what is occupational hygiene?
DESCRIPTION
An introduction to occupational hygiene (also known as industrial hygiene)TRANSCRIPT
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What is Occupational Hygiene?
Mike Slater
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Occupational Hygiene?
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Occupational Hygiene? NO!
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Occupational Hygiene?
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Occupational Hygiene?
NO!
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Hygiene
“Conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease”
http://oxforddictionaries.com
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Occupational hygiene is about the prevention of ill health caused by work
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According to the WHO, globally, there are:
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2,000,000 work-related deaths per year
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386,000 deaths each year from exposure to airborne particulates
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152,000 deaths per year from carcinogens in the workplace
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37% of Lower Back Pain is attributed to occupation
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Occupational hygiene is about the prevention of ill health caused by work
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We do that by the
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Recognition
We do that by the
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Recognition Evaluation
We do that by the
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Recognition Evaluation Control
We do that by the
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Recognition Evaluation Control
We do that by the
of hazardous agents
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Chemical hazards
There are many thousands of hazardous chemicals commonly used at work.
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Chemical hazards
Chemical hazards also include:
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Silica released during stone cutting activities
Source: HSE
Dusts – in this case stone dust contains crystalline silica which causes silicosis, a serious lung disease
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Now you see it
Mists – in this case paint containing isocyanates, a major cause of occupational asthma
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Vapours are given off paints and other solvent based products such as inks and adhesives
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Fume – very fine particulate matter
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Physical agents
Hazardous physical agents include noise,
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Vibration (this hand grinder will also produce high noise levels)
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Non-ionising radiation like theultra-violet radiation generated by arc welding
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The thermal environment – hot and cold
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Biological hazards
Biological agents like the micro-organisms that can cause legionnaires’ disease and anthrax
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Ergonomic hazards
Back and muscular damage caused by poor manual handling practices
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Tasks involving repetitive actions
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The use of display screen equipment
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Occupational Hygiene
Chemistry
Physics
Biology
Engineering
Law
Toxicology
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Occupational Hygiene
Chemistry
Physics
Biology
Engineering
Law
Toxicology
Occupational hygiene is a multi-disciplinary science
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Recognition Evaluation Control
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Recognition Evaluation Control
Occupational hygienists are trained to anticipate and recognise health hazards at work
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Bakers are exposed to flour dust which can cause occupational asthma
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Bakers are about 80 times more likely to develop occupational asthma than the average British worker
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Coal miners and quarry workers are exposed to dust that can cause silicosis – a serious debilitating lung disease
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Cleaning with solvents can lead to dermatitis and exposure to solvent vapours.
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And some solvents can be absorbed through the skin
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This worker is exposed to dust, noise and vibration
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Arc welders are exposed to metal fumes which can cause metal fume fever
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and, in some cases, asthma and lung cancer
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They’re also exposed to irritant gases and ultra-violet radiation
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Recognition Evaluation Control
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RISK =
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RISK = Hazard x
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RISK = Hazard x Exposure
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RISK = Hazard x Exposure
Exposure assessment is an important part of the occupational hygienist’s role
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RISK = Hazard x Exposure
This can involve:
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Personal exposure sampling
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Exposure modelling
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Observations
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Biological Monitoring
Which may involve taking blood samples
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But taking urine samples is usually preferable as it’s easier and more acceptable to the worker
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Recognition Evaluation Control
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Prevention
Engineering
Work practices
PPE
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Prevention
Engineering
Work practices
PPE
This is the “hierarchy of control”
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Prevention
Engineering
Work practices
PPE
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Prevention
Elimination Substitution Process change
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Prevention
Engineering
Work practices
PPE
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Containment
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A fume cupboard – an example of local exhaust ventilayion
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Photograph courtesy of HSE
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Prevention
Engineering
Work practices
PPE
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Time Reduce exposure timeJob rotationWork – rest regimesWork scheduling
Distance SegregationRestrict accessRest areas
Organisation Reduce numbers exposedGood working practiceWritten procedures“Permits to work”
Work practices / organisation
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Prevention
Engineering
Work practices
PPEPersonal protective equipment – which should be the last resort
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Respiratory protection
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Chemical protective clothing, gloves and eye protection
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Management measures
Maintenance of controls
Supervision
Exposure monitoring
Screening & health surveillance
Information, instruction, training
Review and audit
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www.bohs.org
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www.bohs.orgThe organisation for anyone interested in occupational hygiene in the UK
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http://www.slideshare.net/mikeslater
http://diamondenv.wordpress.com
Twitter: @diamondenv
Mike Slater
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Picture credits:Stock.XCHNG - www.sxc.hu/Cirrus Research - www.cirrusresearch.co.ukThe Health and Safety Executive – www.hse.gov.ukwww.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/victorian_britain/children_in_facto
ries/www.beautifulbritain.co.uk
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Mike Slater, Diamond Environmental Ltd. ([email protected])
This presentation is distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
UK:International Licence