what is solar photovoltaic energy? - home - apse · 2011-12-07 · what is solar photovoltaic...
TRANSCRIPT
What is Solar Photovoltaic Energy?
Ray Noble – STA / REA Solar PV Specialist
APSE ‐Motherwell 14th July 2011
How does it work?
• A PV Cell converts light into electricity
• A PV Cell generates up to 2 to 4watts at a constant 0.5volts
•
2
We all use Solar PV?
• We all use and rely on PV everyday in the form of powering satellites for Communications, GPS, etc
• This technology, developed by the Space Industry is a totally reliable method of generating non polluting electricity from light
• With no moving parts it has a life in excess of 50 years and with a Manufacturers warranty of 25 years
Standard Crystalline Modules• Mono Cells – efficiency range 16% to 20%
• Multi Cells – efficiency range 14% to 17%
• Both generate the same kWh/kWp
• A kWp of Mono needs 6 to 6.5m2 and Multi needs 6.5m2 to 7m2
• Multi is 70% of World production and costs less
• Both2 or 3, generally the largest
4
Thin Film PV • Thin Film is a deposition of semi conductor generally in glass
• Efficiency is lower than crystalline at 4% to 9%
• Therefore a greater area is required to achieve 1kWp
• Generates the same kWh/kWp as Crystalline
• Watch warranties!
• Watch the glass, annealed glass used in many products can crack
5
Thin Film
Flexible Thin FilmThin Film
• Some Thin Films are made on a flexible substrate
6
UK Weather!
• Similar to Germany, varies from North to South
Location kWh/kWp /year
750 - 820
830 - 850
860 - 890
900 - 960
Orientation & Inclination UK Orientation & Inclination
•
8
Developed to charge batteries
• Remote generation of electricity to charge batteries to power devices
Grid Connection
• UK started looking and demonstrating Solar from 1990
• BIPV was always a UK key strategy
• Largest BIPV Facade, largest on a Commercial Building, G8 Showcase and largest Canopy – 1996 to 2000
Demonstration projects
• BP Solar helped develop the global PV market
Product Development
• New PV Building products designed, developed and demonstrated in the UK
• These products manufactured in the UK and now exported
Roof Products
• Roof PV Products designed, developed and demonstrated
PV on Buildings +BIPV
• Low Carbon Buildings use Solar PV
Roof Support Systems• Roof hooks are positioned under tiles and fixed to the timber structure
• Aluminium rails are fixed to the roof hooks and offer support to framed modules
15
Solar Fields
Inverter Locations• PV generates DC Inverters convert to AC and can be positioned both internally or externally
• AC can be connected direct to the buildings distribution system
• Large systems can be connected in 3 phase
17
18
MCS for Products and Installers• MCS is a check that the products on offer do carry an IEC certificate and are made in an ISO factory. However it does not check commercial aspects of the company• It is their to protect to help consumers and is only necessary on projects up to 50kWp• MCS for Installers is again only up to 50kWp projects and is an attempt to stop “Cowboys”
Electric Vehicle Charging
• Solar Canopies to charge Electric Vehicles
• Solar electricity charging for Lithium Ion Batteries
• 100% Clean Transport
• Single parking space canopy provides enough electricity for a Nissan Leaf to travel 6,300miles
German Marketive, look at Germany?
20
Capital
Capital Grants
Feed in Tariff
Similar light levels to UK
FIT results since April 2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
AD Hydro Micro CHP Photovoltaic Wind
Installed Capacity (MW)
NOTE:‐ It took over 15 years to the first 26MW installed
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
No. of Installations
Domestic
Commercial
Industrial
Community
PV cost trend (£/Wp)
Markets for Solar• 50% of the present population live in Cities • This is predicted to rise to 80% by 2050• Cities produce 60% of emissions from Buildings• Tackling Emissions in Cities produces the biggest wins
However Solar does like light!
24
