. 25mm Long.

TA24 4mmDIAMETERRODPROBE

Black Delrin. 20mm Long, Flat End TA25/1000*50.8mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Clear Acrylic 23g. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.

TA35 5mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Black Delrin. 20mm Long. TA36 7mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Stainless Steel. 35mm Long. TA39*2mmDIAMETERRODPROBE

Stainless Steel 5g. 20mm Long. Flat End (Margarine).



TA40 4.5mmDIAMETERRODPROBE Stainless Steel. 20.5mm Long. Flat End (Margarine). TA41*6mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Stainless Steel 7g. 35mm Long. TA42 3mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Stainless Steel. 35.8mm Long. TA44*4mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Stainless Steel 10g. TA45 1mmDIAMETERCYLINDERPROBE

Stainless Steel.

CONICAL PROBES * included in TA-P-KIT2 TA2/100 60ºCONEPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. (Low mass for CT3100)

TA2/1000* 60ºCONEPROBE

Clear Acrylic 15g. 30mm Diameter, 36mm L TA15/100 45ºCONEPROBE


TA15/1000* 45ºCONEPROBE

Clear Acrylic 13g. 30mm Diameter, 40mm L TA16 40ºCONEPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 29mm Diameter 41mm L TA17*30ºCONEPROBE

Clear Acrylic 8g. 24mm Diameter, 46mm L TA27 20ºCONEPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 12.4mm Diameter.


TA29 15ºCONEPROBEStainless Steel. 8mm Diameter.

TA32/100 90ºCONEPROBE


TA32/1000 90ºCONEPROBE

Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. TA-PCC PROBECARRYINGCASE

For Texture Analyzer Probes And/Or Calibra-tion Weights. (Foam Insert Cut To Or-der). Black Polypropylene - 225mm(L)X 200mm(W) X 70mm(H).

SPHERICAL PROBES* included in TA-P-KIT2 TA8 6.35mmDIAMETERBALLPROBE

Stainless Steel. TA18*12.7mmBALLPROBE

Stainless Steel 30g TA28 2mmDIAMETERBALLPROBE

Stainless Steel. TA31 1mmDIAMETERBALLPROBE



Stainless Steel. TA43*25.4mmDIAMETERBALLPROBE

Nylon 14g TA50 5mmDIAMETERBALLPROBE

Surimi application



MISCELLANEOUS PROBES * included in TA-P-KIT2 ** included in TA-P-KIT3

TA-DGA DUALGRIPASSEMBLYThese are multipurpose general grips for tensile type testing. The 25mm wide grips are fitted with rubber inserts to maximise con-tact adhesion with sample and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick. Each grip clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews for precise alignment. Includes one pair of T-Bolts for mounting to base. Base table kits are NOT USED with this fixture.

TA7*KNIFEEDGEClear Acrylic 8g. 60mm Wide.

TA9*NEEDLEPROBE

Stainless Steel. 1.0mm Diameter. 43mm Long. 10º Maximum Taper.

TA22 18SWGBARFRAMEPROBE

Aluminium Frame. 39mm Wide.1.2mm Dia TA23 12.7mmDIAMETERROUNDENDPROBE

Black Delrin. 35mm Long. TA26*0.33mmDIAMETERCUTTINGWIREPROBE

Aluminium Frame 67g, 40mm Wide, Con-nects to M3 Male Thread

TA46**TACURDPROBE5mm

Stainless Steel, 5mm dia disc ( 0.2 sq cm ) TA47**TACURDPROBE8mm

Stainless Steel, 8mm dia disc ( 0.5 sq cm ) TA48**TACURDPROBE10mm

Stainless Steel, 10mm dia disc ( 0.8 sq cm )



TA37 2.36mmdiametercuttingwireprobe Aluminium Frame. 40mm Wide. TA49 25.4mmDIAMETERROUNDEND

Clear Acrylic. LFRATrain LFRAOn-SiteInstallationandTraining

one day on-site time CT3Train CT3On-SiteInstallationandTraining

one day on-site time TA52 SmallScaleMOHRSShearBlade

Includes one blade holder and five blades. Blades are 9mm Wide x 35mm Length x .5mm Thick

TA53 .33mm Dia Cutting Wire Probe Aluminum Frame, 40 mm Wide, Connects to M6 Female Thread

CALIBRATION ACCESSORIES TA-CW-100C CALIBRATIONWEIGHTSET,100g WITHCASE&CERTIFICATE

Set of weights (total mass 100g) to be used to check calibration of the 100g LFRA Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TA-CW-1000C CALIBRATIONWEIGHTSET,1000g WITHCASE&CERTIFICATE

Set of weights (total mass 1000g) to be used to check calibration of the 1000g LFRA Tex-ture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TA-CW-1500C CALIBRATIONWEIGHTSET,1500g WITHCASE&CERTIFICATE

Set of weights (total mass 1500g) to be used to check calibration of the 1500g CT3 Tex-ture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.



TA-CW-4500C CALIBRATIONWEIGHTSET,4500gWITHCASE&CERTIFICATE

Set of weights (total mass 4500g) to be used to check calibration of the 4500g CT3 Tex-ture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TA-CW-10KGCCALIBRATIONWEIGHTSET,10kgWITHCASE&CERTIFICATE

Set of weights (total mass 10kg) to be used to check calibration of the 10kg CT3 Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TIA-8013 HANGERMOUNTINGRING

Used to hang calibration weights. Included with each weight set. Replacements may be ordered with this number.

CCSCT3 Calibration & Certification Service for CT3

GELATIN ACCESSORIES

TA-GBB-2 BROOKFIELDGELATINBLOOMBOTTLEKIT(12pcs)

One dozen Brookfield gelatin bloom sample bottles w/BEL logo bottle holds 120ml vol-ume and includes TA-SBS stoppers

GelatinPreparationBathSystem

TC-402D(qty2)TC-351D(qty1)

System is used by attaching TC-351 to one TC-402D bath set to 10C. Second TC-402D bath is set to 60C providing rapid transfer between the thermal environments necessary for conditioning gelatin for Bloom testing. Each bath has 29L reservoir and capacity for twelve (12) gelatin jars and a removable rack for easy handling. 21L of water is required for proper fluid level with rack and 12 bloom jars.



TA-SB BROOKFIELDSAMPLEBOTTLES(6pcs)

Alternative sample bottle similar to TA-BSB. Order stoppers TA-SBS separately

TA-SBS BROOKFIELDRUBBERSTOPPERS(12pcs)

Rubber stoppers for TA-SB (Brookfield Sample Bottles)

CT3-CS-100 BLOOMTESTSTRIPFor use with 100g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration.

CT3-CS-1000 BLOOMTESTSTRIP

For use with 1000g & 1500g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration.



Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. 11 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro, MA 02346-1031 USAT: 800.628.8139 or 508.946.6200 F: 508.946.6262 W: www.brookfieldengineering.com

what is texture analysis? - lab · pdf filematerials have low cohesiveness. ... gelatin...

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