what is democracy? - canadian college...
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World Politics
WhatisDemocracy?• system of government where the people
grant the authority to govern within constitutional constraints (rule of law)
Twodominantvarieties:
1.DirectDemocracy
• citizensaredirectlyinvolvedinmakingdecisions
2.RepresentativeDemocracy
• decisionsaffectingthecommunityaremadebyelectedrepresentativesofthepeople
• twoforms:theConstitutionalMonarchy(hereditarymonarchislargelyaceremonialheadofstate)andtheRepublic(peopleelecttheheadofstate)
Democratic Systems
Constitutionalmonarchies,suchasCanada,employaparliamentarysystemofgovernment(Republics,ontheotherhand,useapresidentialorhybridsystem)
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
BriefHistoryofDemocracy
UsetheBBCDemocracyTimelinetoinvestigatedemocracyovertime.Choose3pointsinthehistoryofdemocracythatyoufeelaremostcriticaltoitsdevelopment.
BBC Democracy Timeline
BBC Democracy Timeline Flash
http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/why_democracy/timeline/html/non_Hlash.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/629/629/7034525.stm
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
• inmoderntimes,liberaldemocracyisusedtoindicatearepresentativedemocracy
• LiberalDemocraciesarebasedonthecommongroundofrespectforconstitutionalprocedure,limitedstateintervention,andtheprotectionofpersonalfreedoms
LiberalDemocraticStates2010(source:Wikipedia)
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
WhatconstitutesafullLiberalDemocracy?
1.Freedom
• ofspeech,religion,andpolitical,economic,andsocialrights‐allareaprecondition
2.RuleofMany
• withprotectionofminorityrights
3.GovernwithintheRuleofLaw
• inaccordancewiththeconstitution• equalityunderthelaw
4.EqualityofPoliticalRights
• everyindividualhastherighttovote,runforofHice,serveonajury,speakonpublicissues,andcarryoutpublicfunctions
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
5.MajorityRules(referstoelectiontopublicofHice)• PluralityMajority:thelargestnumberofvotes,evenif<50%,inordertobeelected
• Quali7iedMajority:2/3or3/5ofvoterequiredtobeelected(moredifHiculttoattain,isdonetoprotectminorityrights)
• SimpleMajority:50%plusone• Unanimity
6.MassParticipation
• UniversalSuffrage:alladultcitizenshavetherighttovote
7.LegitimacyofOpposition
• therighttocriticizegovernment(withinthelaw)andrunagainstincumbents
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
LimitationsofFullDemocracy
1. Lobby&interestgroups
• speakforpowerfulprivateinstitutions(e.g.corporations),canoverridetheconcernforthecommongood
2.Electoralsystemslessthanperfect• (e.g.7irstpastthepost,proportionalrepresentation)maynotaccuratelyreHlectthepublicwill
3. Globalization&internationalfreetrade• canerodeeconomicsovereignty(e.g.decisionsbyWTOorIMF)
4. FailuretoprotectidentiSiablegroups• candiscriminateagainstminoritygroups(e.g.racialproHiling)
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
5.Canlimitcivilliberties• Anti‐terrorismAct(2001)andPublicSafetyAct(2004)increasedpolicepowers
6.Canactarbitrarily• withoutjustiHication(e.g.detainingforeignerswithsuspectedlinkstoterroristgroups,suchastheU.S.ofHicialsdeportingCanadianMaherArar)
7.Oligarchyofthewealthy• concentrationofwealthinthehandsofafew,increasingeconomicdisparities
8.FocusonIndividualism• individualrightstendtosupersedethepublicgood(e.g.U.S.constitutionguaranteeingindividualsthe‘righttobeararms’)
ReadtheBBCarticle,Stillonly2cheersfordemocracy(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7025675.stm)andpp.247‐258inyourtext.Whatdotheyhavetoaddtothe“LimitationsofDemocracy”?
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
DemocraciescanalsobeclassiSiedaccordingtodegree:
PartialDemocracies
• haveonlysomeofthecharacteristicsofafulldemocracy
EmergingDemocracies
• arepartialdemocraciesattemptingtobecomeafulldemocracy
Aspointedinyourtext,thetransitiontodemocraticvaluesandinstitutionsisacomplexprocessandcanbeatoddswithcultural,politicalandeconomicrealities.ConHlictsinevitablyarise,whichcansometimeseruptintoviolence.
Formanycountriesoftheworld,progresstowarddemocracyhasinvolvedcolonizationanddecolonization.
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
Colonization
• isthepopulationofanewareabyaninHluxofpeople
Colonialism
• istheextensionofanation'ssovereigntyoverterritorybeyonditsbordersbytheestablishmentofeithersettlerorexploitationcoloniesinwhichindigenouspopulationsaredirectlyruled,displaced,orexterminated.
Decolonization
• theprocessingainingindependenceafteracolonialpowerrecognizestherightofacolonytoself‐government
ColonizationandDecolonization
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
ColonialPowers
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
ColonialPowers
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
ColonialPowers
1900
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
ColonialPowers
1945
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
Decolonization
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
RuleofLaw
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Gr. 12 Canadian and World PoliticsDemocratic Systems
MajorLegalSystemsoftheWorldSource:Wikipedia(2010)