What is SPSS

SPSS is a program software used for statistical analysis.

Statistical Package for Social Sciences

Introduction

1. Download the SPSS Trial which is valid for 30 days or buy the software

2. Install the Software on your computer

3. Run the tutorial. 4. SPSS is a spreadsheet and look

similar to Microsoft Excel

The SPSS Screen

The spreadsheet of SPSS is divided into two categories :

Data View Variable View

How to enter data into SPSS Entering New Data into SPSS File Scenario : 10 people were picked as

a sample and were asked their age as members of the gym

Go in the Data View Page and type the age of the people. Say 20 to 65

Type the numbers in the first column

How do you name the Variable Click on the Variable View tab In the first column there is the Tab:

Variable0000 Click on Variable000 and enter age Then proceed to the decimals

column and change the decimals from 2 to Zero

Changing the Variable0001 to age

Data View Page should look like this

Importance of Values in SPSS Scenario : Say for example there is a

sample of ten people. There are 5 males and 5 females.

The Variable name should be gender. However, SPSS is a smart program and inso creating a column for male and female, just enter the gender as a number

Process

Proceed to data view page Use the number 0 for the male

gender and the number 1 for female gender

When a male gender appears on your questionnaire, enter number 1 in the column. When a female gender appears on your questionnaire, enter number 2 in the column.

Then proceed to the variable view tab

Rename the Variable from Variable002 to Gender. Change the decimals to 0. Then proceed to the Values column. Click on it

and define Values. Enter Value : 0 Enter Label: Male and the press add Enter Value : 1 Enter Label : Female and then press add and

then click OK Then proceed to the measure column and click

on Nomimal

Then proceed to Data View Page and click on View and then click Value Label

New Data View Page

Running Analysis

Analysis is normally run in a different window known as the SPSS output window.

Scenario : We want to examine the amount of members which frequent the gym in each city. The question in the questionnaire was

5) To which area of the city do you belong?   North South East West

Analysis

Proceed to the data view tab The six column on the top of the

screen is known as analyse Click on analyze The click on descriptive statistics Then click on frequencies A box will pop up on the screen Then pick the Variable on which you

want to run the frequency

Amount of members in each city

In our scenario, we want to find the amount of members which from each city

We then select the city Variable Then click OK and the output window will

appear The output window shows exactly how

many people were from North South East and West

Right click and copy and past so as not to lose data

Output Page

How to Find Mean Mode Median and Std Deviation on SPSS

Scenario : Find the average age of the people who participated in the sample.

Proceed to the Data View Tab Click on Analyze then click on descriptive

statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed. Here we are analyzing the average age of the sample who participated on the survey

The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean

Then click on continue and the output page will come out with the necessary information

Mean

Output window

Standard Deviation The standard deviation is a measure of how

spread out your data are. Proceed to the Data View Tab Click on Analyze then click on descriptive

statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed

The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean and Standard Deviation

Then click on continue and the output page will come out with the necessary information

Standard Deviation

Standard Deviation

Output Window

Chi Square Analysis

Scenario : Out of ten members at the gym, we are trying to find the amount of female who will not use the gym if it is not associated to the city

Objective: Conduct a chi analysis to test the relationship between the two.

Proceed to the Data View and the click on analyze and then on descriptive statistics and then on crosstabs. A new tab will appear

Chi Square

We are analyzing the amount of boys which have been accepted in the college. This in the Row tab, input gender and in the column tab, input accepted.

Then click on Statistic and then click on Chi Square and then click continue

Then click on cells and then click on Expected and then click on continue

Chi Square

Chi Square

Chi Square

Chi SQUARE

The output window will open as per last picture Scroll down to the middle of the output window

where there is written : Gender usage crosstabulation

The cross tabulation table will give the amount of male and female students which will not go to the gym if it is not found in their city

Say for instance, the cross tabulation table shows that there are more female who will use the gym even if it located outside their city

Chi Square Analysis

Then move on to the Chi Square Tab If the value in the Asymp Sig is less than 0.5,

we can say that the difference between male and female using the gym outside the city could have occurred just by chance.

If the Asymp Sig is 0.000, this means that there that the difference observed is due to sampling. Thus, the Chi Square report that the amount of female willing to use the gym outside their city is because of XYZ reason.

Creating a Histogram on SPSS A histogram graphically summarize the

distribution of a data set. Steps: Proceed to the SPSS Data View Tab. Click on Analyze then click on descriptive

statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed. Say for instance the Variable is Rank the main reasons for you using the Club

The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean Mode Median or Std Deviation

Histogram

Histogram

The Press on Chart. A new Tab will appear with bar chart,

Histogram and Pie Chart Select Histogram Then press continue and then ok The output page will come out with

the necessary table and histogram

Histogram

Histogram

Creating Pie Chart on SPSS A pie chart illustrate variables into sectors. Steps: Proceed to the SPSS Data View Tab. Click on Analyze then click on descriptive

statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed. Say for instance the Variable here is to find the percentage of customers who are aware that food is served at 7.pm.

The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean.

Pie Chart

Pie Chart

The Press on Chart. A new Tab will appear with three

different options Select Pie Chart Then press continue and then ok The output page will come out with

the necessary table and Pie Chart

Pie Chart

Creating Bar Chart on SPSS Follow the same procedure as for

histogram and pie chart but instead click on bar chart and complete analysis

Correlation Analysis

Scenario : We are trying to find the correlation between female and usage of gym during lunch time

Click on the analyze menu and then scroll down to correlate and then select bivariate

Then select the appropriate Variable Here the variable might be: Time. Gender.

Members Then select on the two tailed button and

flag significant correlation and then click ok

Correlation Analysis

Correlation

The output page will open Look at the table of correlation And then analyze data saying there

is no correlation or high correlation