What is Electricity?What is Electricity?

• Electricity is a form of energy Electricity is a form of energy that can easily be converted to that can easily be converted to other forms of energy.other forms of energy.

Does Electricity Have Does Electricity Have Force?Force?

• Yes it doesYes it does

What Causes Electrical What Causes Electrical Force?Force?

• Electrical force is caused by a Electrical force is caused by a concentration of electrical charges.concentration of electrical charges.

• There are 2 Types of electrical There are 2 Types of electrical charges:charges:

“+” POSITIVE“-” NEGATIVE

Charges exist in all matter.Charges exist in all matter.

What is a Positive What is a Positive Charge?Charge?

• PositivePositive = when there are more = when there are more positive charges than negative positive charges than negative charges present.charges present.

Positive Charge

What is a Negative What is a Negative Charge?Charge?

• Negative = when there are more negative charges than positive charges present.

Negative Charge

What Does “Neutral” What Does “Neutral” Mean?Mean?

• NeutralNeutral = when the same number = when the same number of positive and negative charges of positive and negative charges are present.are present.

How Do Electrical Charges How Do Electrical Charges Interact?Interact?

OppositeOpposite charges charges attractattract

LikeLike charges charges repelrepel

Do Electrical Charges Do Electrical Charges Move?Move?

• FrictionFriction – causes negative – causes negative charges (electrons) to move from charges (electrons) to move from one object to another.one object to another.– This transfer of “-” negatives creates This transfer of “-” negatives creates

an imbalance or charge.an imbalance or charge.

What is Static What is Static Electricity?Electricity?

• StaticStatic is the attractive force is the attractive force of opposite charges.of opposite charges.

What is the Cause of What is the Cause of Static?Static?

• Cause of staticCause of static = the build up of = the build up of charged ions (from friction)charged ions (from friction)

What are the Effects of What are the Effects of Static?Static?

• Effects of staticEffects of static = shock, or = shock, or static discharge, as the charge static discharge, as the charge flows to the opposite charged area.flows to the opposite charged area.

What are Insulators What are Insulators and Conductors ?and Conductors ?

• InsulatorInsulator = material in which = material in which electrical electrical charges do not move charges do not move freely.freely.– Examples: rubber, air, paper, woodExamples: rubber, air, paper, wood

• ConductorConductor = material in which = material in which electrical electrical charges can move freely.charges can move freely.– Examples: metal, wire, liquidsExamples: metal, wire, liquids

What is Induction?What is Induction?

• Induction is the rearrangement of charges within a substance – it results from the presence of other charges.

What is Conduction?What is Conduction?

• ConductionConduction is the transfer of a charge.– This results from touching, or direct

contact with, a charged object.

Van der Graff Van der Graff GeneratorGenerator

• Van De Graaff Generator – shows static electricity (build up of electrons).

• The Van De Graaff generator creates 200,000 – 300,000 volts but it is not dangerous because of the low amperes.– therefore the charge does not flow

easily or continuously.

How Does Lightning How Does Lightning Form?Form?

• Friction generates a charge and causes separation. Negative atoms are heavier (due to extra electrons) and fall to the bottom of the cloud as the positives float to the top of the cloud.

• Stepped leaders = negative charges move down from cloud towards the ground just before lightning forms.

• Streamers = positive charges move up from the ground toward the leaders.

• When both streamers and stepped leaders meet, lightning forms.