what is biotechnology 3548

8/2/2019 What is Biotechnology 3548

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What isBiotechnology?


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Biotechnology

A wide ranging scientific field

which includes the

manipulation of living

organisms that results in newproducts or processes by

that cell.


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How Old IsBiotechnology ?

10,000 BC

Domesticating

Crops

Domesticating Animals

8,000-9,000 BC

6,000 BC

Brewing Beer

4,000 BC

Leavening Bread

1880s

Production of Vaccines

1940s

Production of Antibiotics

1980s Use of genetically modified organisms


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Discovered the Laws Governing

the Genetic Inheritance of

Traits by Scientific

Experimentation

Founded Modern Genetics


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How Old is ModernBiotechnology?


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Genetically Modified Animals

1983 Transgenic Mice 1997 Cloned sheep


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Modern Biotechnology

Molecular Biology

- microbiology

- biochemistry

- cell biology

Molecular Genetics

Genetic Engineering: Moving a gene

from one organism to another

- chemical engineering

- biomanufacturing


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Genetically ModifyingDNA

Integration of ForeignDNA into Existing DNA


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Gene Manipulation and Introduction

in Plant Biotechnology


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RestrictionEnzyme

and Ligase


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Examples of PlantTransformations


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BiotechnologyIndustry

As of December 2003:

There are 1,473 companies & 198,300 employees

300 Biotechnology drug products and vaccines are in clinical trials

Biotechnology foods include papaya, corn and soybeans

Environmental biotechnology used to clean up hazardous spills

Forensic medicine is used for identification by DNA Fingerprinting

Regulated by the FDA

More than 323 million people worldwide have been helped by Biotech

ermen a on esse s


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ermen a on esse sin BiomanufacturingPlant


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BiopharmaceuticalsDefined

Any biology-based therapeutic that structurally

mimics components found in the body

Includes: recombinant proteins, antibodies, peptides,

antisense nucleotides, therapeutic genes, therapeutic

vaccines


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Biotechnology Applications in

Health and Medicine

Protein Pharmaceuticals

Vaccines & Therapeutic Agents

Diagnostics: Protein or DNA Based

Gene Therapy

Stem Cell Research

Cancer Treatment


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Biotech Products inUse

Epogen,neupogen(Amgen)

TPA, Insulin

(Genentech)

Interferon Beta

(Biogenidec)

Algucerase

(Genzyme)

Anemia, chemotherapyeffects

Blood clot remover,

diabetic treatment

Treatment of Multiple

Sclerosis

Gauchers Disease

lysosomal storage

genetic defect


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GeneTherapy

Insertion of a new healthy gene into theorganism to provide needed (usually) proteins,hormones etc.

Gene is carried into the host by a viral

vector that has been disabled

Can provide relief for many genetic diseases Problems: Jessie Gelsinger, xscid babies

immune responses, and cancer


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CancerTherapy

Factors that inhibit blood vessel growth

Toxic chemicals delivered by antibodies tospecific cancer cells

Killer gene is delivered to tumor cells by

specific binding to the cancer cell


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Stem Cells

Can be used to replace damaged tissue

Examples: Heart cells, Parkinsons diseaseand Pancreatic cells in Diabetes

Ethical issues and lack of cells to work

with have slowed this research

what is biotechnology 3548

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