what is science? scientia (latin for ‘knowledge’) observation and experimentation science is a...
TRANSCRIPT
What is Science?Scientia
(Latin for ‘knowledge’)
Observation and Experimentation
Science is a way of knowing based on testable claims supported by…
What is NOT Science?Non-science: cannot be verified empirically.
(obs. & exp.)
Examples:authority (people),emotion, religion,logic, philosophy
empirical evidence
The “stuff” in the universe is madeof “building blocks” formed in stars.
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and how it reacts.
atoms/elements
matter
science is a logical, organized way to solve a scientific problem.
Question
Observe
Hypothesis
Experiment
Theory
(explain)
(test)
(conclusion, explain)
Science Process (How do you do science?)
Observation:using your senses to obtain information
Suppose you try to turn on a flashlight and it doesn’t light. An observation can lead to a question:What’s wrong with the flashlight?
Science Process (How do you do science?)
Hypothesis:a proposed explanation
Based on previous observations,you propose that if the flashlight getsnew batteries, then it will work.
Science Process (How do you do science?)
Experiment: test of a hypothesis
Variables (can change)
independent: you change it first.
dependent: you observe it after. (it depends on what you changed)
controlled: held constant. (bulb)
Science Process (How do you do science?)You can test your hypothesis by putting new batteriesin the flashlight. If it lights, your hypothesis is valid.
Once a hypothesis is validated and revised byrepeated experiments, it may become a _____.
Theory:a well-tested explanation for observations
Theories must be revised to explainnew observations
Science Process (How do you do science?)
Science Process (How do you do science?)
F = G d2
general relativity, gravitons, etc.
Scientific Law:summarizes & describes the results of many observations and experiments
Theories do NOT become laws!
A scientific law doesn’t try to explain.
Law of Gravity vs. Theory of Gravity
summarizes explains & describes & interprets
(summarizes / describes)
(explains)
“Fact”: (in science)observation/event among observers
Observation/Question
Hypothesis Experiments Theory
Scientific Law
retest
revise
analyze
THEORYis the strongest form of scientific
knowledge
Science Process (Summary)
1. Knowledge would NOT be considered scientific knowledge if…
A. it’s based on experimental data
B. it’s theoretical
C. it’s not observable and testable
D. it’s easy to understand
Quick Quiz!
2. Chemistry is the study of ___________ and how it reacts.
A. anything with mass
B. anything that takes up space
C. matter
D. A, B, and C
Quick Quiz.
3. What is one reason to study chemistry?
A. to pass the test
B. you need it before driver’s ed
C. to be the coolest kid in school
D. to explain the natural world around you
Quick Quiz.
4. What is a hypothesis?
A. information obtained from the senses.
B. a proposed explanation for observations.
C. a thoroughly tested explanation for a broad set of observations.
D. a concise statement that summarizes the results of many of experiments.
Quick Quiz.
Observation
Theory
Law